6,341 research outputs found
Freund family collection 1854-1885, 1936
No full textThe collection contains the following items: 1) The passport of Marcus Fleischauer, great-great grandfather of Robert G. Freund, and his children, from the Grand Duchy of Hesse, for travel to North America (1854); 2) A letter in English and German from George Washington Gerstle, great-grand uncle of Freund, to his parents (1858); and 3) the United States passport, with attached photo, of Jacob Freund, grandfather of Robert G. Freund (1885). 4) Some biographical information about these people accompanies the collectionGift of Robert G. Freun
General -- 1958-1959 -- Correspondence, Polio -- letter, 1958-03-10
No full textLetter from Freund, Jules to Sabin, Albert B. dated 1958-03-10.Sabin Collection Fair Use Policy</a
General -- 1958-1959 -- Correspondence, Polio -- letter, 1958-04-01
No full textLetter from Freund, Jules to Sabin, Albert B. dated 1958-04-01.Sabin Collection Fair Use Policy</a
Bonesioides nitida Freund & Wagner 2003, sp. nov.
No full textBonesioides nitida sp. nov. Description Total length. 4.8–5.5 mm (mean: 5.17 mm). Head. Labrum, labial and maxillary palpus black; frons and vertex dark metallic golden green. Antenna black, short, extending towards end of mesosternum (figure 79); first three antennal articles rarely dark brown. Antennal article 3 about 50% longer than article 2 (figure 80), A2/A3: 0.50–0.67 (mean: 0.60); antennal article 4 not longer than articles 2 and 3 combined, A3/A4: 0.61–0.71 (mean: 0.69). Eyes small (figure 79), WE/DE: 0.52–0.61 (mean: 0.55). Thorax. Pronotum and elytra dark metallic golden green. PL: 0.7–0.9 mm (mean: 0.82 mm), PW: 1.5–1.7 mm (mean: 1.64 mm), PL/PW: 0.46–0.53 (mean: 0.50). EL: 3.8–4.3 mm (mean: 4.05 mm), EW: 2.4–2.7 mm (mean: 2.55 mm), EW/EL: 0.57–0.66 (mean: 0.63). Mesothorax, metathorax and legs black, metatibia about twice as long as metatarsus (figure 79), TA/TI: 0.47–0.51 (mean: 0.49). Abdomen. Black. Male genitalia. Median lobe slender, homogeneously narrowed apically, with a contraction at beginning of apical third (figure 82). Base of orifice nearly rectangular, tectum short and slender. Endophallus with a large sclerotized base and two rightcurved spiculae; endophallic brush and apical part of sclerotized ductus ejaculatorius protruding, not covered by tectum. Female genitalia. Spermatheca with slender nodulus, homogeneously converging towards short and straight middle part; cornu varying in length and curvature (figure 81). Distribution. Recorded from montane regions of the Albertine Rift in Kivu (figure 53). Diagnosis. Bonesioides nitida sp. nov. is most similar to B. virens and B. budongoensis sp. nov. (figures 30, 49), but can be distinguished by the colour of pronotum and elytra. B. nitida sp. nov. has a metallic golden green coloration, while B. budongoensis sp. nov. is much duller and B. virens has a brighter metallic green or purple coloration. Furthermore, the antenna as a whole and the antennal articles in detail in B. virens are much longer than in B. nitida sp. nov (figures 31, 50). Males can be distinguished by the median lobe, which is much more slender in B. nitida sp. nov. than in B. budongoensis sp. nov. or B. virens (figures 33, 52, 82). The endophallus in B. nitida sp. nov. is not hooked at base like in B. budongoensis sp. nov., the endophallic brush and the apical part of the ductus ejaculatorius is larger and more protruding than in B. virens. Type material H: W ‘ Holotypus Bonesioides nitida / Bonesioides nitida Freund & Wagner 2000 / Congo belge: P. N. A., 23-VII-1953, P. Vanschuytbroeck & V. Hendrickx, 4680 / Massif Ruwenzori, Kalonge, 2080 m’ (IRSNB); Congo: 0°20∞N/29°48∞E. P: Congo: 1 ex., Butagu Valley, 0°21∞N/29°43∞E, 2000 m, November 1931, Mme L. Lebrun (MRAC); 3 ex., P. N. A., Ihongero, 0°20∞N/29°45∞E, 2480 m, September 1952 – January 1953, P. Vanschuytbroeck and J. Kekenbosch (IRSNB); 1 ex., P. N. A., river Kalivina, 2350 m, April 1955, P. Vanschuytbroeck and R. Fonteyne (IRSNB); 5 ex., P. N. A., Kalonge, 2120 m, July 1952 – February 1953, P. Vanschuytbroeck and J. Kekenbosch (IRSNB); 1 ex., same data label as holotype (IRSNB); 1 ex., P. N. A., Kyandolire, Camp des Gardes, 1700 m, October 1952, P. Vanschuytbroeck and J. Kekenbosch (IRSNB); 1 ex., Lulenga, 1°25∞S/29°23∞E, November 1925, Dr H. Schouteden (MRAC); 1 ex., P. N. A., Mt Hoyo, 1°13∞N/29°49∞E, 1280 m, July 1955, P. Vanschuytbroeck (IRSNB); 4 ex., Nzombe, 3°11∞S/28°32∞E, 2000 m, August–September 1950, Froidebise (MRAC); 1 ex., Mwenga, 3°2∞S/28°26∞E, 2250 m, February 1957, N. Leleup (MRAC).Published as part of Freund, W. & Wagner, TH., 2003, Revision of Bonesioides Laboissière, 1925 (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Galerucinae) from continental Africa, pp. 1915-1976 in Journal of Natural History 37 (16) on pages 1960-1962, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110096519, http://zenodo.org/record/526040
Bonesioides trispiculata Freund & Wagner 2003, sp. nov.
