1,721,003 research outputs found
Identification of the paracrine signals involved in immunomodulation, regeneration and cancer progression
No full textL’immunoterapia e la medicina rigenerativa coinvolgono l’uso di linee cellulari e loro derivati per il ripristino di funzioni compromesse. La comprensione della comunicazione cellulare (cross-talk) coinvolge numerosi segnali paracrine, i quali agiscono da modulatori dell’espressione genica delle cellule stesse. In particolare, le cellule staminali mesenchimali (MSC) sono promettenti candidati per la terapia cellulare, essendo dotate di proprietà specifiche (elevate proliferazione, capacità differenziativa, bassa immunogenicità e buone proprietà immune-soppressive e immune-modulatorie). In questo progetto di Dottorato, MSC derivate da Villi Coriali (hCV) e da Liquido Amniotico (hAF), da donne in buona salute, sono state caratterizzate ed è stato valutato l’effetto del terreno condizionato prelevato da esse in due linee di cellule del cancro ovarico. In particolare, gli esosomi all’ interno del terreno sono stati purificati e caratterizzati tramite microscopio e nanoparticle tracking. Sebbene le hCV-MSC sono risultate migliori in termini di proliferazione, il trattamento con hAF-MSC ha mostrato una riduzione di vitalità in modelli 2D, tuttavia, questi risultati non sono stati confermati in modelli 3D. Secondariamente è stato valutato l’effetto di un background patologico (Sindrome di Down) sulle caratteristiche delle hCV- MSC, riscontrando la maggior discrepanza in termini proliferativi, produzione di markers infiammatori e di radicali.
Infine, il terzo scopo è stato di valutare l’attività di inibizione della crescita cellulare in MCF-7 e PANC02, da parte di una combinazione tra due composti naturali Wasabia japonica e Active hexose correlated compound. La combinazione è stata testata tramite saggi di proliferazione, tossicità’ e azione immunomodulatoria, dimostrando che il mix presentava maggiori effetti di inibizione rispetto ai singoli composti.
In conclusione, gli studi sul cross-talk possono costituire un nuovo approccio per contrastare differenti condizioni patologiche ed intensificare l’azione del sistema immunitario.Immunotherapy and regenerative medicine involves the use of living cells, or their derivatives, to modulate the function of endogenous cells. Cell communication, named “cross-talk”, involves numerous paracrine signals, exchanged between cells, which have been reported to modulate the behavior of specific cell lines. The Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) are very promising candidate for cell-therapy due to their properties (high proliferation rate, differentiation capacity, low immunogenicity and good immuno-suppressive and modulatory properties). In this PhD project, Human Chorionic Villi (hCV) and Amniotic Fluid (hAF) derived from MSCs, have been characterized in terms of proliferative and differentiation abilities.
The first aim of this work was to study the interaction in two ovarian cancer cell lines, exposed to the conditioned medium of characterized hCV-MSCs and hAF- MSCs, focusing the attention in the soluble factors contained in the conditioned medium. The results derived from AF-MSCs showed a major effect on both ovarian cancer cells in 2D models but not replicated when using 3D cell cultures. As second aim, the interference of pathological backgrounds, i.e. Down Syndrome, on the hCV-MSCs abilities was investigated. The major discrepancies derived from the pathology were a reduction in term of proliferation an increase of production of inflammation markers and radical oxygen species.
Finally, the third aim was to evaluate the growth inhibitory activity of the combination between two natural compounds (Wasabia japonica and Active
hexose correlated), on MCF-7 and PANC02 cell lines. Our study demonstrated that the combination of these two natural compounds had a great inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activity compared to the single compounds on cancer cells.
Taken together our results, the cross-talk played the pivotal role in the regulation of cellular processes and its extremely variable effects, dependent on the considered cell line
Fetal adnexa derived stem cells from domestic animal : progress and perspectives
No full textThe fetal adnexa such as umbilical cord, amnion and amniotic fluid have been proposed as ideal sources of different stem cell
lineages. Use of adnexal tissue has many potential advantages, including the noninvasive nature of the isolation procedure, the large tissue mass from which cells can be harvested with high efficiency and the potential of these cells to differentiate. Moreover, particularly
in human medicine, the harvesting of these tissues is more ethically acceptable making these sources of stem cells very attractive for regenerative therapies and biotechnological applications. The adnexal tissue cells preserve some of the characteristics of the primitive
embryonic layers from which they originate. Indeed, many studies indicate that these stem cells exhibit some features of embryonic stem cells as expression of embryonic markers and proliferation capability, without showing immunogenicity. However, the differentiation
potential of these cells, either in vivo or in vitro, is intermediate between the pluripotent embryonic stem cells and the multipotent adult stem cells. Non-embryonic extra-fetal derived stem cells have opened new perspectives for developmental biology and for regenerative medicine, not only in humans but also in animals. In this update, we report the state of the art of fetal adnexa-derived stem cells from domestic animals and analyze their applications and potential uses in veterinary medicine
Characterization of equine amnion-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) after cryopreservation
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Can leptin and progesterone be involved in fertilization in the horse? cleavage rate after icsi or ivf
No full textObjective of this study was not only to investigate the immunocytochemical detection of leptin (Ob) and leptin receptor (Ob-R) on equine spermatozoa and on horse oocytes (compact and expanded-cumulus; pre and post in vitro maturation) but also to determine whether leptin supplementation (1, 10, 100, 1000 ng/ml) during IVM could have effects on horse oocyte developmental capacity after fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Results indicated that Ob and Ob-R were located at the post-acrosomal level, in the midpiece and through the tail of equine spermatozoa. The present results showed that leptin demonstrated beneficial effects on meiotic maturation and on fertilization after ICSI but had no effects on embryo development or even negative effects at high concentrations. Leptin and progesterone had effects on capacitation and acrosome reaction but only progesterone allowed sperm penetration by standard IVF. However, the immunocytochemical presence of Ob and Ob-R on equine spermatozoa do not preclude the possible action of leptin on other sperm functions such as sperm-zona pellucida binding and/or zona pellucida-induced acrosome reaction
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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