197,372 research outputs found
G × E interaction and neurodevelopment II. Focus on adversities in paediatric depression: the moderating role of serotonin transporter.
No full textIn a short series of articles, we will review the evidence for genotype by environment interaction (G × E) in developmental psychopathology. We will focus specifically on the characteristics of types of exposure assessed with respect to both their methods and findings. This article aims to review the studies exploring the moderating role of serotonin transporter on the effect of environmental adversities over time, particularly during childhood and adolescence, which is when level of internalizing symptoms and prevalence of mood disorders change substantially. Environmental adversities will not include abuse and maltreatment that have been reviewed before (see Bellani et al. 2012) and child's broader social ecology that will be reviewed in the next section
G × E interaction and neurodevelopment II. Focus on adversities in paediatric depression: the moderating role of serotonin transporter.
No full textIn a short series of articles, we will review the evidence for genotype by environment interaction (G × E) in developmental psychopathology. We will focus specifically on the characteristics of types of exposure assessed with respect to both their methods and findings. This article aims to review the studies exploring the moderating role of serotonin transporter on the effect of environmental adversities over time, particularly during childhood and adolescence, which is when level of internalizing symptoms and prevalence of mood disorders change substantially. Environmental adversities will not include abuse and maltreatment that have been reviewed before (see Bellani et al. 2012) and child's broader social ecology that will be reviewed in the next section
Binge drinking and inhibitory control: a mini-review of fMRI studies
No full textINTRODUCTION: Binge drinking (BD) refers to the intake of a high level of alcohol in a limited amount of time followed by a period of reduction or absence of alcohol consumption. Given the increase of BD during adolescence, understanding the potentially dangerous effects of consuming large amounts of alcohol on neural circuitry and cognitive status has public health and social importance. From a cognitive point of view, excessive alcohol intake at a young age can affect executive functions and, in particular, inhibitory control capacity. This, in turn, further reduces the ability to inhibit seeking and consuming alcohol at risky levels, up to the establishment of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Therefore, in this review, we describe current evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that examined functional circuits associated with inhibitory control in binge drinkers.EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The literature search retrieved 43 articles. After titles and abstracts screening, 30 records were excluded as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Ten additional records were excluded after full-text review, while three studies were identified and include in this systematic mini-review.EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Preliminary fMRI findings show increased activations in binge versus light drinkers during inhibitory control tasks (especially during incongruent conditions) in frontoparietal areas.CONCLUSIONS: In line with the continuum hypothesis, the results suggest that binge drinkers and individuals with AUD share functional brain alterations in regions ascribed to inhibitory control processes, reinforcing the hypothesis that BD and AUD may be considered two successive stages of the same phenomenon. Nontheless, longitudinal studies, in larger and better-characterized samples of binge and light drinkers, are needed to disentangle the role of inhibitory control processes in the development and maintenance of BD patterns. (Cite this article as: Rossetti MG, Longo C, Perlini C, Bellani M. Binge drinking and inhibitory control: a mini-review o
Harmothoe bellani Barnich & Fiege 2000
