298 research outputs found
Indikatorenschema zur operationalen Definition schulischer Inklusion
No full textVollständiges Indikatorenschema zu dem ArtikelKrämer, P., Przibilla, B. & Grosche, M. (2016). Woran erkennt man schulische Inklusion? Indikatoren zur operationalen Definition von schulischer Inklusion. Heilpädagogische Forschung 42(2), 61-73
The Risk of Childhood Leukaemia in the Vicinity of Nuclear Installations: a review
No full textSince the early years of the peaceful use of atomic energy there has been a debate on possible adverse health effects due the radioactive discharges from the reactors. While this discussion was focussed on infant mortality in the 1960s (1), it is since the 1980s mainly based on findings of increased numbers of leukaemia cases. In 1984 there was the famous report on a ten-fold increase in leukaemia mortality among young people close to the Sellafield reprocessing plant (2). Further local excesses were reported such as from the second British reprocessing plant Dounreay in Scotland (3) and from the German nuclear power station Kruemmel (4, 5). Each of these reports led to a number of further investigations to find possible explanations. Partly based on these investigations, the hypothesis of population mixing as a cause of an increased leukaemia risk was developed by Kinlen (6).
Next to these local studies, larger multi-site studies were launched in several countries, e.g. UK, France and Germany. The population under study were mostly children at ages below 15 years. The multi-site studies revealed no elevated leukaemia risk among all children (see (7)). Still, some studies showed that there might be an elevated risk for the youngest age group (0-4 years) in the closest vicinity of the sites (about up to 5 km).
All the multi-site studies were ecological studies which compared the mortality or incidence rates in certain areas around the nuclear sites. Until recently and except one study conducted in relation to the excess cases found near the Sellafield site (8), there were no case-control studies or cohort studies looking into a relationship between living close to a nuclear site and the risk of leukaemia among children. Early 2008, a case-control study from Germany, which looked at 16 nuclear sites with overall 22 power stations, reported a trend for an increasing leukaemia risk among 0-4 years old children with decreasing distance of place of residence to the sites (9). This trend could be detected even when not taking the cases near the Kruemmel site into consideration. Within the 5-km circle around the sites, the leukaemia risk was roughly twofold increased.
As already mentioned, taking all internationally available ecological studies together, there is no hint for an increased leukaemia risk in the vicinity of nuclear installations for all children below the age of 15 (7). Thus, an elevated risk amongst the 0-4 years old would imply a lower risk amongst the 5-14 years old. That is exactly what can be seen based on German data (10). A recent re-analysis of extended data from Great Britain, which was first reported by COMARE (11), showed no increased risk for all children, but a higher risk for 0-4 years old than for those being 5-14 years of age. This risk was although not statistically significant highest within the 5-km-circle (12). For France, no elevated risks were found close to nuclear installations (13). Still, the values for the relative risks though lower than expected are higher amongst the 0-4 years old than they are for the other children.
A highly speculative assumption is that a yet undefined agent causes by gene-environment interaction an earlier onset of the disease close to the sites amongst vulnerable children (14). If so, this would explain the absence of additional cases among children of all ages.
Based on current knowledge on radiation risk, the radiation exposure to the public has to be considered as being too low by a factor of at least 1,000 to explain the observed effect described in the German study (9). But is has to be kept in mind that little is known about radiation effects from antenatal exposures or those during infancy on the leukaemia risk for ages up to 4 years.
References
1. L. A. Sagan, The infant mortality controversy. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 25, 26-28 (1969).
2. D. Black, Investigation of the possible increased incidence of cancer in West Cumbria. Report of the Independent Advisory Group. HMSO, London, 1984.
3. S. Darby and R. Doll, Fallout, radiation doses near Dounreay, and childhood leukaemia. BMJ 294, 603-606 (1987).
4. B. Grosche, D. Lackland, L. Mohr, J. Dunbar, J. Nicholas, W. Burkart and D. Hoel, Leukaemia in the vicinity of two tritium-releasing nuclear facilities: a comparison of the Kruemmel Site, Germany, and the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, USA. J Radiol Prot 19, 243-252. (1999).
5. W. Hoffmann, H. Dieckmann and I. Schmitz-Feuerhake, A cluster of childhood leukemia near a nuclear reactor in northern Germany. Arch Environ Health 52, 275-280. (1997).
6. L. J. Kinlen, F. O'Brien, K. Clarke, A. Balkwill and F. Matthews, Rural population mixing and childhood leukaemia: effects of the North Sea oil industry in Scotland, including the area near Dounreay nuclear site. BMJ 306, 743-748. (1993).
7. D. Laurier, B. Grosche and P. Hall, Risk of childhood leukaemia in the vicinity of nuclear installations-- findings and recent controversies. Acta Oncol 41, 14-24 (2002).
8. M. J. Gardner, M. P. Snee, A. J. Hall, C. A. Powell, S. Downes and J. D. Terrell, Results of case-control study of leukaemia and lymphoma among young people near Sellafield nuclear plant in West Cumbria. BMJ 300, 423-429. (1990).
9. P. Kaatsch, C. Spix, R. Schulze-Rath, S. Schmiedel and M. Blettner, Leukaemia in young children living in the vicinity of German nuclear power plants. Int J Cancer 122, 721-726 (2008).
10. U. Kaletsch, R. Meinert, A. Miesner, M. Hoisl, P. Kaatsch and J. Michaelis, Epidemiologische Studien zum Auftreten von Leukämieerkrankungen bei Kindern in Deutschland. BMU, Bonn, 1997.
