474 research outputs found
Vapor growth of electrochromic thin films of transition metal oxides
No full textMixed oxide films of transition metals gain considerable much attention due to their interesting optoelectronic properties. The low temperature chemical vapor growth processing of thin films of mixed W and Mo oxides is presented. The investigation is related to optimization of films structure and the related optoelectronic properties in dependence on the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process parameters. Their electrochromic behavior and photoelectrode properties were studied
Phases in copper gallium metal sulfide films metal titanium, iron, or tin
No full textThe incorporation of metal impurities M M Ti, Fe, or Sn into CuGaS2 films is investigated experimentally as a function of impurity concentration. Films are synthesized by thermal co evaporation of the elements onto glass Mo substrates heated to 400 C 570 C. The compositions of the resulting films are measured by energy dispersive x ray spectroscopy and the structures of the present phases are studied by x ray diffraction. The formation of Cu M S ternary phases is observed in a wide range of conditions. Films of Cu Ga Ti S, synthesized at 500 C, show the presence of a cubic modification of CuGaS2 and Cu4TiS4. Alloying of CuGaS2 and tetragonal Cu2SnS3 is observed for substrate temperatures of 450 C. A miscibility gap opens at 500 C and above with separate Sn rich and Ga rich phases. Similarly, alloys of CuFeS2 and CuGaS2 are only found in Cu Ga Fe S films synthesized at lower substrate temperature 400 C , whereas at 500 C a miscibility gap opens leading to separate Fe rich and Ga rich phase
Use Case Analysis with Narrative Semiotics
No full textUse cases are the accepted contemporary vehicle for the capture, collection and management of functional requirements for information systems and networked e- and m- commerce environments .While employed widely, use cases lack a critical theoretical foundation. As a result, the applications of use cases vary greatly in practice. We present an analysis of use cases based on the narrative semiotics of Greimas and the narratology of Propp. Our analysis illustrates how these techniques can expose common weaknesses and implicit assumptions latent within use case texts, and can provide a principled basis for the systematic review and evaluation of use cases within information systems development methodologies.8 page(s
The isotope effect on the detachment density in JET-ILW Ohmically confined plasmas
No full textThe isotope effect on the detachment density in JET-ILW Ohmically confinedplasmasV Solokha1, M Groth1, S Brezinsek2, M Brix3, G Corrigan3, C Guillemaut4, D Harting3,S Jachmich5, U Kruezi6, S Marsen7, S Wiesen2 and JET contributors∗1 Aalto University, P.O. Box 14100, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland2 Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Institut fur Energie- und Klimaforschung, IEK-4 - Plasmaphysik, 52425 Julich, Germany3 EUROfusion Consortium, JET, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, UK4 Instituto de Plasmas e Fusao Nuclear, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal5 Ecole Royale Militaire School, Av de la Renaissance 30, Brussels, Belgium6 ITER Organization Route de Vinon sur Verdon, Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France7 Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany∗ See the author list of E. Joffrin et al. accepted for publication in Nuclear Fusion Special Issue 2019,https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab2276Studies in JET with the ITER-like wall (JET-ILW) Ohmic plasmas show that the density range, in which thepartial detachment at both divertor targets is accessible, is affected by the hydrogen isotope species as well asby the divertor geometry. These studies are consistent with previous research showing that the detachmentonset density for different hydrogen species in JET with the carbon wall (JET-C) scales inversely with the ionmass for vertical target (VT) configuration L-mode discharges [1].The isotope effect on the detachment density was reassessed for hydrogen and deuterium plasmas in thevertical and horizontal target (HT) configurations. The density of the detachment onset in the HT configurationfor the deuterium discharges is 10% lower than for the hydrogen at the outer target (OT), while in the VTconfiguration the isotope effect is stronger (30%) and affects detachment onset density at both targets.Simulations with the EDGE2D-EIRENE code [2,3] showed that the deuterium cases have a 50% higher neutraldensity than the hydrogen cases due to the subdivertor entrance conductance