1,721,408 research outputs found
What does postprandial hyperglycaemia mean?
No full textAIMS: The potential importance of postprandial glucose (PPG) control in the development of complications in Type 2 diabetes is much debated. The recent American Diabetes Association (ADA) consensus statement discussed the role of postprandial hyperglycaemia in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications and concluded that the relationship between PPG excursions and the well-established risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) should be further examined. Using the ADA statement as a starting point and including the more recent American College of Endocrinology guidelines on glycaemic control, a panel of experts in diabetes met to review the role of PPG within the context of the overall metabolic syndrome, in the development of complications in Type 2 diabetes.
RESULTS: Post-prandial hyperglycaemia is a risk indicator for micro- and macrovascular complications, not only in patients with Type 2 diabetes but also in those with impaired glucose tolerance. In addition, the metabolic syndrome confers an increased risk of CVD morbidity and mortality. The debate focused on the relative contributions of postprandial hyperglycaemia, the metabolic syndrome and, in particular, raised triglyceride levels in the postprandial state, to the development of cardiovascular complications of diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS: The panel recommended that in the prevention and management of microvascular complications of Type 2 diabetes, targeting both chronic and acute glucose fluctuations is necessary. Lowering the macrovascular risk also requires control of (postprandial) triglyceride levels and other components of the metabolic syndrom
Effect of habitual physical activity measured by accelerometer on carotid and cardiac structure and function
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
In healthy untrained subjects, bouts of moderate-vigorous physical activity are associated with increase in LV mass and decrease in plasma levels of adiponectin and leptin
No full textTissue characterization of intima-media complex of common carotid artery in healthy population.
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Physical activity and insulin sensitivity: the RISC study
No full textOBJECTIVE—Physical activity is a modifiable risk factor for
type 2 diabetes, partly through its action on insulin sensitivity.
We report the relation between insulin sensitivity and physical
activity measured by accelerometry.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This is a cross-sec-
tional study of 346 men and 455 women, aged 30–60 years,
without cardiovascular disease and not treated by drugs for
diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or obesity. Participants
were recruited in 18 clinical centers from 13 European countries.
Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglyce-
mic clamp. Physical activity was recorded by accelerometry for
a median of 6 days. We studied the relationship of insulin
sensitivity with total activity (in counts per minute), percent of
time spent sedentary, percent of time in light activity, and activity
intensity (whether the participant recorded some vigorous or
some moderate activity).
RESULTS—In both men and women, total activity was associ-
ated with insulin sensitivity (P 0.0001). Time spent sedentary,
in light activity, and activity intensity was also associated with
insulin sensitivity (P 0.0004/0.01, 0.002/0.03, and 0.02/0.004,
respectively, for men/women) but lost significance once adjusted
for total activity. Adjustment for confounders such as adiposity
attenuated the relationship with total activity; there were no
interactions with confounders. Even in the 25% most sedentary
individuals, total activity was significantly associated with better
insulin sensitivity (P 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS—Accumulated daily physical activity is a ma-
jor determinant of insulin sensitivity. Time spent sedentary, time
spent in light-activity, and bouts of moderate or vigorous activity
did not impact insulin sensitivity independently of total activit
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