181 research outputs found
Assessing the Appropriateness of Formulations on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children: Development of a Paediatric Quality Target Product Profile Tool
No full textThe World Health Organization’s Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (EMLc) presents a list of the most efficacious, safe, and cost-effective medicines for priority conditions, intended for use in children up to 12 years of age. However, gaps in global availability and use of age-appropriate formulations of medicines for children still exist. To address these shortcomings, a comprehensive analysis of the appropriateness of formulations of essential medicines for children is being undertaken through the Global Accelerator for Paediatric Formulations (GAP-f) network, a WHO network launched in 2020 to respond to the paediatric treatment gap. This article describes the development and application of a paediatric Quality Target Product Profile (pQTPP) tool by WHO, to retrospectively evaluate the paediatric age-appropriateness of formulations on the EMLc and identify potential formulation gaps, to inform the review of the EMLc in 2023. A combination of paediatric-centric and global health-focused attributes and targets were defined, taking into consideration regulatory agency paediatric development guidelines and literature sources, and a qualitative scoring system was developed and tested. Example evaluations of paracetamol and clofazimine are provided, illustrating the tool’s use. The assessment of EMLc formulations is ongoing and shortcomings and gaps in EMLc formulations have already been identified. The pQTTP tool may also be applied to national lists and prospectively when designing new paediatric formulations
Long-range QKD without trusted nodes is not possible with current technology
No full textAuthor correction DOI 10.1038/s41534-022-00660-xBUS/SpiderQID/Tittel LabQuantum Communications La
Grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluations concept 7: issues and insights linking guideline recommendations to trustworthy essential medicine lists
No full textObjectives: Guidelines and essential medicine lists (EMLs) bear similarities and differences in the process that lead to decisions. Access to essential medicines is central to achieve universal health coverage. The World Health Organization (WHO) EML has guided prioritization of essential medicines globally for nearly 50 years, and national EMLs (NEMLs) exist in over 130 countries. Guideline and EML decisions, at WHO or national levels, are not always coordinated and aligned. We sought to explore challenges, and potential solutions, for decision-making to support trustworthy medicine selection for EMLs from a Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) Working Group perspective. We primarily focus on the WHO EML; however, our findings may be applicable to NEML decisions as well. Study design and setting: We identified key challenges in connecting the EML to health guidelines by involving a broad group of stakeholders and assessing case studies including real applications to the WHO EML, South Africa NEML, and a multiple sclerosis guideline connected to a WHO EML application for multiple sclerosis treatments. To address challenges, we utilized the results of a survey and feedback from the stakeholders, and iteratively met as a project group. We drafted a conceptual framework of challenges and potential solutions. We presented a summary of the results for feedback to all attendees of the GRADE Working Group meetings in November 2022 (approximately 120 people) and in May 2023 (approximately 100 people) before finalizing the framework. Results: We prioritized issues and insights/solutions that addressed the connections between the EML and health guidelines. Our suggested solutions include early planning alignment of guideline groups and EMLs, considering shared participation to strengthen linkage, further clarity on price/cost considerations, and using explicit shared criteria to make guideline and EML decisions. We also provide recommendations to strengthen the connection between WHO EML and NEMLs including through contextualization methods. Conclusion: This GRADE concept article, jointly developed by key stakeholders from the guidelines and EMLs field, identified key conceptual issues and potential solutions to support the continued advancement of trustworthy EMLs. Adopting structured decision criteria that can be linked to guideline recommendations bears the potential to advance health equity and gaps in availability of essential medicines within and between countries
<b>Aaron D. Purcell.</b> <i>Academic Archives: Managing the Next Generation of College and University Archives, Records, and Special Collections</i>. Chicago: Neal-Schuman, 2012. xx, 314p. $95 (ISBN 978-1555707699).
No full textThis title first attracted my attention when mentioned in the April issue of American Libraries. The mention was only a sentence, but, as it expanded on the title, I read it to herald a gutsy author willing to profile the emerging academy, predict the records it will produce, and outline a scheme (or schemes) to manage them. I was disabused when the review copy arrived. Mr. Purcell acknowledges that colleges and universities face challenges today but offers no particular insight as to where the sector is headed—up, down, or out. Economics and digitization, it seems, may force cosmetic change . . .</jats:p
'A five-day course of oral antibiotics followed by faecal transplantation to eradicate carriage of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae' - Author's reply.
No full textAuthor response image 1.