dependence on the thermalvelocity of the molecules. The increased neutral densities in the deuterium cases cause two times higherradiation losses in the simulations, while in the experiments bolometry measurements showed only 30% higherradiation losses. On the other hand, the Balmer-alpha emission profiles across the outer divertor plate aremeasured similar in shape and magnitude. Due to the pumping plenum, which reflects 80% of the incidentparticles, and subdivertor geometry of JET, the probability of the recycled particles from the inner target (IT) toreach the cryopump via the IT subdivertor entrance is close to zero. The poloidal ExB drift direction affects themagnitude of the isotope effect by moving particles from the OT to the IT in the normal BT direction (weakerisotope effect) or towards the OT and the cryopump in the reversed BT configuration (stronger isotope effect). Inthe HT configuration, the molecules at the IT can not be pumped, whereas in the VT configuration moleculesfrom both targets could be pumped due to connection to the OT subdivertor entrance by the private flux region.The higher detachment onset densities for heavier isotope species caused by the higher molecular densities.The dependence of molecular transport on the strike-point (SP) position due to the curvature of the target platesis predicted to cause the higher detachment onset densities in cases with higher strike-point positions. Theusage of the low SP position decreases the detachment onset density and increases pumping efficiency, whichleads to better particle control as well as to a bigger influence of the subdivertor entrance conductance andisotope species on the divertor plasma.[1] C.F. Maggi et al, Nucl. Fusion 39 979 (1999).[2] R. Simonini et al, Contrib. Plasma Physics, 34 (1994), 368-373.[3] S. Wiesen, JET ITC-Report, (2006), http://www.eirene.de/e2deir report 30jun06.pdfCorresponding author: tel.: +358(40)257-44-98, e-mail: [email protected] (V. Solokah
Pulsed PECVD for the growth of silicon nanowires
No full textSilicon nanowires of high density and high aspect ratio similar to those shown in the literature (Niu et al., 2004, Hofman et al., 2003) have been grown using a variation of plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) known as pulsed plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PPECVD) using a range of different modulation frequencies. For the range of frequencies used it was found that the presence of modulated silane plasma increases the average density and sample coverage of silicon nanowires. Both of these effects are proposed as being due to the increase in the number of times the plasma is struck and turned off during the deposition process. For low temperature growth of silicon nanowires the presence of pulsed silane plasma improves the density and sample coverage of silicon nanowires
Ta Moko: Culture, body modification, and the psychology of identity.
No full textThis paper outlines the context of Ta Moko in the Māori world, and locates the practice in the Pacific, and in the twenty first century. It describes the resurgence of the practice, and comments on the aims of the Marsen project. The three principal aims are:
1. To complete a comprehensive survey of the chant record and oral history with reference to archaeological, archival and artefactual materials.
2. To examine traditional whakairo carving in relation to Ta Moko.
3. To explore the nature of social relationships and ecologies that are supportive of, or resistant, to contemporary Ta Moko
Characterizing nanoparticles by scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy
No full textDynamics of tilt-based browsing on mobile devices
No full textA tilt-controlled photo browsing method for small mobile devices is presented. The implementation uses continuous inputs from an accelerometer, and a multimodal (visual, audio and vibrotactile) display coupled with the states of this model. The model is based on a simple physical model, with its characteristics shaped to enhance usability. We show how the dynamics of the physical model can be shaped to make the handling qualities of the mobile device fit the browsing task. We implemented the proposed algorithm on Samsung MITs PDA with tri-axis accelerometer and a vibrotactile motor. The experiment used seven novice users browsing from 100 photos. We compare a tilt-based interaction method with a button-based browser and an iPod wheel. We discuss the usability performance and contrast this with subjective experience from the users. The iPod wheel has significantly poorer performance than button pushing or tilt interaction, despite its commercial popularity
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