1,720,968 research outputs found
Audio Watermerking of MP3 Music Signals for Quality Assessment in Multimedia Communication
No full textIn this paper, we propose an audio watermarking procedure in order to provide a quality assessment of the received audio signal after an MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3) coding/transmission process. Specifically, a fragile watermark is hidden in an MP3-like host data audio transport stream using a spread-spectrum approach. At the receiver, the watermark is extracted and compared to its original counterpart. Since the alterations endured by the watermark are likely to be suffered by the MP3-file, as they follow the same communication link (including coder and transport connection), the watermark’s degradation can be used to estimate the overall alterations endured by the entire MP3-data. The Quality of service (QoS) assessment is based on the evaluation of both objective (Mean Square Error) and subjective (International Telecommunication Union Standard for Objective Measurement of Audio Quality) indicators. The proposed technique has been designed for application to mobile multimedia communication systems. The results obtained through our simulation trials confirm the sensitivity of such approach
Audio Watermarking of MP3 Music Signals for Quality Assessment in Multimedia Communications
No full textIn this paper, we propose an audio watermarking procedure in order to provide a quality assessment of the received audio signal after an MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3) coding/transmission process.
Specifically, a fragile watermark is hidden in an MP3-like host data audio transport stream using a spread-spectrum approach. At
the receiver, the watermark is extracted and compared to its original counterpart. Since the alterations endured by the watermark are likely to be suffered by the MP3-file, as they follow
the same communication link (including coder and transport
connection), the watermark’s degradation can be used to estimate the overall alterations endured by the entire MP3-data. The Quality
of service (QoS) assessment is based on the evaluation of both objective (Mean Square Error) and subjective (International Telecommunication Union Standard for Objective Measurement of Audio Quality) indicators. The proposed technique has been
designed for application to mobile multimedia communication systems. The results obtained through our simulation trials confirm the sensitivity of such approach
Different expression of AQP5 in sheep salivary glands related to forage water content during two vegetative cycles.
No full text
Preliminary data on the AQP5 immunodetection in sheep salivary glands related to the pasture vegetative cycle.
No full textFrom biodiversity safeguard to wood fire prevention: the anatomy applied to the animal well being
No full textAnatomical researches, supporting eco-vegetational investigation focussed on the
pastural ecosystem biodiversity maintainance, allowed the validation of BCS as representative
parameter of morphofunctional modifications which are strictly related to
ecological-productive variations of the grassland systems (Ceccarelli, It J Anat Embryol
114, 2009). A cause of wood fire primer is the presence of necromass in the wood/
pasture fringes characterized by a strong covering of Brachypodium rupestre (Br. r.), a
tall grass lowly palatable for ovine because of its silicate rich and high fibrousness
leaves. However, sheep closed in fences on Br. r. highly covered zone, exploit all forage
resources, preventing the fire primer. So, a sheep experimental group was taken
to graze for twenty days on Br. r. highly covered plot; during this period, the ruminal
mucosa keratinization degree and the body state modifications (BCS and body
weight) were monitored in order to determine the animal stay length without negatively
affect their well being. Data were then compared with those of sheep control
group grazing on a natural semi-mesophylic pasture. Experimental group showed
a body weight mean decrease of 1,79 kg and a marked BCS decrement (-1,10). In
control group BCS slightly decreased (-0,13) and body weight increased of 0,62 kg.
Keratinization degree changed more in experimental group (17,2%-31,7% in rumen
atrium, 20%-37,3% in rumen ventral sac) than in control one (17%-19,5% in rumen
atrium, 20,2%-22,1% in rumen ventral sac). Considering that the high keratinization
degree was quickly reached, while the most negative effects on BCS and body weight
occurred after twenty days of grazing on Br. r. pasture, it seems advisable for animals
to stay on this pasture not more than 10-15 days
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
FROM BIODIVERSITY SAFEGUARD TO WOOD FIRE PREVENTION: THE ANATOMY APPLIED TO THE ANIMAL WELL BEING
No full textAnatomical researches, supporting eco-vegetational investigation focussed on the pastural ecosystem biodiversity maintainance, allowed the validation of BCS as representative parameter of morphofunctional modifications which are strictly related to ecological-productive variations of the grassland systems (Ceccarelli, It J Anat Embryol 114, 2009). A cause of wood fire primer is the presence of necromass in the wood/pasture fringes characterized by a strong covering of Brachypodium rupestre (Br. r.), a tall grass lowly palatable for ovine because of its silicate rich and high fibrousness leaves. However, sheep closed in fences on Br. r. highly covered zone, exploit all forage resources, preventing the fire primer. So, a sheep experimental group was taken to graze for twenty days on Br. r. highly covered plot; during this period, the ruminal mucosa keratinization degree and the body state modifications (BCS and body weight) were monitored in order to determine the animal stay length without negatively affect their well being. Data were then compared with those of sheep control group grazing on a natural semi-mesophylic pasture. Experimental group showed a body weight mean decrease of 1,79 kg and a marked BCS decrement (-1,10). In control group BCS slightly decreased (-0,13) and body weight increased of 0,62 kg. Keratinization degree changed more in experimental group (17,2%-31,7% in rumen atrium, 20%-37,3% in rumen ventral sac) than in control one (17%-19,5% in rumen atrium, 20,2%-22,1% in rumen ventral sac). Considering that the high keratinization degree was quickly reached, while the most negative effects on BCS and body weight occurred after twenty days of grazing on Br. r. pasture, it seems advisable for animals to stay on this pasture not more than 10-15 days
Immunodetection of aquaporin 5 in sheep salivary glands related to pasture vegetative cycle
No full textMammalian aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of at least 13 integral membrane proteins expressed in various epithelia, where they function as channels to permeate water and small solutes. AQP5 is widely expressed in the exocrine gland where it is likely involved in providing an appropriate amount of fluid to be secreted with granular contents. As regards AQP5 expression in the salivary glands, literature is lacking concerning domestic animal species. This study was chiefly aimed at immunohistochemically investigating the presence and localization of AQP5 in sheep mandibular and parotid glands. In addition, AQP5 immunoreactivity was comparatively evaluated in animals fed with forage containing different amounts of water related to the pasture vegetative cycle, in order to shed light on the possible response of the gland to environmental modifications. Moderate AQP5-immunoreactivity was shown at the level of the lateral surface of mandibular serous demilune cells, not affected by the pasture vegetative cycle or water content. On the contrary, the parotid gland arcinar cells showed AQP5-immunoreactivity at the level of apical and lateral plasma membrane, which was slight to very strong, according to the pasture vegetative development and interannual climatic variations. AQP5 expression is likely due to its involvement in providing appropriate saliva fluidity. Indeed, the lowest AQP5 immunoreactivity was noticed when food water content increased
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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