10 research outputs found
Syrian women's perceptions and experiences of ultrasound screening in pregnancy: Implications for antenatal policy
No full textUltrasound scanning is firmly embedded in antenatal maternity care around the world. This paper reports on a qualitative study carried out in 2003 of 30 Syrian women's perceptions and experiences of routine ultrasound in pregnancy. It was part of a larger study of the experiences of pregnancy and childbirth of 500 women from Damascus and its suburbs who had recently given birth to healthy newborns. The women had had multiple scans during pregnancy and accepted its use uncritically nearly all the time. The scans gave them reassurance that the baby was healthy, the pregnancy was progressing well and allowed them to learn the sex of the baby. The women also reacted positively to the antenatal educational messages that were conveyed using scans. However, we found the excessive use of this technology worrying. We believe private doctors, who attend 80percent of pregnant women, use ultrasound primarily to attract women to their clinics and increase their income. We recommend that maternity care in Syria should be better regulated; that women and their doctors should be made aware of the essential components of antenatal care; that national guidelines for antenatal care should be developed and that Syrian women should be empowered to ask questions about pregnancy and childbirth and the care they receive. © 2005 Reproductive Health Matters. All rights reserved.Bashour H, 2005, BIRTH-ISS PERINAT C, V32, P20, DOI 10.1111-j.0730-7659.2005.00333.x; BASHOUR H, PATTERNS DETERMINANT; BRICKER L, 2003, COCHRANE LIB; Clement S., 1998, PSYCHOL PERSPECTIVES, P7; Efrat Z, 1999, ULTRASOUND OBST GYN, V13, P305, DOI 10.1046-j.1469-0705.1999.13050305.x; *EHO, 2002, WHO ANT CAR RAND TRI; Enkin MW, 2000, GUIDE EFFECTIVE CARE; Garcia J, 2002, BIRTH-ISS PERINAT C, V29, P225, DOI 10.1046-j.1523-536X.2002.00198.x; HAFEZ R, CHILDBIRTH ITS DISCO; HYDE B, 1986, SOC SCI MED, V22, P587, DOI 10.1016-0277-9536(86)90026-2; KAMEL HS, 1999, J OBSTETRIC GYNAECOL, V25, P433; Lee W, 2004, OBSTET GYNECOL, V103, P333, DOI 10.1097-01.AOG.0000109522.51314.5c; Leithner K, 2004, ULTRASOUND OBST GYN, V23, P240, DOI 10.1002-uog.978; NEILSON JP, 2003, COCHRAN LIB; Nzeh DA, 1996, E AFR MED J, V73, P225; *ROY COLL OBST GYN, 2002, ULTR IM MAN GYN COND; *SYR CENTR BUR STA, 2002, PAN AR PROJ FAM SURV; *SYR MIN HLTH, 2000, TRAIN GUID REPR HLTH; *SYR MIN HLTH, 2003, STAT REP REPR HLTH S; *SYR SOC OBST, 2004, STUD UND REPR HLTH S; Tautz S, 2000, SOC SCI MED, V50, P689, DOI 10.1016-S0277-9536(99)00321-4; THORPE K, 1993, SOC SCI MED, V36, P311, DOI 10.1016-0277-9536(93)90015-V; *UNICEF, 2004, STAT WORLDS CHILDR N; VILLAR J, 1999, WHO REPROD HLTH LIB26232
Selenium levels in Lebanese environment
No full textVery limited research has been conducted on selenium (Se) in Lebanese soils and forage crops but no work has been done on Se in water and locally produced vegetables and grains. This research was conducted in order to quantify Se levels and its availability in agricultural soils, vegetables and grains in Lebanon. Sixty-six (66) soil samples were collected from 33 selected sites in Lebanon: the Bekaa Valley, coastal and mountainous regions. Thirteen (13) different plant types (86 samples) were sampled from the same locations. Also, 13 spring water and 10 bottled water samples were collected. Soil samples were analyzed for their physical and chemical properties. Selenium was extracted from soils with: deionized-distilled water (Soluble-Se), KH2PO4-0.1M (MKP-Se) and concentrated (HNO3+HCl) mixture (acid-Se). Plant