1,688 research outputs found
Schermi. Immagini, corpi, condivisioni
No full textIn this book the author investigates the digital image proliferation of our times from an interdisciplinary point of view. Starting from the Visual Culture theoretical frame, Valentina Mignano explores the ways in which we interact with the screen, dealing with the "screen experience" in the first years of the network societ
What Are the Effects of Vitamin A Oral Supplementation in the Prevention and Management of Viral Infections? A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
No full textVitamin A (VA) deficiency is associated with increased host susceptibility to infections, but evidence on its role in the prevention and management of viral infections is still lacking. This review aimed at summarizing the effects of VA supplementation against viral infections to support clinicians in evaluating supplemental treatments. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Randomized clinical trials comparing the direct effects of VA oral supplementation in any form vs. placebo or standard of care in the prevention and/or management of confirmed viral infections in people of any age were included. A narrative synthesis of the results was performed. The revised Cochrane Risk-Of-Bias tool was used to assess quality. Overall, 40 articles of heterogeneous quality were included. We found data on infections sustained by Retroviridae (n = 17), Caliciviradae (n = 2), Flaviviridae (n = 1), Papillomaviridae (n = 3), Pneumoviridae (n = 4), and Paramyxoviridae (n = 13). Studies were published between 1987 and 2017 and mostly conducted in Africa. The findings were heterogeneous across and within viral families regarding virological, immunological, and biological response, and no meaningful results were found in the prevention of viral infections. For a few diseases, VA-supplemented individuals had a better prognosis and improved outcomes, including clearance of HPV lesions or reduction in some measles-related complications. The effects of VA oral supplementation seem encouraging in relation to the management of a few viral infections. Difference in populations considered, variety in recruitment and treatment protocols might explain the heterogeneity of the results. Further investigations are needed to better identify the benefits of VA administration
sj-docx-1-tag-10.1177_17562848211072412 – Supplemental material for Effectiveness of ustekinumab in patients with refractory Crohn’s disease: a multicentre real-life study in Italy
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-tag-10.1177_17562848211072412 for Effectiveness of ustekinumab in patients with refractory Crohn’s disease: a multicentre real-life study in Italy by Maria Lia Scribano, Annalisa Aratari, Benedetto Neri, Cristina Bezzio, Paola Balestrieri, Valentina Baccolini, Giuliano Falasco, Caterina Camastra, Paolo Pantanella, Rita Monterubbianesi, Alessandro Tullio, Simone Saibeni, Claudio Papi, Livia Biancone, Rocco Cosintino and Roberto Faggiani in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology</p
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN MARAMURES COUNTY
No full textInitiating and developing a business involves a considerable risk and a sustained effort in order to defeat the inertia against what is new. The person initiating a business, assuming the responsibility and risk of its development and benefiting from theentrepreneurship, female entrepreneurship, profit, businesses
Interventions to prevent Neonatal Healthcare-associated Infection: a systematic review of RCT
No full textIncreasing subnational commitment for measles and rubella elimination: the role of regional reports
No full textIssue/problem
To assess the progress towards measles and rubella elimination in the WHO European Region, the National Verification Committee of each Member State is requested to submit an annual status report (ASR) to the WHO Verification Commission for review and evaluation. Documentation required for Italian ASR are provided by the Ministry of Health, the National Institute of Health, and the 21 Regions. However, these ASR do not allow Regions to understand deeply their situation in the elimination process.
Description of the problem
The aim of this project is to produce regional synthetic annual reports, using the same data sources of the national ASR, that are sent to Regions to give them feedback about their progress towards elimination. A set of indicators has been identified within the framework of the national ASR. A green or red flag has been assigned to each indicator when regional data are better or worse than the national average, respectively. Where available, international targets were provided.
Results
In 2014 the incidence of measles and rubella in Italy was respectively 27 and 0.4 per million population. For all Regions coverage for both 1st and 2nd doses of routine measles and rubella vaccines was below the target of 95%. Analyzing those Regions with a percentage of red flags higher than the average percentage of red flags of the country, it emerged that 6/8 Regions were in the South of Italy (75%), 4/9 in the North (44.4%) and 1/4 in the Centre (25%).
Lessons
Regional reports are a valid tool to enhance the verification process at the sub-national level and may encourage regional and local authorities to implement appropriate strategies to remove barriers to the elimination goals. Southern Regions of Italy need to increase their efforts compared to other Regions.
Key messages:
In line with WHO recommendations to reinforce the commitment of the 21 Italian Regions, regional reports are able to provide Regions with detailed information about their progress and critical issues
Regions of South Italy should mobilize better their financial, technical and human resources to achieve the elimination goals
Molecular surveillance of A. Baumannii in intensive care units. Exploration of transmission chains
No full textBackground
Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-Ab) is one of the main causes of healthcare associated infections (HAIs). During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic there was an increase in MDR-Ab infections, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). This study aimed to assess the potential spread or emergence of specific clusters of MDR-Ab across four different ICUs at the Umberto I teaching hospital of Rome.
Methods
From January 2020 to January 2022 microbiological surveillance was conducted in four ICUs: two dedicated to COVID-19 patients (ICU-1C, ICU-2C) and two to non-COVID-19 patients (ICU-1R, ICU-2R). The genetic relatedness between A. baumannii isolates was assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Illumina whole genome sequencing was conducted on 26 representative isolates.
Results
In total, 178 A. baumannii isolates were obtained from 129 COVID-19 patients and 49 non-COVID-19 patients. The isolates were classified into 17 PFGE pulsotypes, being two major (A, B) and five intermediate (C, D, E, H, Q). Clone A was present in all ICUs, while Clone B was present only in ICU-1C and ICU-2R. Overall, 117 isolates belonged to clone A and exhibited a MDR phenotype; all of them were placed within the international clonal lineage II. All isolates showed carbapenems resistance primarily attributed to the presence of the blaOXA-23 gene, while aminoglycosides resistance observed in almost all isolates was attributed to the presence of the armA gene. Small outbreaks involving intermediate pulsotypes were detected between ICU-1R and ICU-2R, ICU-1C and ICU-2R, ICU-1C and ICU-2C, ICU-1C and ICU-1R.
Conclusions
The observed outbreaks could be attributed to a decline in attention to normal care practices for the prevention of HAIs during the COVID-19 pandemic, favouring the spread of MDR-Ab. Therefore, it is recommended the strengthen of control measures and the implementation of long-term strategies targeting MDR microorganisms in the ICUs
The end of measles and congenital rubella: an achievable dream?
No full textDespite substantial progress towards measles and rubella control, outbreaks continue to threaten elimination goals worldwide
The use of initial tocolysis and maintenance tocolysis in preterm birth : guideline-based approach or off-label use - a survey on the current application in Switzerland
No full textAuthor Valentina Schedl, BscMasterarbeit Universität Linz 202
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