No full textHarmothoe bellani Barnich & Fiege, 2000 (Figs. 4, 11A–I) Harmothoe bellani Barnich & Fiege, 2000: 1920, fig. 16A–D; Barnich & Fiege (2003): 38, fig. 15A–D. Harmothoe reticulata: Fauvel (1913): 270 [part]. Type material. Harmothoe bellani: holotype, SMF 9087, W Mediterranean, Banyuls-sur-mer, near Laboratoire Arago, in Posidonia, 10 m, 10 September 1997, leg. D. Fiege & R. Barnich. Paratype: SMF 9088, W Mediterranean, Banyuls-sur-mer, harbour, 2–5 m, 21 June 1994, leg. H. Zibrowius. Additional material. For further material see Barnich & Fiege (2000 and 2003). Diagnosis. Anterior pair of eyes dorsolateral at widest part of prostomium. Elytral margin with long fringing papillae; surface covered by thorn-shaped pointed microtubercles and few scattered papillae. Description (based on holotype). Body with 36 segments. At anterior end (Fig. 11A), prostomium bilobed, with distinct cephalic peaks; ceratophore of median antenna in anterior notch, lateral antennae inserted ventrally, styles of antennae papillate, tapering to filiform tip; anterior pair of eyes situated dorsolaterally at widest part of prostomium, posterior pair dorsally near hind margin of prostomium; palps papillate, tapering. Tentaculophores inserted laterally to prostomium, each with one or two notochaetae and a dorsal and ventral tentacular cirrus, styles of cirri papillate, tapering to filiform tip. Second segment with first pair of elytra, biramous parapodia, and long buccal cirri. Following segments with tapering, short ventral cirri. Fifteen pairs of elytra, covering dorsum, on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, then on every second segment to 23, 26, 29, 32; last four segments cirrigerous; elytral margin with long fringing papillae; surface covered by thornshaped pointed microtubercles and few scattered papillae (Fig. 11B,C). Cirrigerous segments with distinct dorsal tubercles; dorsal cirri with cylindrical cirrophore, style papillate, tapering to filiform tip. Parapodia biramous; notopodia with elongate acicular lobe; neuropodia with elongate prechaetal acicular lobe with digitiform supra-acicular process; neuropodial postchaetal lobe shorter than prechaetal lobe, rounded; tips of noto- and neuroacicula penetrating epidermis (Fig. 11D). Notochaetae stouter than neurochaetae, with distinct rows of spines and blunt tip (Fig. 11E,F); neurochaetae with distinct rows of spines, middle bidentate with small secondary tooth, upper and lower unidentate (Fig. 11G–I). Measurements. H. bellani: holotype, SMF 9087, L 14 mm, W 3 mm for 36 segments; paratype, SMF 9088, L 3.5 mm, W 1.5 mm for 18 segments (af). Remarks. Specimens identified by Amoureux et al. (1978) as Harmothoe goreensis in the Red Sea were synonymised with H. bellani by Barnich & Fiege (2000 and 2003). Wehe (2006) showed that they belong in fact to H. grisea (Ehrenberg & Grube in Grube, 1869). Distribution. Western Mediterranean Sea. Due to confusion with other Harmothoe species, not recorded from the Northeast Atlantic up to now, but presence highly probable. Habitat. Between algae and Posidonia rhizomes, in 2–10 m depth.Published as part of Barnich, Ruth & Fiege, Dieter, 2009, Revision of the genus Harmothoe Kinberg, 1856 (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) in the Northeast Atlantic, pp. 1-76 in Zootaxa 2104 (1) on pages 24-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/531542
Hurwitz Generation of PSp6(q)
No full textWe show that the symplectic groups PSp6(q) are Hurwitz for all q = p^m ≥ 5, with p an odd prime. The result cannot be improved since, for q even and q = 3, it is known that PSp6(q) is not Hurwitz. In particular, n = 6 turns out to be the smallest degree for which a family of classical simple groups of degree n, over F_{p^m}, contains Hurwitz groups for infinitely many values of m. This fact, for a given (possibly large) p, also follows from [9] and [10]
G x E interaction and neurodevelopment II. Focus on adversities in paediatric depression: the moderating role of serotonin transporter
No full textIn a short series of articles, we will review the evidence for genotype by environment interaction (G x E) in developmental psychopathology. We will focus specifically on the characteristics of types of exposure assessed with respect to both their methods and findings. This article aims to review the studies exploring the moderating role of serotonin transporter on the effect of environmental adversities over time, particularly during childhood and adolescence, which is when level of internalizing symptoms and prevalence of mood disorders change substantially. Environmental adversities will not include abuse and maltreatment that have been reviewed before (see Bellani et al. 2012) and child's broader social ecology that will be reviewed in the next section
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