Se was extracted by acid digestion on a hotplate. Selenium concentrations were measured by the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrophotometer (ICP-MS). The values of Soluble-Se, MKP-Se and acid-Se ranged between 47 and 142, 147 and 400, and 1749 and 4713μg-kg, respectively, with average values of 95, 306, and 3118μg-kg and at a ratio of 1:3:30. Thus, Se extracted with deionized-distilled water is a good indicator for Se availability in the studied soils. The average Se concentration in plants was in the following order: radishandgt;lettuceandgt;cucumberandgt;cabbageandgt;parsleyandgt;alfalfaandgt;onion (leaves)andgt;broccoliandgt;tomatoandgt;mintandgt;chickpeasandgt;wheatandgt;onion (bulbs). The Se levels in water samples were in the safe range (less than 50μg-L) and ranged between 2.14 and 17.6μg-L. The levels of Se in the three soil extractants were positively correlated with each other and with organic matter content, salinity and phosphorus (P). Selenium levels in plant samples were positively correlated at a 0.01 significance level with clay and P content. © 2010.Al-Saleh Iman A., 1999, Journal of Environmental Pathology Toxicology and Oncology, V18, P37; Bashour I, 2007, METHODS ANAL SOILS A; BISBJERG B, 1969, PLANT SOIL, V31, P287, DOI 10.1007-BF01373572; CHAO TT, 1989, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V53, P385; Dhillon KS, 2005, AUST J SOIL RES, V43, P639, DOI 10.1071-SR04166; ELRASHIDI MA, 1987, SOIL SCI, V144, P141, DOI 10.1097-00010694-198708000-00008; FAO, 1992, SOILS B, V65; Fordyce F. M., 2005, ESSENTIALS MED GEOLO, P373; GONDI F, 1992, BIOL TRACE ELEM RES, V35, P299, DOI 10.1007-BF02783773; Hawkesford MJ, 2007, J CEREAL SCI, V46, P282, DOI 10.1016-j.jcs.2007.02.006; JOHNSON CC, 2004, CR04016N BRIT GEOL S; Kabata Pendias A., 2001, TRACE ELEMENTS SOILS, P241; Lteif A, 2005, PLANT NUTR FOOD SECU, P716; McNeal J.M., 1989, SSSA SPECIAL PUBLICA, V23, P1; Mikkelsen R.L., 1989, SPEC PUB SOIL SCI SO, V23, P65; [NAS NRC], 1983, SEL NUTR; Oldfield JE, 1999, WORLD ATLAS SELENIUM; Selim HM, 2001, HEAVY METALS RELEASE, P191; Tan KH, 1989, SOIL SAMPLING PREPAR; Terry N, 2000, ANNU REV PLANT PHYS, V51, P401, DOI 10.1146-annurev.arplant.51.1.401; Wang MC, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V52, P585, DOI 10.1016-S0045-6535(03)00240-60
Water productivity: A basic tool for sustainable irrigation
No full textThe rapid population, economic and standard of living growth with the global climate changes is increasing the per capita demand on water. This increase in water demand is resulting in less available fresh water supply for agriculture. To sustain irrigated agriculture, better water management is necessary at all levels. Water supply in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) is unequally distributed in space and time. This region has among the lowest per capita water supply in the world. On the other hand, the intensive extraction and use of water without proper planning and provisions for the protection of their water resource has led to serious water pollution. Agriculture consumes 70-80percent of water in this region. This leads to a fundamental problem for water-short countries that should manage between their renewable water resources and their capacity for food production. Water-short countries do import food commodities, which has imbedded water called virtual water. The aim of this paper is to present a model with the general objective to maximize water productivity (monitory units per cubic meter of water). The mathematical model resulted in a maximum water productivity of 6.92 -m3, second a decrease in on farm crop prices