No full textBonesioides trispiculata sp. nov. Description Total length. 4.2–4.6 mm (mean: 4.34 mm). Head. Labrum, labial and maxillary palpus dark brown, frons and vertex dark metallic blue. Antenna dark brown, first three articles paler. Antennal article 3 about 50% longer than article 2 (figure 91), A2/A3: 0.60–0.67 (mean: 0.63); article 4 about same length of articles 2 and 3 combined, A3/A4: 0.60–0.67 (mean 0.63). Eyes large (figure 90), WE/DE: 0.67–0.70 (mean: 0.68). Thorax. Pronotum and elytra dark metallic blue. PL: 0.7–0.8 mm (mean: 0.75 mm), PW: 1.2–1.5 mm (mean: 1.35 mm), PL/PW: 0.54–0.57 (mean: 0.56). EL: 3.2–3.6 mm (mean: 3.34 mm), EW: 1.9–2.2 mm (mean: 2.03 mm), EW/EL: 0.58–0.63 (mean: 0.61). Mesothorax, metathorax and legs dark metallic blue, metatibia about twice as long as metatarsus (figure 90), TA/TI: 0.48–0.49 (mean: 0.49). Abdomen. Dark metallic blue. Male genitalia. Median lobe slightly expanded medially, strongly narrowed from tectum towards apex (figure 92). Base of orifice rectangular, tectum broad and short. Endophallus with broad base and three spiculae, one protruding out of endophallus. Endophallic brush absent, protruding apical part of sclerotized ductus ejaculatorius very long, extending from tectum towards apex of median lobe. Female genitalia. Female unknown. Distribution. Recorded from two locations in Central Congo (figure 38). Diagnosis. Bonesioides trispiculata sp. nov. is very similar in coloration and size to B. gambiae sp. nov., B. kirschi and B. laboissierei nom. nov. (figures 17, 34, 54, 92), but can be unmistakeably identified by the peculiar pattern of the median lobe and the endophallus, since B. trispiculata sp. nov. is the only Bonesioides species, which has three endophallic spiculae (figure 92). The antennal articles in B. kirschi and B. laboissierei nom. nov. are shorter and broader than in B. trispiculata sp. nov. (figures 17, 34, 54). The eyes in B. trispiculata sp. nov. are larger than in B. kirschi (figures 17, 90; mean WE/DE in B. trispiculata sp. nov. 0.68, B. kirschi 0.59). Furthermore, B. trispiculata sp. nov. is restricted to Central Congo, while B. gambiae sp. nov. is restricted to Gambia and the other two species mainly occur in eastern and southern Africa (figure 38). Type material H: W ‘ Holotypus Bonesioides trispiculata / Bonesioides trispiculata Freund & Wagner 2000 / Musée du Congo, Bumbuli, I-IV-1915, R. Mayné’ (MRAC); Congo: 3°24∞S/20°31∞E. P: Congo: 2 ex., Yangambi, 0°47∞N/24°28∞E, November 1951, J. Decelle (MRAC); 1 ex., Yangambi (Stanleyville), 0°47∞N/24°28∞E, December 1958, P. Dessart (MRAC).Published as part of Freund, W. & Wagner, TH., 2003, Revision of Bonesioides Laboissière, 1925 (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Galerucinae) from continental Africa, pp. 1915-1976 in Journal of Natural History 37 (16) on pages 1965-1966, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110096519, http://zenodo.org/record/526040
Bonesioides godzilla Freund & Wagner 2003, sp. nov.
