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PENGARUH PERENDAMAN AIR GAMBUT DAN AIR GARAM TERHADAP NILAI KUAT TEKAN DAN ABSORPSI MORTAR YANG DISUBSTITUSI ABU SAWIT (PALM OIL FUEL ASH)
Full text linkAbstrak
Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang memiliki lahan gambut terbesar di dunia. Permasalahan yang mendasar adalah bahwa tidak semua proyek konstruksi di Indonesia berada pada daerah yang bebas dari pengaruh air gambut dan air garam, yang berpotensi merusak dan menyerang kalsium, mengurangi kekuatan dan mempercepat korosi mortar serta menyebabkan penurunan kuat tekan yang signifikan dalam jangka panjang. Penggunaan bahan tambahan seperti abu sawit (Palm Oil Fuel Ash) dapat meningkatkan ketahanan mortar dilingkungan agresif karena memiliki kandungan silika yang relative tinggi sehingga bila unsur ini dicampur dengan semen akan menghasilkan kekuatan mortar yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman air gambut dan air garam terhadap nilai kuat tekan dan absorpsi mortar yang di subtitusi abu sawit (Palm Oil Fuel Ash). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan uji coba atau eksperimen, pengujian kuat tekan yang dimodifikasi dengan penggunaan alat CBR (California Bearing Ratio). Variasi persentase abu sawit yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebesar 15% dari berat semen. Mortar tersebut dilakukan curing (dengan merendam benda uji dalam air) menggunakan air biasa, air gambut dan air garam dengan umur perendaman 28, 56 dan 90 hari. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah kuat tekan dan absorpsi (penyerapan). Hasilnya menunjukkan adanya pengaruh paparan air gambut dan air garam terhadap mortar, Dimana nilai kuat tekan tertinggi pada air gambut terdapat pada umur 56 hari sebesar 12,12 Mpa, dan nilai kuat tekan terendah pada air gambut terdapat pada umur 28 hari sebesar 9,81 Mpa. Sedangkan nilai kuat tekan tertinggi pada air garam terdapat pada umur 90 hari sebesar 11,67 Mpa, dan nilai kuat tekan terendah pada air garam terdapat pada umur 28 hari sebesar 10,58 Mpa. Sedangkan hasil nilai absorpsi tertinggi pada air gambut terdapat pada umur 28 hari sebesar 0,0212%, dan nilai absorpsi terendah pada air gambut terdapat pada umur 56 hari sebesar 0,0167%. Sedangkan nilai absorpsi tertinggi pada air garam terdapat pada umur 28 hari sebesar 0,0177%, dan nilai absorpsi terendah pada air garam terdapat pada umur 56 hari sebesar 0,0132%. Dilihat dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa mortar dengan variasi 15% abu sawit yang direndam air gambut lebih baik dibandingkan air garam dilihat dari nilai kuat tekan. Ditinjau terhadap klasifikasi mortar berdasarkan SNI-03-6882-2002 maka jenis mortar hasil penelitian ini berdasarkan nilai kuat tekannya masuk dalam (klasifikasi mortar tipe N).
Abstract
As one of the developing countries, Indonesia has a lot of peatlands and that makes it the largest in the world. The fundamental problem is that not all construction projects throughout Indonesia where the influence of peat water and salt water is absent, which has the potential to damage and attack calcium, reduce strength and accelerate mortar corrosion and cause a significant decrease in compressive strength in the long term. The use of additional materials such as palm oil fuel ash can increase the resistance of mortar in aggressive environments because it has a relatively high silica content so that if this element is mixed with cement it will produce higher mortar strength and resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine how soaking peat water and salt water affects the compressive strength and absorption values of mortar produced from palm oil fuel ash, also known as palm oil ash. Quantitative descriptive research is used with trials or experiments, compressive strength testing modified by using the CBR (California Bearing Ratio) tool. The variation in the percentage of palm ash used in this study is 15% of the weight of the cement. The mortar was cured (by soaking the test object in water) using ordinary water, peat water and salt water with a soaking age of 28, 56 and 90 days. This test uses strong pressure and absorption. The results show the influence of exposure to peat water and water with salt in mortar, where the highest peat water compressive strength value is at the age of 56 days at 12.12 Mpa, and peat water has the lowest pressure at the age of 28 days at 9.81 Mpa. While the highest compressive strength value of salt water is at the age of 90 days with a value of 11.67 Mpa, and salt water has the lowest pressure at the age of 28 days at 10.58 Mpa. While the highest absorption value in peat water is at the age of 28 days with a percentage of 0.0212%, and the lowest absorption value in peat water is at the age of 56 days at 0.0167%. Meanwhile, the highest absorption value in salt water was found at the age of 28 days, equivalent to a value of 0.0177%, and the lowest absorption value in salt water was found at the age of 56 days at 0.0132%. The results of the study allow us to conclude that mortar with a variation of 15% palm ash soaked in peat water is better than salt water in terms of compressive strength. Viewed and examined against the mortar classification according to SNI-03-6882-2002, the type of mortar found in this study is based on its compressive strength value included in (mortar classification type N)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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