1,721,050 research outputs found
Thyroid Enlargement from Newborn to Adolescent
No full textA thyroid enlargement , i.e., a goiter , may be due to many causes both congenital
and acquired and could be detected at any age during childhood and adolescence.
Goiters can be diffuse or nodular and associated with normal or altered thyroid
function. The thyroid enlargement may be caused by increased TSH secretion acting
as growth factor, by TSH receptor stimulating antibodies or by a TSH-independent
process, such as infl ammation or neoplastic or infi ltrative disease. The relative frequency
of the various forms varies according to the ag
The influence of growth hormone treatment on glucose homeostasis in growthhormone-deficient children: A six-year follow-up study
No full textBackground: Growth hormone (GH) influences glucose homeostasis by negatively affecting insulin sensitivity, leading to a compensatory increase in insulin secretion. It has recently been reported, in animals and humans, that GH might also stimulate insulin secretion by directly affecting the growth and function of pancreatic Î2-cells. The aim of this work was to longitudinally study the insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S), insulin secretion [insulinogenic index (IGI)] and capacity of Î2-cells to adapt to changes in insulin sensitivity [oral disposition index (ODI)] in GH-deficient (GHD) children under GH treatment. Methods: We studied 99 GHD (62 male, 37 female; age 8.9 ± 3.5 years) children for a median period of 6 years (range 1.5-16.2). Every year, our patients underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, which was used to calculate the HOMA-S, IGI and ODI. Results: Although HOMA-S remained unchanged, an increase in IGI and ODI was observed, becoming significant after 6 years of treatment (1.25 ± 1.28 vs. 2.35 ± 2.38, p < 0.05 and 0.57 ± 0.68 vs. 1.50 ± 1.92, p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Our results suggest a positive influence of GH treatment on the Î2-cell secretory capacity in children with GH deficiency
Omocisteina alta? Quello che il pediatra deve sapere
No full textHyperhomocysteinemia may cause concern to the paediatrician due to its correlation with increased cardiovascular risk. In paediatric age, the most common cause is a nutritional vitamin deficiency, particularly vitamin B12 or folate, which can be found in subjects who follow a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet or one devoid of animal-derived foods for socioeconomic, cultural, or religious reasons. Hyperhomocysteinemia is not uncommon in infants born to mothers with vitamin deficiency and such condition can lead to their neurodevelopmental impairment. Genetic causes are rare. Therefore, a correct diagnostic and therapeutic approach is essential, so that to allow the paediatrician to identify and manage most cases of hyperhomocysteinemia in the outpatient setting, as well as to recognize the red flags for severe disease that require a specialist evaluation
Thyroid status in children and adolescents after bone marrow transplantation(BMT) with and without total body irradiation (TBI)conditioning
No full textThe influence of gh treatment on glucose homeostasis in girls with turner syndrome: A 7-year study
No full textContext: Growth hormone (GH) influences glucose homeostasis mainly by negatively affecting insulin sensitivity. Objective: To longitudinally study insulin sensitivity [via homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S)], insulin secretion [insulinogenic index (IGI)], and capacity of b cells to adapt to changes in insulin sensitivity [oral disposition index (ODI)] in girls with Turner syndrome (TS) undergoing GH treatment. Design and Setting: Longitudinal, retrospective, 7-year study conducted in a tertiary pediatric endocrine unit and university pediatric clinic. Patients and Methods:We studied 104 patientswith TS (mean age6standard deviation, 9.163.4 years) for a median of 7.2 years. Intervention: Every year, the children underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, which was used to calculate HOMA-S, IGI, and ODI. Results: HOMA-S, IGI, and ODI did not significantly change. Conclusion: The results are reassuring, showing no negative influence of GH treatment on insulin sensitivity and on b-cell secretory capacity in girlswith TS
Adrenal crisis in infants and young children with adrenal insufficiency: Management and prevention
No full textBackground: Despite the optimization of replacement therapy, adrenal crises still represent life-threatening emergencies in many children with adrenal insufficiency.Objective: We summarized current standards of clinical practice for adrenal crisis and investigated the prevalence of suspected/incipient adrenal crisis, in relation to different treatment modalities, in a group of children with adrenal insufficiency.Results: Fifty-one children were investigated. Forty-one patients (32 patients <4 yrs and 9 patients >4 yrs) used quartered non-diluted 10 mg tablets. Two patients <4 yrs used a micronized weighted formulation obtained from 10 mg tablets. Two patients <4 yrs used a liquid formulation. Six patients >4 yrs used crushed non-diluted 10 mg tablets. The overall number of episodes of adrenal crisis was 7.3/patient/yr in patients <4yrs and 4.9/patient/yr in patients >4 yrs. The mean number of hospital admissions was 0.5/patient/yr in children <4 yrs and 0.53/patient/yr in children >4 yrs. There was a wide variability in the individual number of events reported. Both children on therapy with a micronized weighted formulation reported no episode of suspected adrenal crisis during the 6-month observation period.Conclusion: Parental education on oral stress dosing and switching to parenteral hydrocortisone when necessary are the essential approaches to prevent adrenal crisis in children
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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