4,514 research outputs found
The doctor and the blue form: learning professional responsibility
No full textBook synopsis: This book presents leading-edge perspectives and methodologies to address emerging issues of concern for professional learning in contemporary society. The conditions for professional practice and learning are changing dramatically in the wake of globalization, new modes of knowledge production, new regulatory regimes, and increased economic-political pressures. In the wake of this, a number of challenges for learning emerge:
more practitioners become involved in interprofessional collaboration
developments in new technologies and virtual workworlds
emergence of transnational knowledge cultures and interrelated circuits of knowledge.
The space and time relations in which professional practice and learning are embedded are becoming more complex, as are the epistemic underpinnings of professional work. Together these shifts bring about intersections of professional knowledge and responsibilities that call for new conceptions of professional knowing.
Exploring what the authors call sociomaterial perspectives on professional learning they argue that theories that trace not just the social but also the material aspects of practice – such as tools, technologies, texts but also bodies and actions - are useful for coming to terms with the challenges described above.
Reconceptualising Professional Learning develops these issues through specific contemporary cases focused on one of the book’s three main themes: (1) professionals’ knowing in practice, (2) professionals’ work arrangements and technologies, or (3) professional responsibility. Each chapter draws upon innovative theory to highlight the sociomaterial webs through which professional learning may be reconceptualised. Authors are based in Australia, Canada, Italy, Norway, Sweden, and the USA as well as the UK and their cases are based in a range of professional settings including medicine, teaching, nursing, engineering, social services, the creative industries, and more.
By presenting detailed accounts of these themes from a sociomaterial perspective, the book opens new questions and methodological approaches. These can help make more visible what is often invisible in today’s messy dynamics of professional learning, and point to new ways of configuring educational support and policy for professionals
Responsibility matters: putting illness back into the picture
No full textPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore specific instances of junior doctors’ responsibility.
Learning is often understood to be a prerequisite for managing responsibility and risk but this paper
aims to argue that this is insufficient because learning is integral to the management of responsibility
and risk.
Design/methodology/approach – This is a “collective” case study of doctors designed to focus on the
interrelationships between individual professionals and complex work settings. The authors focussed on
two key points of transition: the transition to beginning clinical practice which is the move from medical
student to foundation training (F1) and the transition from generalist to specialist clinical practice.
Findings – Responsibility in clinical settings is immediate, concrete, demands response and (in)
action has an effect. Responsibility is learnt and is not always apparent; it shifts depending on time of
day/night and who else is present. Responsibility does not necessarily increase incrementally and can
decrease; it can be perceived differently by different actors. Responsibility is experienced as personal
although it is distributed.
Originality/value – This detailed examination of practice has enabled the authors to foreground the
particularities, urgency and fluidity of everyday clinical practice. It recasts their understandings of
responsibility – and managing risk – as involving learning in practice. This is a critical insight
because it suggests that the theoretical basis for the current approach to managing risk and
responsibility is insufficient. This has significant implications for policy, employment, education and
practice of new doctors and for the management of responsibility and risk
Study of orbitally excited mesons and evidence for a new resonance
No full textUsing the full CDF Run II data sample, we report evidence for a new resonance, which we refer to as , found simultaneously in the and mass distributions with a significance of 4.4 standard deviations. We further report the first study of resonances consistent with orbitally excited mesons and an updated measurement of the properties of orbitally excited and mesons. We measure the masses and widths of all states, as well as the relative production rates of , , and states and the branching fraction of the state to either and . Furthermore, we measure the production rates of the orbitally excited states relative to the ground state. The masses of the new resonances are for the neutral state and for the charged state, assuming that the resonance decays into final states. The properties of the orbitally excited and the new states are compatible with isospin symmetry
A Comprehensive Characterization of the TI-LGAD Technology
No full textPixelated low-gain avalanche diodes (LGADs) can provide both precision spatial and temporal measurements for charged particle detection; however, electrical termination between the pixels yields a no-gain region, such that the active area or fill factor is not sufficient for small pixel sizes. Trench-isolated LGADs (TI-LGADs) are a strong candidate for solving the fill-factor problem, as the p-stop termination structure is replaced by isolated trenches etched in the silicon itself. In the TI-LGAD process, the p-stop termination structure, typical of LGADs, is replaced by isolating trenches etched in the silicon itself. This modification substantially reduces the size of the no-gain region, thus enabling the implementation of small pixels with an adequate fill factor value. In this article, a systematic characterization of the TI-RD50 production, the first of its kind entirely dedicated to the TI-LGAD technology, is presented. Designs are ranked according to their measured inter-pixel distance, and the time resolution is compared against the regular LGAD technology
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Testing V-A in top decay at CDF at squareroot s = 1.8 TeV
No full textThe structure of the tbW vertex can be probed by measuring the polarization of the W in t {yields} W + b {yields} l + v + b. The invariant mass of the lepton and b quark measures the W decay angle which in turn allows a comparison with polarizations expected from a V-A and V+A tbW vertex. We measure the fraction by rate of Ws produced with a V+A coupling in lieu of the Standard Model V-A to be f{sub V+A} = -0.21{sub -0.24}{sup +0.42}(stat) {+-} 0.21(sys). We assign a limit of f{sub V+A} < 0.80 {at} 95% CL. By combining this result with a complementary observable in the same data, we assign a limit of f{sub V+A} < 0.61 {at} 95% CL. From this CDF Run I preliminary result, we find no evidence for a non-standard Model tbW vertex
Preparedness is not enough: understanding transitions as critically intensive learning periods
No full textObjectives: Doctors make many transitions whilst they are training and throughout their ensuing careers. Despite studies showing that transitions in other high risk professions such as aviation have been linked to increased risk in the form of adverse outcomes, the effects of changes on doctors’ performance and consequent implications for patient safety have been under-researched. The purpose of this project was to investigate the effects of transitions upon medical performance.
