124,799 research outputs found
Fred Basolo (1920–2007): Coordination chemist par excellence
No full textOn February 27, 2007, Fred Basolo, Charles E. and Emma H. Morrison Professor of Chemistry Emeritus at Northwestern University, died of congestive heart failure at age 87 in Skokie, Illinois
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
MECHANISMS OTHER THAN POLYCLONAL B-CELL ACTIVATION POSSIBLY INVOLVED IN EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS-INDUCED AUTOIMMUNITY
No full textIn order to verify whether Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced polyclonal B cell activation is the major cause of autoimmunity during infectious mononucleosis (IM), we have investigated, by immunoblotting, the fine specificity of anti-smooth muscle autoantibodies (autoAbs) in the sera of IM patients. Furthermore, we have isolated a number of in vivo infected EBV-positive cell lines from a patient with IM and compared the reactivity of the secreted immunoglobulins (Igs) with that of serum autoAbs. The reactivity of anti-smooth muscle autoAbs was found to be closely restricted to three proteins of approximate molecular weights 54, 52 and 48 kD. Furthermore, none of 48 EBV-positive B cell lines shared any reactivity with serum autoantibodies. Taken together, these results suggest that EBV-induced autoimmunity is not a consequence of a random activation of B cells, but a specific phenomenon, requiring mechanisms other than polyclonal B cell activation
EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS-TRANSFORMED HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES-B ENDOCYTOSE AUTOLOGOUS AND HETEROLOGOUS RED BLOOD-CELLS
No full textEpstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B lymphocytes, either isolated from a patient with EBV-induced infectious mononucleosis or obtained by in vitro infection of B lymphocytes of donors in different clinical conditions, have been tested for the ability to endocytose particulate forms of antigens, such as human, sheep or mouse red blood cells. By light and electron microscopy, it has been found that EBV-transformed B cells are able to bind and internalize human autologous and allogeneic erythrocytes, as well as sheep and mouse erythrocytes, independent of the specificity of the secreted immunoglobulins. The ability of EBV-transformed B lymphocytes to endocytose and process particulate forms of autoantigens during infectious mononucleosis might have a role both in the production of heterophile antibodies and in EBV-induced autoimmunity
Pragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
Dr. Edwin Wright Collection: Author Unknown
Get PDFNotes - The author relates several short stories about his neighbours including Alex McDonell, homesteading and life around Meanook and Athabasca (1 page
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
b-Gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in human vulnerable carotid plaques.
No full textObjective: The atherosclerotic plaque that is vulnerable to rupture and to superimposed thrombosis is mainly represented by a thin-cap fibroatheroma with or without ulceration/thrombosis and inflammatory
infiltrates. Total serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity is an independent predictor for cardiovascular events. Four GGT fractions have been identified in plasma and only one of them (b-GGT) in atherosclerotic plaques, but the possible role of GGT in plaque pathophysiology has not been assessed yet. We investigated the relationships between plaque b-GGT activity and the histological features of plaque vulnerability.
Methods and results: Plaque GGT activity was investigated in 65 patients undergoing
carotid endarterectomy; plaques were histologically characterized and immunostained for GGT. Intra-plaque total and fractional GGT activity was determined by a cost-effective test of molecular size exclusion chromatography, and compared with histological markers of plaque vulnerability. Plaque cholesterol content was also measured by chromatography.
b-GGT was the only fraction detected within the atherosclerotic plaques and intra-plaque b-GGT activity correlated to plaque cholesterol content (r = 0.667, P < 0.0001), plasma b-GGT and f-GGT fractions (r = 0.249; r 1⁄4 0.298, both P < 0.05). Higher b- GGT activity was found in thin-cap fibroatheromas and it was associated to histological markers of vulnerable plaques, i.e., larger necrotic areas, greater macrophage infiltration and higher cholesterol content (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: intra-plaque b-GGT activity correlates with the histological markers of vulnerable plaque and with plasma b-GGT in human carotid atherosclerosis; these data support the possible role of b-GGT in clinically significant atherosclerotic disease
Early Adaptive Thermogenesis Is a Determinant of Weight Loss after Six Weeks of Caloric Restriction in Overweight Subjects
No full textBackground: Adaptive thermogenesis during prolonged energy deficit refers to the greater than expected reduction in energy expenditure (EE) independent of concomitant loss of metabolically active body mass.
Objective: As inter-individual variability in the magnitude of adaptive thermogenesis may influence the extent of energy deficit thereby predicting the amount of weight reduction, we investigated whether early adaptive thermogenesis is a determinant of weight loss after 6 weeks of daily 50% caloric restriction in an inpatient setting.
Design and methods: The current study report the results of an exploratory, secondary analysis in overweight but otherwise healthy subjects (n = 11, 7 men, 35 ± 9y, BMI = 40 ± 7 kg/m2, body fat = 63.3 ± 5.3%). Body composition and 24-h EE (24hEE) measurement in a whole-room indirect calorimeter were used to calculate the magnitude adaptive thermogenesis while on caloric restriction after 1, 3 and 6 weeks. Energy deficit during caloric restriction was quantified via food, stool, and urine bomb calorimetry. Fasting hormonal concentrations (FT4, FT3, FGF21, leptin) were obtained at baseline and at weeks 3 and 6 during caloric restriction.
Results: The magnitude of adaptive thermogenesis in 24hEE after 1 week of caloric restriction was -178 ± 137 kcal/day (mean ± SD), was overall stable during and following caloric restriction, and demonstrated remarkable intra-individual consistency. A relatively greater decrease in 24hEE of 100 kcal/d after 1 week was associated on average with reduced energy deficit by 8195 kcal over 6 weeks and predicted 2.0 kg less weight loss, of which 0.5 kg was fat mass, after 6 weeks. No correlations were found between hormonal concentrations and weight loss.
Conclusions: The extent of weight loss is influenced by the magnitude of adaptive thermogenesis in the early stage of caloric restriction. Although these results need replication in larger study groups with adequate statistical power, targeting adaptive thermogenesis may help to optimize long-term interventions in obesity therapy
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