1,720,953 research outputs found
Intossicazione da clostridium botulinum di tipo B nel cavallo adulto nel nord Italia: 1 caso clinico
No full textIntroduzione. Il botulismo è una rara affezione caratterizzata da paralisi simmetrica dei nervi cranici seguita da paralisi della muscolatura volontaria in seguito al blocco delle sinapsi colinergiche a livello delle giunzioni neuromuscolari. Nell’uomo e nei mammiferi domestici è causata dall’esposizione a 7 differenti neurotossine prodotte dal Clostridium botulinum. Diversi autori riportano come la specie equina sia particolarmente sensibile agli effetti della tossina botulinica; negli ultimi anni la patologia è stata frequentemente segnalata in molti paesi dell’UE oltre a USA, Canada, Australia, Nuova Zelanda, Israele e Senegal. In Italia, fatta eccezione per due casi clinici riportati nel 2008, non esistono segnalazioni relative al cavallo nel quale il mancato obbligo della notifica non consente una raccolta di dati epidemiologici utili. Inoltre, l’assenza di un siero antibotulinico registrato per questa specie nonché la mancata disponibilità sul mercato italiano di un vaccino, rappresentano delle limitazioni che non facilitano il clinico qualora si trovi ad affrontare questa malattia allo stato attuale in questo paese. Descrizione del caso. Un pony castrone di 10 anni è stato riferito d’urgenza per disfagia acuta, accompagnata da atonia e ptosi laterale della lingua. L’alimentazione era base di insilati di produzione aziendale. La temperatura rettale era di 38°C e le mucose esplorabili apparivano congeste. Si rilevava tachisfigmia (96 bpm) e frequenza respiratoria pari a 12 atti al minuto, con respiro lento e profondo. All’esame neurologico lo stato mentale risultava nella norma mentre lo stato del sensorio appariva depresso. Si rilevava un’alterazione della postura con abbassamento della testa, arti posteriori mantenuti sotto di sé e continua alternanza di carico al bipede posteriore. All’esame dei nervi cranici si rilevava midriasi persistente e marcato rallentamento del riflesso pupillare, sia diretto che consensuale, bilateralmente (II e al III paio). A carico della lingua, si evidenziavano ptosi con deviazione laterale, atonia e paralisi flaccida (XII paio). Si evidenziavano, infine, marcato rallentamento nel riflesso di deglutizione e dubbia risposta allo slap test (IX e X paio). L’esame dinamico, eseguito al passo, evidenziava marcata debolezza a carico del treno posteriore bilateralmente, con difficoltà di riposizionamento e sway test positivo. Il riscontro di leucocitosi neutrofilica, accompagnata da linfopenia, monocitosi ed iperglicemia erano compatibili con una condizione di stress acuto del soggetto, mentre l’aumento dell’attività sierica di LDH e CPK suggeriva una condizione di stress coinvolgente il sistema neuromuscolare. L’emogasanalisi arteriosa rilevava un quadro di grave ipossiemia riferibile a ridotta efficienza ventilatoria. Il quadro clinico appariva altamente suggestivo di una sindrome neuromuscolare conseguente ad intossicazione alimentare da tossina botulinica. Nonostante venisse tempestivamente predisposto un protocollo terapeutico di tipo intensivo, comprensivo della somministrazione del siero polivalente anti tossina botulinica umana, il pony giungeva a morte per insufficienza respiratoria acuta il giorno successivo al ricovero. La conferma del sospetto diagnostico di botulismo è avvenuta tramite isolamento delle spore di Clostridium botulinum tipo B nelle feci e nel contenuto ciecale del paziente mediante real time PCR. La ricerca delle tossine tramite prova biologica ha fornito invece esito negativo su campioni intra-vitam e postmortem. L’assenza, all’esame autoptico, di rilievi specifici macroscopici ed istologici ha permesso di escludere con certezza le altre diagnosi differenziali possibili. Conclusioni. Il caso clinico descrive un grave episodio di intossicazione acuta da Clostridium botulinum tipo B causata dall’ingestione della tossina preformata nell’insilato somministrato come alimento. La diffusione del botulismo equino da sierotipo B nei paesi del nord Europa e negli USA (“forage poisoning”) è strettamente associata all’utilizzo di insilato; la recente introduzione di questo alimento nel razionamento dietetico del cavallo in Italia potrebbe rappresentare un fattore di rischio considerando il clima caldo-umido, favorevole allo sviluppo delle tossine, che caratterizza il territorio italiano per buona parte dell’anno. La gravità della sintomatologia manifestata dal soggetto ha imposto l’attuazione di un protocollo terapeutico d’emergenza, comprensivo di tempestiva somministrazione dell’antisiero unitamente al trattamento di sostegno. Le complessità burocratiche necessarie ll’ottenimento del siero antibotulinico, disponibile in Italia unicamente a Roma, presso il Ministero della Salute, rendono le tempistiche inadeguate. È auspicabile che una futura registrazione del siero antibotulino per il cavallo in Italia lo renda più immediatamente disponibile. La vaccinazione a scopo preventivo nelle aree in cui è diffuso l’utilizzo dell’insilato è vivamente consigliata
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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