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Generation Adequacy and Investment Incentives in Britain: from the Pool to NETA
No full textThree years after the controversial change of the British market design from compulsory Pool with capacity payments to decentralised energy-only New Electricity Trading Arrangements (NETA) market framework, we compare the two designs in terms of investment incentives. We review the biases of the Pool capacity payments design, the drought of investment following the introduction of NETA, and the reaction of the market during the first “stress-test” of NETA during the winter 2003. In an energy-only market such as NETA, it is essential that price signals are right and the system operator has a crucial role in contracting ahead for reserve. We recommend that NETA adopt a single marginal imbalance price as dual imbalance pricing distorts price signals in times of scarcity. The lack of long-term contracting that causes hedging and financing difficulties for power projects can becompensated by vertical and horizontal reintegration at a cost of increased market power
α-NETA stability.
No full text<p>α-NETA was spiked into 10% captisol (A) or mouse plasma (B) and incubated at the indicated temperatures. At the indicated times, the samples were quenched and analyzed by mass spectrometry. The stability of Benfluorex (positive control compound) was also determined (B). Mean ± SD of triplicate wells for each point is displayed.</p
Singa neta
No full text<i>Singa neta</i> (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) <p> <b>Record:</b> Erbil (Fomichev <i>et al</i>. 2018).</p> <p> <b>Distribution:</b> Mediterranean, Iraq, Iran.</p>Published as part of <i>Al-Khazali, Azhar Mohammed, Kachel, Hamid Saeid, Zamani, Alireza & Hussen, Fenik Sherzad, 2023, An updated and annotated checklist of the spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Iraq, pp. 132-158 in Zootaxa 5339 (2)</i> on page 136, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5339.2.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8297212">http://zenodo.org/record/8297212</a>
Effect of low-dose transdermal E2/NETA on the reduction of postmenopausal bone loss in women
No full textOBJECTIVE:
To assess the efficacy of a continuous-combined transdermal patch (estradiol/ norethisterone acetate [E(2)/NETA] 25/125; Estragest TTS, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) in the reduction of bone loss in postmenopausal women.
DESIGN:
In a 96-week, double-blind, randomized, multicenter, parallel study, 124 healthy women with an intact uterus more than 4 years after menopause received either transdermal continuous-combined E(2)/NETA (0.025/0.125 mg/day) or placebo patch for 24 treatment cycles; diet was normalized for calcium intake. Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) ranged from 0.969 to 0.805 g/cm2 with a mean annual BMD decrement ranging from 3% to 8% within the last 24 months. BMD at lumbar spine L(2)-L(4) (postero-anterior) and femur were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry after 6, 12, and 24 cycles. Efficacy variables included measurement of biochemical markers of bone turnover (3, 6, 12, and 24 months).
RESULTS:
BMD at lumbar spine was significantly higher at all time points in the E(2)/NETA group than in the placebo group (P < 0.0001). Significant increases in BMD (P < 0.0008) from baseline were observed at all sites after 24 months in the E(2)/NETA group compared with placebo, which demonstrated a decrease from baseline. At endpoint, statistically significant decrements in the values of bone remodeling markers were observed (P < 0.05) with E(2)/NETA.
CONCLUSIONS:
E(2)/NETA 25/125 Estragest TTS was more effective than placebo in reducing the activation frequency of bone remodeling and in preventing bone loss at the spine and hip. Effects on the hip were similar to those observed for higher doses of estrogen
Neta chilensis
No full text<i>Neta chilensis</i> (Walker, 1836) <p> <b>Chile:</b> 2 ♂♂, Santiago, Rincón El Arbol, Aculeo, X.1969, L.E. Peña leg., MZUSP; 2 ♀♀, Central Chile, Comudes, 1898–1902, S. Shönemann leg., ZMB; 38 ♀♀, Central Chile, Cauquenes, VIII.1899, S. Shönemann leg., ZMB.</p>Published as part of <i>Tauhyl, Luís Gustavo Moreli, Marinho, Marco Antonio Tonus & Urso-Guimarães, Maria Virginia, 2023, First cladistic analysis of Toxotarsinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), with insights on the evolution of the group and on the transformation series of some historically controversial characters, pp. 537-560 in Zootaxa 5270 (3)</i> on page 558, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5270.3.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7863528">http://zenodo.org/record/7863528</a>
α-NETA target selectivity.
