2,627 research outputs found
Towards a visual-based survey on explainable machine learning
No full textThe increasing use of Machine Learning in people's everyday life raised the need for solutions aimed to reveal the work done by those models when transforming an input into an output. In the field of Computer Science, techniques of Explainable Machine Learning have been developed for unveiling algorithms' inner workings at different degrees of sophistication. The current status of the research on Machine Learning Explainability is still empowering the creators of those models but is not informing the people affected by them. Being information visualization considered a good means to show these processes, it is legitimate that tools able to help designers to browse visual models used in the past are designed. The paper proposes a visual-based methodology for displaying and analyzing images in groups as a support for designers in the observation, investigation, and selection of visual models and solutions to be adopted in the area of Explainable Machine Learning
Curating Publications as Artefacts — Exploring Machine Learning Research in an Interactive Virtual Museum
No full text
The Explainable Artificial Intelligence Primer. A Digital Ideation Space for Explainable Artificial Intelligence Strategies
No full textChanges of the force-frequency relationship in human tibialis anterior at fatigue.
No full textThis work estimates the influence of the single twitch (ST) parameters changes on specific regions of the force-frequency relationship (FFR) in fatigued human tibialis anterior (TA). In 20 subjects (age 20-40) the TA underwent three stimulation phases: (a) five STs at 1 Hz followed by 5 s stimulation with increasing rate (1-50 Hz, to obtain FFR); (b) fatiguing stimulation (35 Hz for 40 s); (c) same as in "a". By the average STs (mean of the five responses) of a and c phases, the peak twitch (Pt) was calculated. Moreover, after ST normalization to Pt, the maximum contraction rate (MCR) and the maximum relaxation rate (MRR) were computed. By the FFR, normalized to the 50 Hz force, we first defined the threshold frequency (TF) when the force oscillation presented the same value in (a) and (c), and then the areas below the FFR in the 1 Hz-TF and in the TF-50 Hz ranges. RESULTS: In unfatigued and fatigued muscle Pt, and MRR changed from 6.12 +/- 3.08 to 3.27 +/- 1.16 N and from 0.87 +/- 0.13 to 0.65 +/- 0.09% Pt/ms, respectively. MCR did not change significantly. The 1 Hz-TF area ratio (c/a) was > 1 for muscles having fatigued Pt > 60% of its basal value. The TF-50 Hz area ratio (c/a) was mostly below 1. CONCLUSIONS: At fatigue, MRR reduction, leading to a better fusion of muscle mechanical output, is able to compensate, in the 1 Hz-TF frequency range, up to 40% Pt loss; beyond TF, the changes of FFR are related to the degree of force loss indicated by the fatigued Pt
Periodi, contesti e tradizioni giuridiche nell’evoluzione del diritto costituzionale europeo. Spunti per un percorso storico-diacronico
No full textThe article addresses the linkages between the roots of European law and the foundations of constitutional law by comparing, in a diachronical perspective, several historical contexts which the author deems particularly relevant. The aim is to assess how consistently Public Law borrowed from Private Law and ultimately Roman law. Moreover, by examining the methods and the institutions of Public Law that are still essential thanks to the fact that they were transmitted by the Historical School of Jurisprudence, the article pinponts the substantial elements that are most important in a constitutional system, with specific reference to average and stable observation of rules and their consequent effectiveness. In conclusion, the Author frames constitutionalism in contemporary Europe, despite limiting the analysis to traditional concepts relevant at a State level
Electromyogram and force fluctuation during different linearly varying isometric motor tasks.
