1,720,959 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Pressure support ventilation in patients with acute lung injury
No full textObjectives: To assess the success rate of pressure support ventilation (PSV) in acute lung injury patients undergoing continuous positive pressure ventilation (CPPV), to study physiologic changes after the transition from CPPV to PSV, and to investigate differences between patients who succeed and patients who fail PSV according to predetermined criteria.
Design: Observational study.
Setting: General intensive care unit in a teaching hospital.
Subjects: We studied 48 patients having acute lung injury, as defined by a PaO2/FIO2 80 mm Hg, at positive end-expiratory pressure of <15 cm H2O and with FIO2 up to 1.0.
Interventions: After enrollment, PSV was instituted and patients were strictly monitored during the following 48 hrs. Subjects who met any of the predefined PSV failure criteria during this period were returned to CPPV (Group F). PSV was continued in the remaining patients (Group S).
Measurements and Main Results: Gas exchange, respiratory mechanics, and hemodynamics measurements were collected before switching from CPPV to PSV and were repeated at 24 hrs after beginning PSV, or immediately before return to CPPV in Group F patients. The physiologic deadspace volume to tidal volume ratio (V-D/V-T) was obtained by the Enghoff's equation from the measurement of the mixed expired CO2 fraction.
PSV resulted in a significant PaCO2 decrease (49.2 +/- 10.9 mm Hg to 44.4 +/- 7.2 mm Hg) and significant increases in minute volume ((V) over dot(E)) (9.0 +/- 2.3 L/min to 12.0 +/- 4.0 L/min) and arterial blood pH (7.405 +/- 0.054 to 7.435 +/- 0.064), with stable oxygenation and hemodynamics. In patients who were hypercapnic (PaCO2 >50 mm Hg) during CPPV, the (V) over dot(E) increase was higher than in normocapnic patients. In the latter patients, PaCO2 and pH did not change significantly going from CPPV to PSV. A total of 38 patients (79%) were allocated to Group S and the remaining 10 patients were included in Group F. In Group S, positive end-expiratory pressure of 9.4 +/- 2.9 cm H2O (range, 3-14 cm H2O) and a PSV level of 14.9 +/- 3.8 cm H2O (range, 9-22 cm H2O) were applied. In Group F, positive end-expiratory pressure of 8.9 +/- 3.1 cm H2O (range, 5-15 cm H2O) acid a PSV level of 21.6 +/- 4.6 cm H2O (range, 16-31 cm H2O) were adopted. Compared with Group S, Group F had a longer duration of intubation (20.2 +/- 19.2 days vs. 9.2 +/- 13.5 days), a lower static compliance of the respiratory system (30.4 +/- 16.5 mL/cm H2O vs. 41.7 +/- 15.0 mL/cm H2O), and a higher V-D/V-T (0.70 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.10), but similar oxygenation and positive end-expiratory pressure, (V) over dot(E) was higher in Group F during both CPPV and PSV.
Conclusions: In a relatively high proportion of the investigated patients, PSV was successful. The institution of PSV led to no major changes in oxygenation or in hemodynamics, PSV was associated with increases in (V) over dot(E), and respiratory frequency. In patients who had been hypercapnic during CPPV, PaCO2 decreased despite a compensated pH. Compared with PSV success patients, patients who failed PSV appeared to be sicker, as shown by the higher duration of respiratory support, increased ventilatory needs, and decreased respiratory system compliance, despite similar arterial oxygenation and positive end-expiratory pressure
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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