Methods: The project sought to focus on the inter-relationships between doctors and the complex work settings into which they were transitioning. To this end, a ‘collective’ case study of doctors was designed. Key transitions for Foundation Year and Specialist Trainee doctors were studied. Four levels of the case were examined: the regulatory and policy context; employer requirements; the clinical teams in which doctors worked; and the doctors themselves. Data collection included interviews, observations and desk-based research..
Results: We identified a number of problems with doctors' transitions that can all adversely affect performance. A) Transitions are regulated but not systematically monitored. B) Actual practice (as observed and reported) was determined much more by situational and contextual factors than by the formal (regulatory and management) frameworks. C) Trainees’ and health professionals’ accounts of their actual experience of work showed how performance is dependent on local learning environment. D) We found that the increased regulation of clinical activity through protocols and care pathways helps trainees’ performance whilst the less regulated aspects of work such as rotas, induction and multiple transitions within rotations can impede the transition.
Conclusions: Transitions may be reframed as critically intensive learning periods (CILPs) in which doctors engage with the particularities of the setting and establish working relationships with doctors and other professionals. Institutions and wards have their own learning cultures which may or may not recognise that transitions are CILPS. The extent to which these cultures take account of transitions as CILPs will contribute to the performance of new doctors. There are therefore implications for practice, and for policy, regulation and research
1,2-Dihydroisoquinolines. XXII Benzo[b]quinolizine Derivatives
No full textSome time ago it was reported that 4,6,11,1la-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[b]quinolizin-2(3H)-ones are produced when N-benzylaminoacetaldehyde dialkyl acetals react with methyl vinyl ketone in acid solution. These structures have now been confirmed, the scope of the reaction broadened and the conformations of the products investigated. Some of these ketones have been treated with phenylmagnesium bromide, but no useful central nervous system activity has been found for any of the tertiary alcohols produced
Measurement of the ratio B(t→Wb)/B(t→Wq) in pp collisions at s√ = 8 TeV
No full textThe ratio of the top-quark branching fractions R=B(t→Wb)/B(t→Wq)R=B(t→Wb)/B(t→Wq), where the denominator includes the sum over all down-type quarks (q=b,s,dq=b,s,d), is measured in the tt¯ dilepton final state with proton–proton collision data at s=8 TeV from an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1, collected with the CMS detector. In order to quantify the purity of the signal sample, the cross section is measured by fitting the observed jet multiplicity, thereby constraining the signal and background contributions. By counting the number of b jets per event, an unconstrained value of R=1.014±0.003(stat.)±0.032(syst.) is measured, in a good agreement with current precision measurements in electroweak and flavour sectors. A lower limit R>0.955R>0.955 at the 95% confidence level is obtained after requiring R≤1R≤1, and a lower limit on the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix element |Vtb|>0.975|Vtb|>0.975 is set at 95% confidence level. The result is combined with a previous CMS measurement of the t -channel single-top-quark cross section to determine the top-quark total decay width, Γt=1.36±0.02(stat.)−0.11+0.14(syst.) GeV
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Search for low mass Higgs at the Tevatron
No full textWe present CDF and D0 searches for a Standard Model Higgs boson produced associatively with a W or Z boson at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV using up to 1 fb{sup -1} of analyzed Tevatron data collected from February 2002 to February 2006. For Higgs masses less than 135 GeV/c{sup 2}, as is favored by experimental and theoretical constraints, W{sup {+-}} H {yields} {ell}{sup {+-}}{nu}b{bar b}, ZH {yields} {ell}{sup +}{ell}{sup -} b{bar b}, and ZH {yields} {nu}{bar {nu}}b{bar b} are the most sensitive decay channels to search for the Higgs boson. Both CDF and D0 have analyzed these three channels and found no evidence for Higgs production, and therefore set upper limits on the Higgs production cross-section. While the analyses are not yet sensitive to Standard Model Higgs production, improvements in analysis techniques are increasing sensitivity to the Higgs much faster than added luminosity alone
Observation of B-s(0) mesons and measurement of the B-s(0)/B+ yield ratio in PbPb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
No full textThe B0
s and B+ production yields are measured in PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per
nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV. The data sample, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponds
to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 nb−1. The mesons are reconstructed in the exclusive decay channels
B0
s → J/ψ(μ+μ−)φ(K+K−) and B+ → J/ψ(μ+μ−)K+, in the transverse momentum range 7–50 GeV/c
and absolute rapidity 0–2.4. The B0
s meson is observed with a statistical significance in excess of five
standard deviations for the first time in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The measurements are performed as
functions of the transverse momentum of the B mesons and of the PbPb collision centrality. The ratio
of production yields of B0
s and B+ is measured and compared to theoretical models that include quark
recombination effects
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