No full textBonesioides godzilla sp. nov. Description Total length. 8.9–9.5 mm (mean: 9.1 mm). Head. Labrum, labial and maxillary palpus dark brown to black; frons and vertex either dark metallic blue or metallic black. Eyes small, frons broad (figure 58); WE/DE: 0.44–0.51 (mean: 0.47). Antenna dark blue to black, extending towards end of mesosternum (figure 58). Antennal articles short and broad (figure 59), A2/A3: 0.61–0.69 (mean: 0.65), article 4 shorter than 2 and 3 combined, ratio article 3 to 4: 0.64–0.71 (mean: 0.68). Thorax. Pronotum and elytra dark metallic blue to metallic black. Pronotum long and broad, PL: 1.6–1.7 mm (mean: 1.62 mm), PW: 2.9–3.2 mm (mean: 3.05 mm), PL/PW: 0.50–0.55 (mean: 0.53). Elytra nearly parallel-sided from humeri towards the apex of elytra. EW: 3.8–4.4 mm (mean: 4.07 mm), EL: 6.6–7.2 mm (mean 6.80 mm), EW/EL: 0.58–0.61 (mean: 0.60). Mesothorax, metathorax and legs dark metallic blue to metallic black. Metatibia about twice as long as metatarsus (figure 58), TA/TI: 0.43–0.50 (mean: 0.46). Abdomen. Dark metallic blue to metallic black. Male genitalia. Median lobe homogeneously narrowed apically (figure 61). Orifice very broad, nearly rectangular at base. Tectum short and broad, wide open in lateral view. Endophallus slender, with two small spiculae. Protruding apical part of sclerotized ductus ejaculatorius and large endophallic brush partly covered by tectum. Female genitalia. Spermatheca with slightly expanded nodulus, short middle part and slightly curved, nearly straight cornu, with a sharper bend near apex (figure 60). Distribution. Recorded from Congo and Ghana (figure 11). Diagnosis. Bonesioides godzilla sp. nov. is similar to B. coerulea and B. caerulea (figures 7, 26). The pronotum of B. godzilla sp. nov. is much broader (figure 58), the antennal articles are shorter and broader (figure 59). The PW is largest in B. godzilla sp. nov. (2.95–3.20 mm), while smaller in B. coerulea (2.4–2.6 mm) and B. caerulea sp. nov. (2.1–2.4 mm). The elytra in B. godzilla sp. nov. are nearly parallelsided from humeri apically (figure 58), while in B. coerulea and B. caerulea elytra expanded apically (figures 7, 26). B. godzilla sp. nov. is the largest of all Bonesioides species known. The total length ranges between 8.9 and 9.5 mm, while B. caerulea has a maximum length of 7.9 mm and B. coerulea of 8.6 mm. Type material H: W ‘ Holotypus Bonesioides godzilla / Bonesioides godzilla Freund & Wagner 2000 / Bonesioides coerulea All. G. E. Bryant det. 1951 / Congo belge P. N. U., R. Kateke (s. aff. I. Lufira), 960 m, 23-XI–5-XII 1947, Miss G. F. de Witte: 1093a’ (IRSNB); Congo: 9°4∞S/26°43∞E. P: Congo: 1 ex., Kisangani, 0°33∞N/25°14∞E, March 1972, J. Taverniers (MRAC). Ghana: 1 ex., Asente Akem, 6°45∞N/1°30∞W, Junod, coll. Clavareau (MRAC).Published as part of Freund, W. & Wagner, TH., 2003, Revision of Bonesioides Laboissière, 1925 (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Galerucinae) from continental Africa, pp. 1915-1976 in Journal of Natural History 37 (16) on pages 1951-1952, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110096519, http://zenodo.org/record/526040
Interview: Dr. Elizabeth Freund Larus on China, the Belt and Road Initiative, and Taiwan
No full textAt Harris Bricken, we keep close tabs on what is happening around the world, and we know that our friends and clients do, as well. We are happy to provide this podcast series: Global Law and Business, hosted by international attorneys Fred Rocafort and Jonathan Bench, where we look at the world by talking with business leaders, innovators, service providers, manufacturers, and government leaders around the world.