by 10, 20 and 40percent caused decreases in the objective function value by 4.8percent, 9.66percent and 20.29percent respectively, while an increase in prices increased the objective function value and third an imposition of certain crops in the project area decreased water productivity.Allan J. A., 2003, VIRTUAL WATER ELIMIN; ALLAN JA, 1997, BRIT ASS FEST SCI U; Bouwer H, 2000, AGR WATER MANAGE, V45, P217, DOI 10.1016-S0378-3774(00)00092-5; *COUNC AGR SCI TEC, 1988, 113 AM IOW; MOUKARZEL SN, 2005, P SEM WAT GOV ROL ST; NIMAH MN, 2001, LAND, P119; OKI T, 2003, PHYS CHEM EARTH; RODEGRANT MW, 2002, P INT FOOD POL RES I20
A New 3D Tool for Planning Plastic Surgery
No full textFace plastic surgery (PS) plays a major role in today medicine. Both for reconstructive and cosmetic surgery, achieving harmony of facial features is an important, if not the major goal. Several systems have been proposed for presenting to patient and surgeon possible outcomes of the surgical procedure. In this paper, we present a new 3D system able to automatically suggest, for selected facial features as nose, chin, etc, shapes that aesthetically match the patient's face. The basic idea is suggesting shape changes aimed to approach similar but more harmonious faces. To this goal, our system compares the 3D scan of the patient with a database of scans of harmonious faces, excluding the feature to be corrected. Then, the corresponding features of the k most similar harmonious faces, as well as their average, are suitably pasted onto the patient's face, producing k+1 aesthetically effective surgery simulations. The system has been fully implemented and tested. To demonstrate the system, a 3D database of harmonious faces has been collected and a number of PS treatments have been simulated. The ratings of the outcomes of the simulations, provided by panels of human judges, show that the system and the underlying idea are effectiv
The Efficacy of Dexamethasone in the Prevention of Postoperative Shivering: A Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
No full textBackground: Post-operative shivering is very common and followed by many problems such as increasing oxygen consumption, blood pressure, intracranial and intraocular pressure, and post-operation pain. Therefore, prevention of shivering is important especially in elderly and ischemic heart disease patients. The goal of this study was comparing the effect of Pethidine (Meperidine), Dexamethasone and Placebo on prevention of shivering.
Material and Methods: This double blind clinical trial study was carried out on 120 patients who were candidates for surgery under general anesthesia.The patients were randomly divided into three groups including those who received placebo (a) Dexamethasone (b) and Pethidine (c). Induction and maintenance of anesthesia for all patients were similar. Central and peripheral temperature of patients was measured every 5 minute interval. After induction saline normal, Dexamethasone and Pethidine were injected to groups a, b and c respectively. In recovery all patients were controlled for visible shivering: All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS software and ANOVA and chi square tests.
Results: There were no significant differences among three mentioned groups regarding of gender, age , duration of surgery and recovery time. Nineteen cases (47.5%) in group a had post-operative shivering. Whereas, in group b only 4 cases (10%) had shivering and the difference between 2 groups was significant (P value = 0.001). Also in group c, 15 cases (37.5%) had shivering that the difference with placebo group was significant (P value = 0.08).
