1,720,982 research outputs found
Metabolomics Provides Valuable Insight for the Study of Durum Wheat: A Review
No full textMetabolomics is increasingly being applied in various fields offering a highly informative tool for high-throughput diagnostics. However, in plant sciences, metabolomics is underused, even though plant studies are relatively easy and cheap when compared to those on humans and animals. Despite their importance for human nutrition, cereals, and especially wheat, remain understudied from a metabolomics point of view. The metabolomics of durum wheat has been essentially neglected, although its genetic structure allows the inference of common mechanisms that can be extended to other wheat and cereal species. This review covers the present achievements in durum wheat metabolomics highlighting the connections with the metabolomics of other cereal species (especially bread wheat). We discuss the metabolomics data from various studies and their relationships to other "-omics" sciences, in terms of wheat genetics, abiotic and biotic stresses, beneficial microbes, and the characterization and use of durum wheat as feed, food, and food ingredient
Metabolic profiling and analysis of volatile composition of durum wheat semolina and pasta
No full textAlthough pasta is generally not considered for its aromatic properties, some evidence proves that cereal
flours release volatile compounds and they might have an effect on the aroma of the transformed
products. This work reports on the characterization of the volatile components of semolina and pasta
obtained from four durum wheat cultivars (Triticum durum Desf., cvs. PR22D89, Creso, Cappelli, Trinakria).
Semolina samples were characterized through polar metabolite profiling and fatty acid analysis
to identify potential precursors of the volatile components. The results show significant differences
among the samples tested with cv. Trinakria characterized by the highest content of sugars and fatty
acids. Volatile composition was investigated both in semolina and in cooked pasta using headspace solidphase
micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and identified by GC–MS. Thirty-five volatile compounds including
aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, terpenes, esters, hydrocarbons and a furan were identified. Significant
differences were observed between semolina and pasta samples in terms of composition and amount of
the volatile compounds. During cooking an increase in aldehyde content, the appearance of ketones and
a decrease in alcohol content were observed. Correlations between metabolites and volatiles demonstrate
that the flavour of cooked pasta may differ significantly depending on the durum wheat cultivar
employed
Impact of Seed Inoculation with Trichoderma afroharzianum Strains on Plant Growth, Root Morphology, and Leaf Phenolic Content in Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) at Early Growth Stages
Full text linkIndustrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is receiving increasing attention for its multiple end-uses; therefore, an improvement in its production is needed to meet the increased demand. In the present study, the effect of seed inoculation with two Trichoderma afroharzianum strains, T-AA and T-22, on plant growth and root morphology of hemp plants at sixth-leaf (S6) and tenth-leaf (S10) stages was assessed for two consecutive years (2020 and 2021). In addition, the ability of the two strains to enhance the accumulation of phenolic compounds in hemp leaves was also evaluated. The results obtained revealed the ability of T-22 to improve the growth and root morphology of hemp plants both in 2020 and 2021, although with different impact, probably ascribable to the different weather conditions in the two years. In 2020, the positive effects of T-22 were detected at S10 stage with significant increases in the shoot and root length (38% and 17%, respectively) and dried biomass (35% and 30%, respectively) compared to untreated plants. The total root surface area and the number of tips, forks, and crossings also increased significantly (24–36%) at this stage. In 2021, significant increases in the shoot length and dried biomass (40% and 30%, respectively) were observed at S6 stage, whereas root length and dried biomass increased significantly at S6 (55% and 47%, respectively) and S10 stage (121% and 40%, respectively). Significant increases in the total surface area and volume, as well as in the number of tips, forks, and crossings were also observed at both S6 and S10 stage (50–63% and 105–187%, respectively). Interestingly, in both years and at both stages, the two strains induced significant increases in the leaf accumulation of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity, which were greater in T-22- compared to T-AA-treated plants (18–102% and 13–34%, respectively). The results are discussed in light of the potential practical applications of T-22 as a biostimulant of hemp plant growth under favorable and unfavorable environmental conditions, and of both strains as promising tools for the improvement of the leaves’ economic value as a source of health-promoting compounds
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The CeCl3.7H2O-NaI system as promoter in the synthesis of functionalized trisubstituted alkenes via Knoevenagel condensation.
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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