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18 YÜZYIL İNGİLİZ ŞARKİYATÇILIĞINA YENİ BİR BAKIŞ
No full text Özet18. Yüzyıl İngiliz Edebiyatı’nda Osmanlı Doğu dünyasına karşı artan bir ilgi vardır. Bu dönemde sadece Osmanlı-Doğu dünyasını ele alan yeni bazı yazın türleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Sözde-doğu mektupları ve doğu hikâyeleri olarak tanımlanan bu yeni türler geleneksel şarkiyatçı yaklaşıma meydan okuyan yeni bir şarkiyatçı bakış açısı ortaya koyar. Sözde-doğu mektupları İtalyan yazar Jean Paulo Marana’nın 1684 yılında basılan Türk Casusu ile ün kazanmış ve Avrupalı yazarlar tarafından taklit edilmiştir. Fransa’da Montesquieu, İran Mektupları (1721) ile, İngiltere’de Oliver Goldsmith Citizen of the World (1728) ile bu yeni türü kendilerine uyarlamışlardır. Sözde-doğu Mektuplarında anlatıcının kullandığı maske, yazarın kimliğini de gizlemiştir. Bu sayede metnin gerçek yazarı uzak bir bakış açısı kullanarak siyasi ve sosyal yozlaşmaları özgürce eleştirebilmiştir. Bu türden sonra İngiliz yazarların Osmanlı-doğu dünyasına olan ilgisi Binbir Gece Masalları’nın çevirisi ile birlikte artarak devam etmiştir. Dönemin önemli yazarları konusu veya bağlamı doğu olan hikâyeler yazdılar. Örneğin, Samuel Johnson bunlardan bir tanesidir. Bu türlerin Doğu dünyasını daha detaylı ve yakından yansıtması sayesinde 18. yüzyıl İngiliz yazarlar Osmanlı-Doğusu’na daha entelektüel ve daha az önyargı ile bakmaya başlamışlardır. Bu bakış açısı Edward Said’in Orientalism [Şarkiyatçılık] adlı eserinde anlatılan geleneksel Batılı yaklaşımdan daha farklı bir bakış açısı ortaya koymaktadır. Biz bu makalemizde 18. yüzyıl Sözde-doğu Mektupları, Doğu Hikayeleri ve Gezi Edebiyatı türlerinde Osmanlı-Doğusuna nasıl bakıldığını ve bu bakışın geleneksel Şarkiyatçı Avrupalı bakış açısından nasıl farklılık gösterdiğini inceleyeceğiz. Abstract In English literature there is an increasing interest in the Ottoman-orient during the 18th century. New literary genres that mainly deal with the Ottoman-Orient begin to appear in this period. Such new genres known as pseudo-oriental letters and oriental tales create a new perspective and challenge the traditional orientalist one. Pseudo-oriental letters become popular after the publication of Jean Paulo Marana’s Turkish Spy in 1684 and the genre is imitated by European writers. Montesquieu, in France, writes Persian Letters (1721); Oliver Goldsmith in England re-appropriates the genre in The Citizen of the World (1728). The mask used in the genre conceals the actual identity of the author. Thus, using a distant perspective the actual author of the text is able to criticize political and social corruptions freely. English writers interest in the Ottoman-orient continues to increase, after Pseudo-oriental Letters, with the translation of Thousand One Night Tales. Contemporary English authors produce works which either deal with the Orient or stories that take place in it. For instance, Samuel Johnson is one of them. These genres reflect the Orient from an intimate perspective. Therefore, 18th century English writers develop less prejudice and more intellectual tendency toward the Ottoman-orient. The present perspective is different from the traditional orientalist approach presented in Said’s Orientalism (1978). This article aims to explore how 18th century genres such as Pseudo-oriental letters, oriental tales and travel literature represent the Ottoman Orient and how such representation is different from the traditional European Orientalist Perspective. </p
Challenge to temporality, search for the sublimity; mystic quest of the narrator in William Beckford’s excursion to grand chartreuse (1779)
No full textWilliam Beckford was born into a wealthy and politically prominent family on September 28, 1760. His father represented London in Parliament and became twice a Mayor of London. After his father’s death, he became the wealthiest son of England. He fell in love with Lord Courtenay of Powderham’s cousin William which ended his political career with Lord Loughborough’s rumor that Beckford was seen through a keyhole at Powderham Castle in sodomy with his nephew, William Courtenay. After this incident, he was excluded from political life and polite society (Tinker). Then, he traveled to Grand Chartreuse in Switzerland where he wrote Excursion to Grand Chartreuse (1779). His reflections in the letters from the Excursion to Grand Chartreuse, display the profound effect of the temporal time upon the mind of the author. It is obvious from the letters that the narrator tries to escape from the limit of physical time [life] and space [society]. This paper aims to discuss the effect of time on Beckford in the letters
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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