No full texta<p>PubChem BioAssay identifier.</p>b<p>PubChem, 2014b.</p>c<p>PubChem, 2014a.</p>d<p>Partial effect; 46-58% maximum inhibition at up to 57 µM.</p>e<p>This study.</p>f<p>Agonist activity, EC<sub>50</sub> (µM).</p>g<p>Sastry et al., 1988a.</p>h<p>Single dose (25 µM) tested, 106% inhibition.</p>i<p>Tested up to 92 µM.</p>j<p>Tested up to 57 µM.</p>k<p>Tested up to 35 µM.</p><p>α-NETA target selectivity.</p
A new sixth-order scheme for nonlinear equations
No full textApplied Math. Letters, 25, (2012), 185–189, doi:10.1016/j.aml.2011.08.012.The article of record as published may be located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aml.2011.08.012In this paper we present a new efficient sixth-order scheme for nonlinear equations. The method is compared to several members of the family of methods developed by Neta (1979) [B. Neta, A sixth-order family of methods for nonlinear equations, Int. J. Comput. Math. 7 (1979) 157–161]. It is shown that the new method is an improvement over this well known scheme
Reduced histological EAE in α-NETA-treated mice.
No full text<p>(A) Brain and spinal cord tissues were harvested 16 days after active EAE induction from mice treated with α-NETA or vehicle control. Histological changes in meninges (<i>left panel</i>) and parenchyma (<i>right panel</i>) were evaluated as described in <i>Materials and Methods</i>. Results are pooled from two independent experiments with similar results, each with 4–6 mice per group. mean ± SEM, *<i>p</i><0.05 as by Student's <i>t</i> test. (B) Representative spinal cord sections are shown from actively immunized vehicle- (<i>left panel</i>) or α-NETA- (<i>right panel</i>) treated mice that were euthanized at 16 days p.i. Meningeal and parenchymal mononuclear cell infiltrates typical of acute EAE in the spinal cord of a vehicle-treated mouse (<i>left panel</i>). Less meningeal and parenchymal infiltration, as well as reduced myelin loss (indicated by Luxol fast blue staining intensity), in the spinal cord of α-NETA-treated mice with EAE (<i>right panel</i>). Bar, 50 µm. (C) At day 16 p.i., mononuclear cells isolated from the CNS and spleen of EAE mice treated with α-NETA or vehicle control were enumerated by flow cytometry. n = 7 mice/group; mean ± SEM; *<i>p</i><0.05 by Student's <i>t</i> test. (D) CNS mononuclear cells were isolated at day 16 p.i. from EAE mice treated with α-NETA or vehicle control. Cells were then stained with fluorophore-labeled monoclonal antibodies to identify the indicated leukocyte subsets: T cells (CD3+), B cells (B220+), dendritic cells (DC; CD3-B220-NK1.1-CD11c+) and macrophages (Mac; F4/80+CD11b+). *<i>p</i><0.05 by Student's <i>t</i> test. Two independent experiments yielded similar results.</p
Lessons from international experience with electricity market monitoring
No full textThe author first describes those features of the electricity supply industry that make a prospective market monitoring process essential to a well-functioning wholesale market. Some of these features are shared with the securities industry, although the technology of electricity production and delivery make a reliable transmission network a necessary condition for an efficient wholesale market. These features of the electricity supply industry also make antitrust or competition law alone an inadequate foundation for an electricity market monitoring process. The author provides examples of both the successes and failures of market monitoring from several international markets. More than 10 years of experience with the electricity industry restructuring process has shown that market failures are more likely and substantially more harmful to consumers than other market failures because of how electricity is produced and delivered and the crucial role it plays in the modern economy. Wholesale market meltdowns of varying magnitudes and durations have occurred in electricity markets around the world, and many of them could have been prevented if a prospective market monitoring process backed by the prevailing regulatory authority had been in place at the start of the market.Access to Markets,Markets and Market Access,Environmental Economics&Policies,ClimateChange,Health Economics&Finance
Stability analysis for Eulerian and semi-Lagrangian finite-element formulation of the advection-diffusion equation
No full textThe article of record as published may be located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0898-1221(99)00185-6This paper analyzes the stability of the finite-element approximation to the linearized two-dimensional advection-diffusion equation. Bilinear basis functions on rectangular elements are considered. This is one of the two best schemes as was shown by Neta and Williams [1]. Time is discretized with the theta algorithms that yield the explicit (theta = 0), semi-implicit (theta = 1/2), and implicit (theta = 1) methods. This paper extends the results of Neta and Williams [1] for the advection equation. Giraldo and Neta [2] have numerically compared the Eulerian and semi-Lagrangian finite-element approximation for the advection-diffusion equation. This paper analyzes the finite element schemes used there. The stability analysis shows that the semi-Lagrangian method is unconditionally stable for all values of a while the Eulerian method is only unconditionally stable for 1/2 < theta < 1. This analysis also shows that the best methods are the semi-implicit ones (theta = 1/2). In essence this paper analytically compares a semi-implicit Eulerian method with a semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian method. It is concluded that (for small or no diffusion) the semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian method exhibits better amplitude, dispersion and group velocity errors than the semi-implicit Eulerian method thereby achieving better results. In the case the diffusion coefficient is large, the semi-Lagrangian loses its competitiveness. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd
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