11. COMARE, Tenth Report: The incidence of childhood cancer around nuclear installation in Great Britain. p. 46. HPA, 2005.
12. J. Bithell, Childhood Leukemia near British nuclear installations: methodological issues and recent results. In ICNIRP/WHO/BfS International Workshop on Risk Factors for Childhood Leukemia, Berlin, 2008.
13. M. L. White-Koning, D. Hemon, D. Laurier, M. Tirmarche, E. Jougla, A. Goubin and J. Clavel, Incidence of childhood leukaemia in the vicinity of nuclear sites in France, 1990-1998. Br J Cancer 91, 916-922 (2004).
14. D. Sinnett, N. N'Diaye, P. St-Onge and J. Healy, La leucémie de lenfant : Une maladie génétique!. Med Sci (Paris) 23, 968-974 (2007)
Empirische Inklusionsforschung in bildungsräumlichen Kontexten – Anschlussmöglichkeiten für eine regionale und inklusive Schulentwicklung
No full textStošić P, Thönnes L, Hackbarth A. Empirische Inklusionsforschung in bildungsräumlichen Kontexten – Anschlussmöglichkeiten für eine regionale und inklusive Schulentwicklung. In: Grosche M, Decristan J, Urton K, Jansen NC, Bruns G, Ehl B, eds. Sonderpädagogik und Bildungsforschung – Fremde Schwestern?. klinkhardt forschung. Perspektiven sonderpädagogischer Forschung . Bad Heilbrunn: Julius Klinkhardt; 2020: 138-143
Der Einfluss von Rauchen auf das radonbedingte Lungenkrebsrisiko: Ergebnisse einer eingebetteten Fall-Kontroll-Studie
No full textDas Lungenkrebsrisiko bei Uranbergarbeitern nach kombinierter Radon- und Arsenexposition: Ergebnisse einer Kohortenstudie, 1946-1998
No full textStrong in-plane anisotropy in the electronic structure of fixed-valence β-LuAlB4: Electronic structure of β-LuAlB4, the non-critical reference compound to the heavy-fermion superconductor β-YbAlB4
No full textExperimental resistivity data were collected at the 18T 'Big Fridge' dilution refrigerator facility in Cambridge, UK. Data files are human and machine readable text files with properly labelled columns. No specific software is required to handle these files.
Band structure calculations were carried out using the WIEN2k software package http://susi.theochem.tuwien.ac.at/
Fermi surface plots where rendered from the .bxsf files using XCySDen http://www.xcrysden.org/
Extremal orbits were obtained from SKEAF (https://arxiv.org/abs/0803.1895, http://www.wien2k.at/reg_user/unsupported/). Orbits were plotted using a patched version of XCrySDen, available from the corresponding authors upon request.
All experimental data collected are included in the "raw_data" folder, whereas all data files used for the analysis are organised according to the paper structure (Fig2/b/...
Diagnostik in inklusiven Schulen – zwischen Stigmatisierung, Etikettierungs-Ressourcen-Dilemma und förderorientierter Handlungsplanung
No full textNeumann P, Lütje-Klose B. Diagnostik in inklusiven Schulen – zwischen Stigmatisierung, Etikettierungs-Ressourcen-Dilemma und förderorientierter Handlungsplanung. In: Gresch C, Kuhl P, Grosche M, Sälzer C, Stanat P, eds. Schüler*innen mit sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf in Schulleistungserhebungen. Einblicke und Entwicklungen. Wiesbaden: Springer VS; 2020: 3-28.In diesem Beitrag wird die Frage diskutiert, ob und welche diagnostischen Konzepte in einem inklusiven Schulsystem umgesetzt werden können und sollten und welche Konsequenzen sich daraus für die Erforschung inklusiver Modelle und Praktiken ergeben. Einem historischen Abriss über die Entwicklung unterschiedlicher diagnostischer Perspektiven hinsichtlich der Feststellung sonderpädagogischen Unterstützungsbedarfs folgt eine kritische Diskussion unter den Stichworten Statusdiagnostik versus Prozessdiagnostik. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden Einsatzbereiche, Vorzüge und Nachteile von formellen und informellen Verfahren aus inklusions- und sonderpädagogischer Perspektive betrachtet. Anschließend erfolgt eine Systematisierung unterschiedlicher Zielsetzungen (sonder-)pädagogischer Diagnostik unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Einsatzbereiche und Umsetzungsformen. Deren möglicher Informationsgehalt sowie die jeweiligen Konsequenzen für empirische Studien in der Bildungsforschung werden zum Abschluss diskutiert
Separation of variables in path integrals and path integral solution of two potentials on the Poincare upper half-plane
No full textThe author discusses how to separate variables in path integrals. It is assumed that a one-dimensional problem with potential V(x) has an exact solution with energy levels Elambda and wavefunctions Psi lambda . In order to perform the separation of variables, a time transformation is performed back and forth in the path integral which allows one to insert the path integral solution corresponding to the potential V(x). The author illustrates the method by discussing some specific potential problems on the Poincare upper half-plane
Grosche, Harry (Death, 1889-10-09)
No full textAddress: 13 Abagail St.Age at death: 2 yrsPg 109/1889/131/M W S/City/Dr. G. H. C. Richard/B. Schroer/St. Joseph's OldOriginal record filed in drawer labeled 'GRIESS-GROTE, H'
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