No full textUnderstanding the molecular basis that underlies the expansion of the neocortex during primate, and notably human, evolution requires the identification of genes that are particularly active in the neural stem and progenitor cells of the developing neocortex. Here, we have used existing transcriptome datasets to carry out a comprehensive screen for protein-coding genes preferentially expressed in progenitors of fetal human neocortex. We show that 15 human specific genes exhibit such expression, and many of them evolved distinct neural progenitor cell type expression profiles and levels compared to their ancestral paralogs. Functional studies on one such gene, NOTCH2NL, demonstrate its ability to promote basal progenitor proliferation in mice. An additional 35 human genes with progenitor-enriched expression are shown to have orthologs only in primates. Our study provides a resource of genes that are promising candidates to exert specific, and novel, roles in neocortical development during primate, and notably human, evolution
Representación visual en dos novelas latinoamericanas: Elogio de la madrastra y keres cojer? = guan tu fak
No full textThis thesis investigates the role of visual imagery in two Latin American novels. The first, Elogio de la madrastra, is set in modern Lima. A young boy, Fonchito, seduces his step-mother, Lucrecia, throughout the course of the novel, until the two embark on a sexual relationship. Meanwhile, this relationship is unbeknownst to Don Rigoberto, Fonchito's father and Lucrecia's husband, until the final chapter when Fonchito reveals to him their secret relationship. Don Rigoberto quickly becomes outraged with Lucrecia, and forces her to leave the family.\ud
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Keres cojer? = guan tu fak is likened to Elogio firstly by the wild sexual episodes that two cousins, Vanesa and Ruth, recount to one another. Set in present-day Buenos Aires, Vanesa is a transvestite prostitute whose life goes wild when her estranged brother, El Toro, shows up one day seeking a hiding place to escape drug lords. While caring for her brother, Vanesa becomes caught up in his problems, and witnesses El Toro's eventual murder. Through digital communications (namely chats) with Ruth, we learn about Lucrecia's problems and desire to escape Argentina and make a life for herself in the United States.\ud
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Aside from narrative similarities, the theme that truly unites these two novels is the role of visual representation in the texts. In Elogio, six chapters are seemingly unrelated to the primary story of the family, and contain reproductions of famous paintings. In Cojer, various points in the text direct the author to view videos online, which are hosted on the publisher's website, that correspond to scenes from the novel itself. This thesis examines the role of these visual representations, and their relationships with the primary narratives
Acute care of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: practical consensus statement from a multidisciplinary group of German-speaking neurointensivists and neuroradiologists on behalf of the DIVI neurology section.
No full textKollmar R, Huttner HB, Ozpeynirci Y, et al. Acute care of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: practical consensus statement from a multidisciplinary group of German-speaking neurointensivists and neuroradiologists on behalf of the DIVI neurology section. Neurological research and practice. 2025;7(1): 54.BACKGROUND: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a critical condition requiring multidisciplinary management, particularly in the intensive care setting. Despite existing guidelines, gaps in evidence and variability in practice remain, necessitating practical, consensus-driven recommendations for acute care and management.; OBJECTIVE: To develop comprehensive, practical consensus statement for the acute management of aSAH, addressing high- and low-evidence areas, through a modified Delphi consensus approach among German-speaking neurointensivists and neuroradiologists.; METHODS: Senior experts from neurology, neurosurgery, neurocritical care, and interventional neuroradiology were selected for their academic and clinical expertise. The consensus process included iterative rounds of Delphi surveys, a face-to-face meeting, and online discussions. Consensus statements were formulated based on literature review, expert input, and iterative validation, with a consensus threshold of≥70% agreement.; RESULTS: The group reached consensus on key aspects of aSAH management, including diagnostic protocols, invasive monitoring, blood pressure and temperature control, prophylactic and therapeutic measures for vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia, nutrition, and mobilization. Specific guidance was provided for early surgical/endovascular intervention, invasive hemodynamic monitoring, enteral nutrition initiation, and fever prevention. The consensus emphasized evidence-informed strategies where available and expert-derived recommendations in areas lacking robust data, such as therapeutic hypothermia and multimodal monitoring.; CONCLUSION: This practical consensus statement provides a standardized approach to aSAH management, balancing guideline-based evidence with expert consensus to address clinical uncertainties. Due to the used methods and composition of the group, the results should be considered as a multi-institutional protocol of an experienced neurointensivist group, but certainly not as evidence based-guidelines. Adoption of this consensus may improve outcomes and harmonize care in the intensive management of aSAH. © 2025. The Author(s)
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