No full textThe purpose of this work was to verify if deviation from the mirror-like behaviour of the motor units activation strategy (MUAS) and de-activation strategy (MUDS) and the degree of the error of the motor control system, during consecutive linearly increasing-decreasing isometric tension tasks, depend on the maximum reached tension and/or on the rate of tension changes. In 12 male subjects the surface EMG and force produced by the first dorsal interosseus activity were recorded during two (a and b) trapezoid isometric contractions with different plateau (a: 50\% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and b: 100\% MVC) and rate of tension changes (a: 6.7\% MVC/s and b: 13.3\% MVC/s) during up-going (UGR) and down-going (DGR) ramps. Ten steps (ST) 6s long at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90\% MVC were also recorded. The root mean square (RMS) and mean frequency (MF) from EMG and the relative error of actual force output with respect to the target (\% ERR) were computed. The EMG-RMS/\% MVC and EMG-MF/\% MVC relationships were not overlapped when the ST and DGR as well as the UGR and DGR data were compared. The \% ERR/\% MVC relationships during a and b contractions differed from ST data only below 20\% MVC. It can be concluded that MUAS and MUDS are not mirroring one each other because MU recruitment or de-recruitment threshold may be influenced by the maximum effort and by the \% MVC/s of UGR and DGR. The role of MUs mechanical and/or central nervous system hysteresis on force decrement control is discussed
Electromyogram and force fluctuation during different linearly varying isometric motor tasks.
No full textThe purpose of this work was to verify if deviation from the mirror-like behaviour of the motor units activation strategy (MUAS) and de-activation strategy (MUDS) and the degree of the error of the motor control system, during consecutive linearly increasing-decreasing isometric tension tasks, depend on the maximum reached tension and/or on the rate of tension changes. In 12 male subjects the surface EMG and force produced by the first dorsal interosseus activity were recorded during two (a and b) trapezoid isometric contractions with different plateau (a: 50% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and b: 100% MVC) and rate of tension changes (a: 6.7% MVC/s and b: 13.3% MVC/s) during up-going (UGR) and down-going (DGR) ramps. Ten steps (ST) 6s long at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90% MVC were also recorded. The root mean square (RMS) and mean frequency (MF) from EMG and the relative error of actual force output with respect to the target (% ERR) were computed. The EMG-RMS/% MVC and EMG-MF/% MVC relationships were not overlapped when the ST and DGR as well as the UGR and DGR data were compared. The % ERR/% MVC relationships during a and b contractions differed from ST data only below 20% MVC. It can be concluded that MUAS and MUDS are not mirroring one each other because MU recruitment or de-recruitment threshold may be influenced by the maximum effort and by the % MVC/s of UGR and DGR. The role of MUs mechanical and/or central nervous system hysteresis on force decrement control is discussed
Synthesis and preliminary conformational analysis of TOAC spin-labelled analogues of the medium length peptaibiotic tylopeptin B.
No full textA set of analogues of the 14-residue peptaibol tylopeptin B, containing the stable free-radical 4-amino-1-oxyl-2,2,6,6,-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid (TOAC) at one or two selected positions, was synthesized by the solid-phase methodology. A solution conformational analysis performed by FTIR absorption and CD suggests that, in membrane-mimicking solvents, the labeled tylopeptin B analogues preserve the helical propensity of the parent peptide, with a preference for the α-helix or the 310-helix type depending upon the nature of the solvent. In aqueous environment, the spin-labeled analogues present a higher content of helical conformation as a consequence of the strong helix promoter effect of the conformationally constrained TOAC residue. We observed a progressive increase of the quenching effect of the nitroxyl radical on the fluorescence of the N-terminal tryptophan as TOAC replaces the Aib residue at positions 13, 8, and 4, respectively. A membrane permeabilization assay performed on two selected analogues, TOAC8- and TOAC13-tylopeptin B, showed that the labeled peptides exhibit membrane-modifying properties comparable with those of the natural peptaibiotic. We conclude that our TOAC paramagnetic analogues of tylopeptin B are good models for a detailed ESR investigation of the mechanism of membrane permeabilization induced by medium-length peptaibiotics
Theory is an Unfinished Worksite
No full textThe text explores the relationship between theory and construction site, introduces the research themes subsequently developed within Labor, the international architecture workshop within the Iuav Università di Venezia. It is about defining a possible theory of thought in the space of construction, trying to address the conflicts, the amenity and the times that architecture encounters in the phases of its realization.
Labor. The text is contained in Labor, Geographies of Work, a book edited by the author with Michel Carlana.
Abstract of the book: Labor, Geographies of Work, is a small book, a breviary intended as an initial table of comparison and discussion on the theme of work in architecture, related to the society and time in which we live. An ‘archipelago’ of universities reasoned about the meaning of the word Labor, the central theme of the 25th edition of the WAVe (international architecture workshops) at the Università Iuav di Venezia
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