1,720,958 research outputs found
Le développement des transports routiers de voyageurs : l’exemple du Burkina Faso
No full textThe Development of a Public Road Transportation Means : the Example of Burkina Faso. An enclaved country, Burkina Faso has need of good roads in order to link up with its neighboring countries, especially with Ivory Coast where its «exit door», Abidjan, is located. Large construction projects conducted under a road system plan have been responsible for the asphalt surfacing of the main roads leading to foreign destinations, which in turn has brought about a rapid development of public transportation means On the other hand, the domestic road network, as is also the case for the auxiliary services (as, for example, road stations) still has a deplorable lack of facilities and easily useable roads. To respond to the increase in demand, the amount of public vehicles has increased both in number and in quality - more frequent runs on certain routes, a respect of time schedules, modern vehicles (air conditioned buses)- thus bringing to a near extinction the former (bush taxis). Competition has led to an important reduction in fares, which encourages a larger number of inhabitants to travel. Finally, certain accessory effects have appeared along the most travelled roads, in particular in the services (stores, repair garages, gas stations).Pays enclavé, le Burkina Faso a besoin de disposer de bonnes liaisons avec les pays voisins, notamment la Côte d’ivoire où se trouve sa “porte de sortie”, Abidjan. Des travaux importants menés dans le cadre d’un plan routier ont permis le bitumage des routes principales assurant les dessertes extérieures, ce qui a entraîné un développement rapide des transports de voyageurs. Par contre, le réseau intérieur, tout comme les structures d’accueil (ainsi les gares routières) présentent toujours des insuffisances notoires. Pour répondre à l’augmentation de la demande, l’offre de transport s’est accrue en nombre et en qualité -rythme élevé des départs sur certains trajets, respect des horaires, matériels roulants modernes (autobus climatisés)- amenant la quasi-disparition des traditionnels “taxis-brousse”. La concurrence a entraîné une baisse sensible des tarifs facilitant une plus grande mobilité des habitants. Enfin, certains effets induits sont apparus le long des itinéraires les plus fréquentés, en particulier dans les services (commerce, réparation, fourniture de carburant).Bamas Stanislas Marie Maximilien. Le développement des transports routiers de voyageurs : l’exemple du Burkina Faso. In: Aspects du développement économique d’un pays enclavé : le Burkina Faso. Talence : Centre de recherche sur les espaces tropicaux, 1998. pp. 83-98. (Pays enclavés
Les transports urbains à Ouagadougou : diagnostic et perspectives
No full textUrban transport in Ouagadougou : Diagnosis and Perspectives.
The urban growth of Ouagadougou creates lots of problems, and the transport issue stands out as a quite worrying one, since people need to move daily to go to work, to go shopping, to make visits, etc. Jobs, businesses, equipment, residential areas (basically the various urban functions : residential, political and administrative, commercial and cultural) are scattered throughout the city, which increases the number of city trips. Unlike many African capital cities, the means of transport in Ouagadougou are mainly individual ones, especially two-wheeled motorized vehicles - others include bicycles, private cars, and collective transport. Urban transports are at the centre of important economical stakes (socio-economical consequences, investment costs, tax income for the State and the city) and environmental issues (pollution linked with motorized transports). The diagnosis above states the need for the definition and the implementation of a real urban transport policy, as realistic as possible, and taking into account short and long term perspectives. This urban transport policy could be built around four main lines : institutional organization, financing and environment, complementarity between individual and collective transports.La croissance urbaine de Ouagadougou engendre de multiples problèmes. Celui des transports demeure l’un des plus préoccupants, dans la mesure où les hommes ont besoin de se déplacer quotidiennement pour des motifs aussi variés que le travail, les achats, les visites, etc. La dispersion dans la ville des emplois, des commerces, des équipements, des résidences, ou plus généralement la disposition spatiale des différentes fonctions urbaines (fonctions résidentielle, politico-administrative, commerciale et culturelle) les unes par rapport aux autres multiplie les déplacements urbains. Contrairement à de nombreuses capitales africaines, l’offre de transport de personnes à Ouagadougou est constituée essentiellement par des modes individuels, tout particulièrement les deux-roues motorisés. Viennent ensuite la bicyclette, la voiture particulière et les transports collectifs. Les transports urbains sont au centre d’importants enjeux économiques (retombées socioéconomiques, coûts d’investissement, recettes fiscales pour l’Etat et la commune) et environnementaux (pollution liée aux transports motorisés). Le diagnostic ci-dessus commande la définition et la mise en œuvre d’une véritable politique des transports urbains aussi réaliste que possible, en tenant compte des perspectives d’évolution à moyen et long termes. La politique de transports urbains pourrait se structurer autour de quatre principaux axes : l’organisation institutionnelle, le financement et l’environnement des transports urbains, puis la complémentarité entre transports individuels et transports collectifs.Bamas Stanislas Marie Maximilien. Les transports urbains à Ouagadougou : diagnostic et perspectives. In: Études urbaines à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Talence : Centre de recherche sur les espaces tropicaux, 2003. pp. 59-90. (Pays enclavés
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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