1,721,003 research outputs found
Bottega artigianale e innovazione tecnologica: verso una transizione della cultura materiale e immateriale
No full textLong-term effects of crop rotation, manure and mineral fertilisation on carbon sequestration and soil fertility
No full textCarbon sequestration, recently advocated to mitigate climate change, needs a thorough knowledge of the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC), whose study requires long-term experiments. A field trial started in 1967 is still in progress in the Southeast Po valley (Italy). It compares a 9-year rotation (corn-wheat-corn-wheat-corn-wheat-alfalfa-alfalfa-alfalfa), two 2-year successions (corn-wheat and sugarbeet-wheat), continuous corn and continuous wheat. During the first 18 years (up to 1984) wheat crops were always followed by catch crops of silage corn. Within each rotation, three rates of cattle manure have been factorially combined with three mineral NP rates. In 1984 the highest manure application was stopped. Wheat straw and corn stalks have always been removed from the field. Since 1972 up to now every year we have determined the organic C and total N contents in soil samples collected from 0.40-m depth. During the first 18 years (in the presence of the catch crop) SOC exponentially declined, probably as a consequence of the intensification of tillage depth and crop succession with respect to the previous conventional agriculture. The intensification regarded ploughing, which became deeper, the number of cropped species that in most treatments was reduced, and mineral N application, which, on average, increased. The drop was faster in the sugarbeet-wheat succession than in the 9-yr rotation and continuous wheat. After 1985, without the catch crop, SOC linearly increased, faster in the 9-yr rotation and continuous wheat than in sugarbeet-wheat. The results can be ascribed to the amount and C/N ratio of debris remaining in the field after each crop, even after having taken away wheat straw and corn stalks. The debris consisted of sugarbeet tops, with a low C/N ratio, and of roots and basal culms of the two cereal crops with higher C/N ratio. Mineral fertilizers significantly increased SOC, probably for the greater amount of cereal roots and sugarbeet tops in more fertilized plots. The influence of manure was less intense, but its benefits lasted longer than 18 years after its interruption. Soil N content was more related to accumulated organic matter than to mineral N fertilisation. In conclusion the highest C sequestration was obtained with manure addition, with the highest rate of mineral fertilizers, and in the rotation containing the alfalfa ley. The effects of these factors were not additive
Use of dominance analysis in selecting the best cropping technique based on long term agronomic experiments
No full textYield averages and variability from three long-term agronomic experiments (LTAEs) have been used in a preference scheme for cropping system options by means of a dominance approach. Preference maps are obtained and include both parametric and stochastic dominance based on yield level and risk for wheat and maize crops grown in the Mediterranean area. Dominance method could add to classic ANOVA the direction of the effect of a treatment and a comparative approach. It allowed comparing technical options and practices on the basis of treatments explored in 3 still running LTAEs: rotation, tillage, mineral fertilisation level and organic amendment
Climate Change in SSN, WeMO and Grain Production Fluctuations
No full textFifty-years time series of Sun Spot Number, Western Mediterranean Oscillation Index, Italiangrain productions of Wheat and Maize, and those from a Long Term Agronomic Experimentheld in Bologna, have been compared to identify trends and fluctuations. Data, denoisedby EMD and SSA, are analysed by wavelet technique, showing how SSN oscillations affectregional scale dynamics, where in the last two decades a range of fluctuations (7–16 years)is also evident. Both signals also reflects on yield fluctuations of Wheat and Maize at bothnational and local level, as is evidenced by cross-wavelet analysis. Results are useful forproduction forecasts and risk analysis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Depression, anxiety and abnormal illness behaviour during perinatal period: correlations between mothers and fathers.
No full textDepression, anxiety and abnormal illness behaviour during perinatal period: correlations between mothers and fathers
Introduction During perinatal period the parent's emotional states are significantly linked and an important function of the father seems to be provision of a secure base for the mother. In fact, anxious or depressed fathers can be a handicap for the emotional equilibrium of their companion.
Method To better understand the possible effects of parental affective symptoms and illness behaviour on the couple relationships and on the partner's mental state, the authors studied a sample of 50 couples assessed from the second trimester of pregnancy to the first trimester after delivery. On four occasions (at the 5th and 8th month of pregnancy, on the 3rd-6th day after delivery and at the 3rd month after delivery) all the subjects were asked to fill out the following questionnaires: the Illness Behaviour Questionnaire (IBQ), the Symptom Questionnaire (SQ), the CES-D and a Psychosocial Couple Questionnaire.
Results Statistical analysis outlined that during pregnancy up to the puerperium fathers suffer from emotional alterations with oscillations that are correlated with the maternal suffering. The fathers whose partners have been diagnosed with an affective alteration during post-partum (maternity blues or post-partum depression) are more depressed (p= .01), anxious (p= .02) and show higher levels of somatization (p= .05) and hypochondria (p= .03). They tend to manifest their suffering with somatic complains (p= .001), to be less involved in the delivery and absent at the partum moment (p= .001) and to worry about their health condition and paternal role.
Conclusions In our sample the partners of women who undergo depressive post-partum symptoms differ significantly from the controls and manifest more anxiety and depression, or increased affective disorders already at the fifth month of pregnancy. Psychological interventions in the affective troubles during pregnancy and puerperium would therefore concern both parents
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