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Jamal al-Din al-Afghani: His Reformist Ideas between India and Egypt
No full textشهدت الأمة الإسلامية في منتصف القرن التاسع عشر تحديات جسيمة، تزامنت مع ضعف الدولة العثمانية وتكالب قوى الاستعمار على العالم الإسلامي. سعت هذه القوى إلى تفكيك وحدة الأمة الإسلامية، ونشر الجهل والركود، وإخماد روح التقدم التي تقوم عليها الحضارات. في خضم هذه الظروف، برز جمال الدين الأفغاني كأحد أبرز رواد الإصلاح، حيث كرس حياته لاستنهاض الأمة الإسلامية، ومقاومة الاستعمار، ومواجهة الأنظمة المحلية المستبدة. كان هدفه إحياء روح النهضة في الشرق، وتأسيس جيل من القادة والمفكرين الذين عملوا على تثقيف المجتمع ومحاولة النهوض به وفق الإمكانات المتاحة.
يُعد جمال الدين الأفغاني رائدًا لحركة الإصلاح في العصر الحديث، ومن أبرز الداعين إلى وحدة الأمة الإسلامية. كانت رؤيته قائمة على تحرير الأمة من الاستعمار والاستغلال والغفلة، وبث وعي جديد يعزز من مكانتها الحضارية. من خلال أفكاره وأعماله، أسس لمنهج فكري وسياسي أصبح أساسًا لحركات الإصلاح التي جاءت بعده.
يتناول هذا البحث حياة جمال الدين الأفغاني وأثره الإصلاحي في العالم الإسلامي. ينقسم البحث إلى ثلاثة فصول: يتناول الفصل الأول سيرته الذاتية، بما في ذلك مولده، موطنه، نشأته، ووفاته. أما الفصل الثاني، فيستعرض تأثير عائلته عليه، وتعليمه، والظروف السياسية التي عاصرها. ويتطرق الفصل الثالث إلى جهوده الإصلاحية، مع التركيز على دوره في مصر، حيث يناقش الأوضاع السياسية والاقتصادية في تلك الفترة، وفكره في مقاومة الاستعمار، ونظام الحكم كما تصوره الأفغاني.
اعتمد البحث على مجموعة من المصادر والمراجع الأساسية، من أبرزها "الأعمال الكاملة لجمال الدين الأفغاني" بتحقيق محمد عمارة، و"العروة الوثقى" لجمال الدين الأفغاني ومحمد عبده، و"حقيقة جمال الدين الأفغاني" لميرزا لطف الله خان الأسد أبادي. واجهتني أثناء إعداد البحث تحديات تتعلق بتفسير النصوص الأصلية، التي تميزت أحيانًا بالغموض، بالإضافة إلى التباينات في المصادر حول موطنه وأصوله، مما حال دون التوصل إلى إجماع قاطع بشأن مسقط رأسه.
يسعى هذا البحث إلى تقديم صورة شاملة عن شخصية جمال الدين الأفغاني، وجهوده في الإصلاح، وتأثيره العميق على الفكر الإسلامي الحديث، ليكون نموذجًا يُستلهم في مواجهة التحديات الفكرية والسياسية الراهنة.In the mid-19th century, the Islamic nation faced significant challenges marked by the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the growing influence of colonial powers in the Muslim world. These powers sought to dismantle the unity of the Islamic nation, spread ignorance and stagnation, and suppress the spirit of progress that forms the foundation of civilizations. Amidst these circumstances, Jamal al-Din al-Afghani emerged as one of the most prominent reform leaders. He dedicated his life to awakening the Islamic nation, resisting colonialism, and confronting oppressive local regimes. His mission was to revive the spirit of progress in the East and to cultivate a generation of leaders and intellectuals who worked to educate society and elevate it within the available means.
Jamal al-Din al-Afghani is considered a pioneer of the modern reform movement and one of the most prominent advocates for the unity of the Islamic nation. His vision was based on liberating the nation from colonialism, exploitation, and negligence while promoting a new awareness that enhances its civilizational standing. Through his ideas and efforts, he laid the groundwork for a political and intellectual framework that became the foundation for subsequent reform movements.
This research examines the life of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and his reformative influence in the Islamic world. It is divided into three chapters: the first explores his biography, including his birth, origin, upbringing, and death. The second chapter focuses on the influence of his family, his education, and the political circumstances of his time. The third chapter delves into his reformative efforts, particularly his role in Egypt, addressing the political and economic conditions of the period, his views on resisting colonialism, and his perception of governance.
The study relied on a range of primary sources and references, notably The Complete Works of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani edited by Muhammad Amara, Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa by Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and Muhammad Abduh, and The Truth About Jamal al-Din al-Afghani by Mirza Lotfollah Khan Asad Abadi. During the preparation of this research, challenges arose in interpreting the original texts, which were sometimes characterized by ambiguity, as well as discrepancies among sources regarding his origin and homeland, which made it difficult to establish a definitive birthplace.
This study aims to provide a comprehensive view of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani's character, his reformative efforts, and his profound influence on modern Islamic thought, serving as a model for addressing contemporary intellectual and political challenges
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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