1,720,977 research outputs found
<Articles>The Court Cuisine of the Rasūlids in the 13th Century (Special Issue : Food)
No full text一三世紀から一五世紀にかけて、インド洋西海域・西アジア・北東アフリカの人・物・情報が行き交うイエメンを支配するラスール朝が栄えた。本稿では、ラスール朝の一三世紀の宮廷料理について、同時代他地域や後代に見られる料理との比較を行いつつ、考察した。宮廷食材については、イエメンの市井の人々の食事と比べると、ミレットやソルガム、魚の使用が限られている一方で、羊や香料・香辛料の登場が目立つ。香辛料をふんだんに使った肉料理や、甘酸っぱい煮込み肉料理、エジプトに由来する甘菓子などは、同時代のエジプトやイラクの料理書にも登場する。一五世紀以降、トマトなどの食材が流入したことで西アジアの料理は一変したが、そうした変化を被らなかったパン類については、一三世紀でも現代でも、同じ名称のものが確認される。一三世紀のラスール朝宮廷料理は単独で成立したわけではなく、西アジアの食の伝統の一端を担うものである。From the 13th to the 15th century, the Rasūlids ruled over Yemen where people, commodities, and information flowed from the western Indian Ocean, West Asia, and Northeast Africa. This paper examines the court cuisine of the Rasūlids in the 13th century, comparing it with the cuisine in other regions of the same and later periods. As for the ingredients in court cooking, millet, sorghum and fish rarely appeared in Arabic books and there was limited opportunity for their use, while mutton and spices were heavily employed compared to the meals of Yemen's ordinary people. Meat dishes that used spices abundantly, sweet and sour stewed meat dishes, and sweets that originated in Egypt also appeared in contemporary Egyptian and Iraqi cookbooks. After the 15th century, the influx of ingredients such as tomatoes changed Western Asian cuisine completely. However, breads, which maintain the same name today did not undergo such changes, and they can be seen today, just as they were in the 13th century. Rasūlid court cuisine in the 13th century was not established independently but was a part of the culinary culture of West Asia
<Note>Cooking Ingredients of the Rasūlid Court during the 13th Century : Their Relation to the Indian Ocean Trade
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Yemen under the Rasūlids during the 13th Century
No full textLe Yémen sous les Rassoulides (626/1228–858/1454) a été souvent étudié par les chercheurs travaillant sur le commerce de l’océan Indien. Cependant, nous ne connaissons encore que peu les activités économiques sur place en raison du manque de sources historiques suffisantes.Dans cet article, nous analysons les caractéristiques des régions du Yémen en nous appuyant sur une source historique nouvelle, le Nūr al‑Ma‘ārif fī Nuẓum wa‑Qawānīn wa‑A‘rāf al‑Yaman fī l‑‘Ahd al‑Muẓaffarī al‑Wārif, trouvée dans une bibliothèque privée à Sanaa et éditée par Muḥammad ‘Abd al‑Raḥīm Ğāzim. Son texte livre des informations détaillées sur l’histoire régionale du Yémen durant le règne du Sulṭān al‑Malik al‑Manṣūr ‘Umar (r. 626/1228–647/1249), du Sulṭān al‑Malik al‑Muẓaffar Yūsuf (r. 647/1249–694/1295) et du Sulṭān al‑Malik al‑Ašraf ‘Umar (r. 694/1295–696/1296).Nous nous concentrons en particulier ici sur l’origine de l’approvisionnement en ingrédients de cuisine pour la cour et mettons en lumière de nouveaux aspects de l’activité économique, tels que les produits en provenance de diverses régions et leur répartition à l’intérieur du Yémen rassoulide, au xiiie siècle.Yemen under the Rasūlids (626/1228–858/1454) has been frequently studied by researchers of Indian Ocean trade. However, we do not know about the economic activities there due to the lack of sufficient historical sources.In this paper, we analyzed the features of regions in Yemen based on a new historical source, which is entitled Nūr al‑Ma‘ārif fī Nuẓum wa‑Qawānīn wa‑A‘rāf al‑Yaman fīl‑‘Ahd al‑Muẓaffarī al‑Wārif by editor Muḥammad ‘Abd al‑Raḥīm Ğāzim, found in a private library in Ṣan‘ā’. This text has wide‑ranging content relating to the regional history of Yemen during the reigns of Sulṭān al‑Malik al‑Manṣūr ‘Umar (r. 626/1228–647/1249), Sulṭān al‑Malik al‑Muẓaffar Yūsuf b. ‘Umar (r. 647/1249–694/1295), and Sulṭān al‑Malik al‑Ašraf ‘Umar b. Yūsuf (r. 694/1295–696/1296). We particularly focused on the supply origin of court cooking ingredients and discussed the details of new aspects of economic activities, such as special products from various regions and their distribution in Yemen under the Rasūlids during the 13th century
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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