392 research outputs found
Identification of the HetR Recognition Sequence Upstream of hetZ in Anabaena sp Strain PCC 7120
No full textHetR is the master regulator of heterocyst differentiation in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 and has been found to specifically bind to an inverted-repeat-containing region upstream of hetP, a heterocyst differentiation gene. However, no such inverted-repeat sequence can be found in promoters of other genes in the genome. hetZ is a gene involved in early heterocyst differentiation. As shown with the gfp reporter gene, transcription from P-hetZ was correlated to the expression level of hetR and inhibition by RGSGR, the pentapeptide derived from the C terminus of PatS. As detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, a recombinant HetR showed specific binding to the region upstream of hetZ, and the binding was inhibited by RGSGR. Tests of a series of the upstream fragments delimited the HetR-binding site to a 40-bp region that shows similarity to that upstream of hetP. The introduction of substitutions of bases conserved in the two HetR-binding sites showed that at least 12 bases are required for recognition by HetR. Deletion of a 51-bp region containing the HetR-binding site completely eliminated the transcription activity of P-hetZ. Based on the HetR recognition sequence of hetZ, those upstream of hetR and patA are proposed.HetR is the master regulator of heterocyst differentiation in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 and has been found to specifically bind to an inverted-repeat-containing region upstream of hetP, a heterocyst differentiation gene. However, no such inverted-repeat sequence can be found in promoters of other genes in the genome. hetZ is a gene involved in early heterocyst differentiation. As shown with the gfp reporter gene, transcription from P-hetZ was correlated to the expression level of hetR and inhibition by RGSGR, the pentapeptide derived from the C terminus of PatS. As detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, a recombinant HetR showed specific binding to the region upstream of hetZ, and the binding was inhibited by RGSGR. Tests of a series of the upstream fragments delimited the HetR-binding site to a 40-bp region that shows similarity to that upstream of hetP. The introduction of substitutions of bases conserved in the two HetR-binding sites showed that at least 12 bases are required for recognition by HetR. Deletion of a 51-bp region containing the HetR-binding site completely eliminated the transcription activity of P-hetZ. Based on the HetR recognition sequence of hetZ, those upstream of hetR and patA are proposed
In vitro establishment, shoot multiplication, and rooting of Pinus strobus, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Thuja occidentalis 'Hetz Wintergreen'
No full textTissue culture propagation or micropropagation is an important new technology used to clone herbaceous and woody angiosperm plants. This technology would have great potential if it could be applied to mature conifers. The research objectives of this study were to improve disinfestation, axillary shoot proliferation and in vitro rooting of Pinus strobus (white pine), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir) and Thuja occidentalis 'Hetz Wintergreen'.The disinfestation of conifers was improved using a solution of 0.1% w:v mercuric chloride when compared to a 20% v:v commercial bleach solution. The mercuric chloride solution used on white pine and Douglas fir seeds significantly reduced microbial contamination without changing seed germination percentage. Contamination was also reduced for newly expanded shoots of field grown Douglas fir trees, when shoots were covered with 65:35 polyester:cotton broadcloth bags prior to spring growth and disinfestation.Two cytokinins, thidiazuron (TDZ) and benzyladenine (BA), were used to promote axillary shoot proliferation of Douglas fir and white pine. The number of Douglas fir axillary shoots increased the most when 0.1 micromolar TDZ was utilized. Concentrations of BA as high as 5 micromolar did not affect the number of axillary shoots produced of Douglas fir. The number of axillary shoots of white pine was stimulated by both TDZ and BA. Excellent axillary shoot proliferation (16.5 shoots at 60 days) for white pine was achieved using 0.1 micromolar TDZ plus 5 micromolar BA, but shoots failed to elongate. The number of basal axillary shoots was found to be the best parameter to evaluate the effect of NAA and BA on shoot proliferation of Thuja occidentalis 'Hetz Wintergreen'. Axillary shoot multiplication was best with 10 micromolar BA and 0.1 micromolar NAA.Antigibberellins, ancymidol and flurprimidol, were used to promote in vitro rooting on microshoots of the three conifer species. Ancymidol was found to simulate white pine rooting more than flurprimidol. No effect was observed for Douglas fir microshoots treated with antigibberellins. Ancymidol used on Thuja occidentalis 'Hetz Wintergreen' microcuttings increased rooting percentage, root number, root area, and root length.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T14:17:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Expression of a protein disulfide isomerase A3 variant associated to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis triggers disease features in mice