Conclusion: The present study showed that pethidine and dexamethasone are effective drugs for preventing of post-operative shivering in elective surgery. And the effect of dexamethasone in preventing the post – operative shivering is better than Pethidine. Dexamethasone can be administered after induction of anesthesia as an alternative to administration of Pethidine (as a common method of prevention and treatment of postoperative shivering) particularly in patients with hemodynamic instability
Nutrition transition and cardiovascular disease risk factors in middle East and North Africa countries: Reviewing the evidence
No full textAim: To examine the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Middle East and North Africa countries and their associations with dietary behaviors as nutrition transition is unfolding in the region. Data: Data on CVD risk factors were collected from scholarly papers and a systematic review of published articles was performed. Dietary patterns were derived from the WHO Food and Agriculture Organization Statistical Databases. Results: Wide variations exist across countries in the prevalence of CVD risk factors, namely obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking and physical inactivity, with some countries showing high values of certain factors which approach those observed in the developed world. In particular, obesity prevalence rates have reached alarming levels, particularly among women in the oil-rich countries (over 40percent), making it the most pressing health concern in the region. Trends in the dietary pattern illustrated a consistent rise in total energy supply by approximately 730 kcal per capita per day between 1970 and 2005. Dietary patterns showed an increased consumption of fat and animal protein and a decreased intake of carbohydrates, particularly whole grain cereals, and fresh fruits and vegetables. Conclusion: Regional differences were attributed to differences in lifestyle, occupation and a shift from traditional food habits. Our understanding of the CVD disparities across various geographic regions is key to our effort in planning relevant intervention programs. Public health efforts should focus on obesity, physical inactivity and unhealthy dietary practices. The success of these interventions depends on governmental commitment, multisectoral partnership and a consideration of the sociocultural norms of the target population. © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.Abdul-Rahim H. 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Use of recombinant human parathyroid hormone in hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy
No full textHypocalcemia secondary to hypoparathyroidism is a rare cause of congestive heart failure. However, its early recognition and treatment lead to significant improvement in cardiac function. We report a middle-aged woman presenting with symptoms of heart failure with a serum calcium level of 3.7 mg-dl and a serum inorganic phosphate level of 17.6 mg-dl 22 years after subtotal thyroidectomy. Besides calcium and calcitriol supplementation, she was the first patient with severe hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy to be given off-label recombinant human parathyroid hormone (PTH) because of an elevated serum calcium-phosphate product. We discuss the management and outcome of the patient and then present a brief review of similar previously reported cases. We also describe the pivotal role of calcium ion and the potential role of PTH in maintaining myocardial contractility, effective natriuresis, and possible pathogenic mechanisms contributing to heart failure secondary to hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism. © 2012 European Society of Endocrinology.Altunbas H, 2003, HORM RES, V59, P201, DOI 10.1159-000069324; Avsar A, 2004, ECHOCARDIOGR-J CARD, V21, P609, DOI 10.1111-j.0742-2822.2004.03149.x; BASHOUR T, 1980, CHEST, V78, P663, DOI 10.1378-chest.78.4.663; Behaghel A, 2011, EUR J ECHOCARDIOGR, V12, pE38, DOI 10.1093-ejechocard-jer105; Bers DM, 2002, NATURE, V415, P198, DOI 10.1038-415198a; BRENTON DP, 1978, POSTGRAD MED J, V54, P633; CHOPRA D, 1977, NEW ENGL J MED, V296, P917, DOI 10.1056-NEJM197704212961607; CONNOR TB, 1982, NEW ENGL J MED, V307, P869, DOI 10.1056-NEJM198209303071407; CSANADY M, 1990, BRIT