In Episode #58, we are joined by Dr. Elizabeth Freund Larus, chairman of the University of Mary Washington’s Political Science and International Affairs Department and author of Politics and Society in Contemporary China
Workers, Capitalists, and the Government: Fiscal Policy and Income (Re)Distribution
No full textWe propose a novel two-agent New Keynesian model to study the interaction of fiscal policy and household heterogeneity in a tractable environment. Workers can save in bonds subject to portfolio adjustment costs; firm ownership is concentrated among capit
Duffy, Carl E. -- 1941-54 -- Correspondence, Individual -- letter, 1947-02-11
No full textLetter from Freund, Hugo A. to Sabin, Albert B. dated 1947-02-11.Sabin Collection Fair Use Policy</a
Bonesioides jacksoni Freund & Wagner 2003
No full textBonesioides jacksoni (Bryant, 1953); comb. nov. Monolepta jacksoni Bryant, 1953: 864. Redescription Total length. 4.6–5.9 mm (mean: 5.17 mm). Head. Labrum, labial and maxillarx palpus black, frons and vertex dark metallic blue. Antenna short, extending towards end of mesosternum (figure 44). Antennal articles short and broad, dark brown to black, first three articles paler. Antennal article 3 about 30% longer than antennal article 2 (figure 45), A2/A3: 0.64–0.70 (mean: 0.66); antennal article 4 not longer than articles 2 and 3 combined, A3/A4: 0.69–0.85 (mean: 0.75). Eyes small (figure 44), WE/DE: 0.43–0.65 (mean: 0.52). Thorax. Pronotum and elytra dark metallic blue. PL: 0.8–1.0 mm (mean: 0.91 mm), PW: 1.4–1.9 mm (mean: 1.57 mm), PL/PW: 0.53–0.64 (mean: 0.58). EL: 3.5–4.6 mm (mean: 4.01 mm), EW: 2.2–2.9 mm (mean: 2.47 mm), EW/EL: 0.48–0.70 (mean: 0.62). Mesothorax, metathorax and legs black, metatibia more than twice as long as metatarsus (figure 44), TA/TI: 0.39–0.48 (mean: 0.42). Abdomen. Black. Male genitalia. Median lobe broad, nearly parallel-sided, narrowed in apical quarter only (figure 47). Orifice broad and nearly rectangular, tectum very short. Endophallus with broad base and two very long right-curved spiculae; base of spiculae large. Endophallic brush small, protruding apical part of ductus ejaculatorius long and not covered by tectum. Female genitalia. Spermatheca with slender nodulus, homogeneously converging towards short and straight middle part; cornu long and strongly curved (figure 46). Distribution. Recorded only from southern Kenya (figure 48). Diagnosis. Bonesioides jacksoni is most similar to other metallic blue species of median size, like B. laevicollis, B. virens and B. montana sp. nov. (figures 30, 39, 75). It can be distinguished by the short and broad antennal articles, especially by the shape of article 4 (figure 45), which is much longer and more slender in B. laevicollis, B. virens and B. montana sp. nov. (figures 31, 40, 76; mean A3/A 4 in B. jacksoni is 0.75, in B. virens 0.55, in B. laevicollis 0.50, in B. montana sp. nov. 0.54). Species with similar-sized antenna, like B. laboissierei nom. nov., B. trispiculata sp. nov. and B. gambiae sp. nov. (figures 35, 55, 91) are smaller than B. jacksoni (mean total length in B. jacksoni is 5.17 mm, B. laboissierei nom. nov. 4.15 mm, B. trispiculata sp. nov. 4.34 mm, B. gambiae sp. nov. 4.24 mm). B. kirschi and B. montana sp. nov., the only species occur syntopically with B. jacksoni, can be distinguished by the median lobe. It is rather similar in B. jacksoni and B. kirschi, but the spiculae are right-curved in the first and left-curved in the latter species. B. montana sp. nov. has a unique and unmistakeable, very elongated and apically narrowed median lobe (figures 20, 47, 78). Type material H : W ‘ Monolepta jacksoni Bryant, Det. G. E. Brayant / Stony Athi, E. A. U., Nat: Hist: Soc: Biol: Survey, 5-40 / Pres. by Com. Inst. Ent., B.M. 1953-358 / Type H.T.’ (BMNH); Kenya: 1°35∞S/37°0∞E; examined. P : 8 ex., same data label as holotype (BMNH (6 ex.) / NMK (1 ex.) / NMNH (1 ex.)); 2 ex., same data label as holotype, ‘4-40’ (BMNH); examined. Other material examined Kenya: 96 ex., same data label as holotype, ‘4-40 (2 ex.) / 5-40 (30 ex.) / 6-40 (64 ex.)’ (NMK); 1 ex., Chyulu Hills, 2°41∞S/37°53∞E, 1900 m, June 1888 (BMNH); 1 ex., Nairobi Park, 1°22∞S/37°0∞ E, D. G. Furth (NMNH).Published as part of Freund, W. & Wagner, TH., 2003, Revision of Bonesioides Laboissière, 1925 (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Galerucinae) from continental Africa, pp. 1915-1976 in Journal of Natural History 37 (16) on pages 1944-1947, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110096519, http://zenodo.org/record/526040
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