No full textAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of motoneurons and compromised proteostasis. Dysfunction of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been identified as a transversal pathogenic mechanism associated to motoneurons vulnerability in ALS. Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) are key enzymes catalyzing protein folding at the ER that are altered in the disease, involving both biochemical and genetic perturbations. We previously identified mutations in the gene encoding PDIA3 (also known as Grp58 or ERp57) in ALS cases, which were associated with altered neurite outgrowth in cell culture and abnormal motoneuron connectivity in zebrafish. Here we report the generation of transgenic mice expressing the ALS-associated PDIA3Q481K variant. Moderate PDIA3Q481K overexpression resulted in altered motor capacity accompanied by decreased motoneurons number and induction of ER stress in the spinal cord. The adverse effects of PDIA3Q481K were associated with altered electromyogram without evident morphological changes in neuromuscular junctions. Our results suggest that the PDIA3Q481K variant is pathogenic and its overexpression in mice recapitulate some ALS features, further supporting the concept that altered proteostasis due to PDI dysfunction constitute a risk factor to develop the disease
The unfolded protein response transcription factor XBP1s ameliorates Alzheimer’s disease by improving synaptic function and proteostasis
No full textAlteration in the buffering capacity of the proteostasis network is an emerging feature of Alzheimer´s disease (AD), highlighting the occurrence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is the main signaling pathway emerging from the ER to cope with protein folding stress. Inositol requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1) is an ER-located kinase and endoribonuclease that operates as a central ER stress sensor, enabling the establishment of adaptive programs through the control of the expression of the transcription factor X-Box binding protein 1 (XBP1). A polymorphism in the XBP1 promoter was suggested as a risk factor to develop AD. To artificially enforce the adaptive capacity of the UPR, here we developed strategies to express the active form of XBP1 in neurons on a preclinical model of AD. The overexpression of XBP1s in the nervous system using transgenic mice significantly reduced the load of amyloid deposition in cerebral cortex and hippocampus, in addition to preserve synaptic and cognitive function. Moreover, the local delivery of XBP1s in the hippocampus of AD mice using viral vectors improved long-term potentiation, memory performance and the density of dendritic spines. Quantitative proteomics of hippocampus indicated that XBP1 expression restores the levels of many synaptic protein and factors involved in actin cytoskeleton regulation and axonal growth. Our results illustrate the therapeutic potential of XBP1s-deppedent responses as a strategy to ameliorate AD features and sustain synaptic function
Heyob, Alma B. (Birth, 1911-06-01)
No full textAddress: 827 State Ave.3214/1911Original record filed in drawer labeled 'HETZ-HILL, F'
Pharmacological targeting of the unfolded protein response for disease intervention
No full text© 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.Accumulation of unfolded proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a salient attribute of many human diseases including obesity, liver disorders, cancer, diabetes and neurodegeneration. To restore ER proteostasis, cells activate the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signaling pathway that imposes adaptive programs or triggers apoptosis of damaged cells. The UPR is critical to sustain the normal function of specialized secretory cells (i.e., pancreatic β cells and B lymphocytes) and to control the production of lipids and cholesterol in the liver. In the context of disease, adaptive UPR responses have been linked to the growth of solid tumors, whereas chronic ER stress contributes to cell dysfunction in brain diseases, metabolic syndromes, among other conditions. Here we discuss recent developments in the design and optimization of novel compounds to manipulate UPR signaling and their efficacy in variou
Herzog, Anton B. (Birth, 1895-01-09)
No full textAddress: Dixmyth Ave.20/Pg. 1/1895/W M/Germ./Amer./Mrs. M. Assmann, Mid.Original record filed in drawer labeled 'HERMAN-HETZ'
Hess, Howard B. (Birth, 1899-04-07)
No full textAddress: 12th & Walnut St.#/#/1899/M W/Inda./Cinti, Ohio/Mrs. Louisa BoehOriginal record filed in drawer labeled 'HERMAN-HETZ'
Hill, Charles B. (Birth, 1881-07-19)
No full textAddress: Dayton & Linn4241/Pg 170/1881/M W/Am./Am./Carolina Gobrecht,Mid.Original record filed in drawer labeled 'HETZ-HILL, F'
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