1,720,984 research outputs found
Effect of Fenfluramine on yohimbine- and pellet priming-induced reinstatement of food seeking in female rats: Implications for the predictive validity of the reinstatement model
No full textRelapse to maladaptive eating habits during dieting is often provoked by stress or acute re-exposure to palatable foods. Until recently, this clinical problem was not systemically addressed in animal models. To address this issue, we recently adapted a rat reinstatement model (commonly used to study relapse to drugs of abuse) to study relapse to palatable food seeking induced by food priming (non-contingent exposure to small amounts food pellets) or injections of yohimbine (a prototypical alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist that causes stress-like responses in humans and non-humans). Here, we assessed the predictive validity of the food reinstatement model by studying the effect of the serotonin releaser fenfluramine on reinstatement of food seeking. In humans, fenfluramine is an effective dietary treatment that decreases food intake and body weight.
We trained food-restricted female rats to lever-press for 45 mg food pellets (3-h sessions) and first assessed the effect of fenfluramine (1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg, i.p.) on food-reinforced responding. Subsequently, we extinguished the food-reinforced responding and tested fenfluramine’s effect on reinstatement of food seeking induced by yohimbine injections (2 mg/kg i.p.) or pellet priming (4 non-contingent pellets). Fenfluramine decreased yohimbine- and pellet priming-induced reinstatement in a dose-related manner. As expected, fenfluramine also decreased food-reinforced responding, but control experiments indicate that fenfluramine’s effects on lever-presses are not due to performance deficits.
The present data provide evidence for the predictive validity of the food reinstatement model and suggest that the model can be used to identify medications for prevention of relapse induced by stress or acute exposure to palatable food during dietary treatments
In silico characterization of ligand–receptor interactions for U-47700, N,N-didesmethyl-U-47700, U-50488 at mu- and kappa-opioid receptors
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Stress- and pellet-priming-induced reinstatement of food seeking and neuronal activation in c-fos-GFP transgenic female rats: Role of ovarian hormones.
No full textRelapse to maladaptive eating habits during dieting is often provoked by stress. Women may be particularly vulnerable to stress-induced relapse due to fluctuations in ovarian hormones. We used ovariectomized (OVX) or sham OVX c-fos-GFP (green fluorescent protein) transgenic female rats, which express GFP in strongly activated neurons, to study brain areas involved in stress- and pellet-priming-induced reinstatement as well as the potential role of ovarian hormones in reinstatement and neuronal activation. Food-restricted OVX or sham rats were trained for 3 h per day to lever press for delivery of palatable food pellets, paired with a discrete tone-light cue. Pellet intake was then assessed after systemic injections of the pharmacological stressor yohimbine (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2 mg/kg, i.p.). Subsequently, lever pressing was extinguished over 20 sessions and reinstatement of food seeking was assessed after yohimbine injections or pellet priming (0, 1, 2, and 4 non-contingent pellets, delivered at session onset). Compared to sham rats, OVX rats showed a modest decrease in pellet-priming-induced reinstatement, but not in pellet intake, yohimbine-induced increases in pellet intake, or yohimbine-induced reinstatement. In both OVX and sham rats, yohimbine- and pellet-priming induced reinstatement was associated with increased GFP expression in dorsal and ventral mPFC. We conclude that ovarian hormones play a role in relapse to food seeking induced by acute re-exposure to food taste and smell but not in stress-induced feeding or relapse in our rat model
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