HEART J, V63, P58; DROP LJ, 1985, ANESTH ANALG, V64, P432; Fisher NG, 2001, EUR J HEART FAIL, V3, P373, DOI 10.1016-S1388-9842(01)00125-8; GILES TD, 1981, CHEST, V79, P225, DOI 10.1378-chest.79.2.225; Gulati Sheffali, 2001, Indian Journal of Pediatrics, V68, P287, DOI 10.1007-BF02723209; Gupta R P, 2007, J Assoc Physicians India, V55, P522; GURTOO A, 1994, INT J CARDIOL, V43, P91, DOI 10.1016-0167-5273(94)90096-5; Hegglin R, 1939, HELV MED ACTA, V5, P584; HUDDLE KR, 1982, S AFR MED J, V61, P804; HUDDLE KRL, 1988, S AFR MED J, V73, P242; Hurley K, 2005, J EMERG MED, V28, P155, DOI 10.1016-j.jemermed.2004.06.014; JAYAKUMAR A, 1984, J BIOL CHEM, V259, P827; Kazmi AS, 2007, AM J MED SCI, V333, P226, DOI 10.1097-MAJ.0b013e318039b9c6; Khairallah W, 2007, NAT CLIN PRACT NEPHR, V3, P397, DOI 10.1038-ncpneph0525; KUDOH C, 1992, INTERNAL MED, V31, P561, DOI 10.2169-internalmedicine.31.561; Lamb GD, 2000, CLIN EXP PHARMACOL P, V27, P216, DOI 10.1046-j.1440-1681.2000.03224.x; LANG RM, 1988, ANN INTERN MED, V108, P524; LAPPAS DG, 1975, SURG FORUM, V26, P234; LARNO S, 1980, J MOL CELL CARDIOL, V12, P955, DOI 10.1016-0022-2828(80)90024-3; Lehmann G, 2000, CHEST, V118, P260, DOI 10.1378-chest.118.1.260; LEVINE SN, 1985, AM J MED, V78, P1033, DOI 10.1016-0002-9343(85)90228-1; LONDON GM, 1987, KIDNEY INT, V32, P900, DOI 10.1038-ki.1987.293; Maiya S, 2008, HEART, V94, P581, DOI 10.1136-hrt.2007.119792; Mann DL, 2008, BRAUNWALDS HEART DIS, P541; MANO T, 1991, JPN J MED, V30, P464; Mavroudis Konstantinos, 2010, Clin Cardiol, V33, pE72, DOI 10.1002-clc.20512; Mikhail N, 2001, CONGEST HEART FAIL, V7, P256, DOI DOI 10.1111-J.1527-5299.2001.00278.X; NABAUER M, 1989, SCIENCE, V244, P800, DOI 10.1126-science.2543067; Najjar S S, 1967, J Med Liban, V20, P69; Puig-Domingo M, 2008, EUR J ENDOCRINOL, V159, P653, DOI 10.1530-EJE-08-0269; Rallidis LS, 1997, INT J CARDIOL, V61, P89, DOI 10.1016-S0167-5273(97)00124-1; RIMAILHO A, 1985, AM HEART J, V109, P611, DOI 10.1016-0002-8703(85)90579-4; Ringer S, 1883, J Physiol, V4, P29; Ruwende C, 2008, HURSTS HEART, P1339; SATO S, 1995, MINER ELECTROL METAB, V21, P67; Schluter KD, 1998, CARDIOVASC RES, V37, P34, DOI 10.1016-S0008-6363(97)00194-6; SCHUCK O, 1968, CAN J PHYSIOL PHARM, V46, P275; SMOGORZEWSKI M, 1993, AM J PHYSIOL, V264, pH1998; Solzbach U, 2010, HERZ, V35, P507, DOI 10.1007-s00059-010-3374-7; STULZ PM, 1979, J THORAC CARDIOV SUR, V78, P185; Sun YH, 2006, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V350, P942, DOI 10.1016-j.bbrc.2006.09.142; Sung Joong Kyung, 2010, J Cardiovasc Ultrasound, V18, P25, DOI 10.4250-jcu.2010.18.1.25; Suzuki T, 1998, CLIN CARDIOL, V21, P227; TAYLOR A, 1979, AM J PHYSIOL, V236, pF505; Tfelt-Hansen J, 2006, AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C, V290, pH1165; Tomar M, 2010, INDIAN PEDIATR, V47, P781, DOI 10.1007-s13312-010-0117-z; WALTERS RO, 1979, ARCH DIS CHILD, V54, P236; Wang R, 2003, EUR J BIOCHEM, V270, P2680, DOI 10.1046-j.1432-1033.2003.03645.x; Winer KK, 1996, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V276, P631, DOI 10.1001-jama.276.8.631; Winer KK, 1998, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V83, P3480, DOI 10.1210-jc.83.10.3480; Winer KK, 2003, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V88, P4214, DOI 10.1210-jc.2002-021736; Wynne J, 2008, HARRISONS PRINCIPLES, P148154
Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample
No full textThe study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors affecting moral judgements. Thus, we empirically tested the universality of the effects of intent and personal force on moral dilemma judgements by replicating the experiments of Greene et al. in 45 countries from all inhabited continents. We found that personal force and its interaction with intention exert influence on moral judgements in the US and Western cultural clusters, replicating and expanding the original findings. Moreover, the personal force effect was present in all cultural clusters, suggesting it is culturally universal. The evidence for the cultural universality of the interaction effect was inconclusive in the Eastern and Southern cultural clusters (depending on exclusion criteria). We found no strong association between collectivism/individualism and moral dilemma judgements. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited
