413 research outputs found
Xenelmis comis Hinton 1946
No full textXenelmis comis Hinton, 1946 Xenelmis comis Hinton, 1946 b: 240 BRAZIL: Santa Catarina: Nova Teutônia—Hinton (1946 b), Brown (1970), Brazil—Manzo (2006).Published as part of Segura, Melissa Ottoboni, Valente-Neto, Francisco & Fonseca-Gessner, Alaíde Aparecida, 2012, Checklist of the Elmidae (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea) of Brazil, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 3260 on page 15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.28070
Epitetracnemus comis Noyes & Ren
No full text2. <i>Epitetracnemus comis</i> Noyes & Ren <p>(Figs 55−60)</p> <p> <i>Epitetracnemus comis</i> Noyes & Ren, 1987: 172 −173. Holotype Ψ (IZCAS, examined), China.</p> <p> <i>Epitetracnemus comis</i>; Trjapitzin, 1989: 486; Zhang & Huang, 2004: 64; Xu & Huang, 2004: 139.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> <i>Female.</i> Body length 1.0− 1.5 mm. Body dark brown with a metallic green or blue sheen; mesoscutum with green-blue reflections; scutellum with purplish reflections; antenna (Fig. 55) generally dark brown except apices of scape and pedicel, and F6 yellowish, F1−F5 yellowish-brown; fore wing with infuscate pattern as in Fig. 56; fore leg (Fig. 57) yellow except femur almost entirely and tibia dorsally dark brown, tarsus dark yellowish-brown; mid leg (Fig. 58) yellow except coxa, apical half of femur and subbasal band of tibia dark brown; hind leg (Fig. 59) yellow except coxa and subbasal band of tibia dark brown.</p> <p>Head. Frontovertex width at anterior ocellus 1/5−1/6 head width; ocelli forming an angle of about 45º; posterior ocellus touching inner eye margin, and separated from occiptal margin by 2 × its own diameter; antennal scape about 4 × as long as broad; F1−F3 slightly transverse; F4−F6 subquadrate; clava about as long as funicle (Fig. 55); mandible with two teeth and an upper serrate truncation (Noyes & Ren 1987, fig. 8).</p> <p>Thorax. Fore wing (Fig. 56) about 2.5 × as long as broad; marginal vein conspicuously longer than stigmal vein; postmarginal vein short or nearly absent.</p> <p>Gaster. Ovipositor sheaths (Fig. 60) slightly exserted, by 1/8−1/7 gaster length.</p> <p>Relative measurements. MT 50, OL 70, GL 20.</p> <p> <i>Male.</i> Generally similar to female except for antennae and genitalia (see Noyes & Ren 1987).</p> <p> <b>Host.</b> <i>Pseudaulacaspis pentagona</i> Targioni-Tozzetti (Noyes & Ren 1987).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> China (Noyes & Ren 1987; Zhang & Huang 2004).</p> <p> <b>Type material examined.</b> CHINA: Guangdong, Baiyun, 19.viii.1984, ex. <i>Pseudaulacaspis pentagona</i> on <i>Prunus persica</i>, coll. H. Ren (holotype Ψ, IZCAS).</p> <p> <b>Non-type material examined.</b> CHINA: Sichuan, Chengdu, 23.vii.1963, ex. <i>Pseudaulacaspis pentagona</i> on <i>Prunus persica</i>, coll. D.X. Liao (5 ΨΨ); Chengdu, 10−11.vii.1963, coll. D.X. Liao (12 ΨΨ, 2 ɗɗ). Zhejiang, Wuyan Ling, 3.viii.2005, Coll. Y.X. Zhao (1 Ψ).</p> <p> <b>Comments.</b> Recently, Li <i>et al.</i> (2002) described <i>Epitetracnemus kosef</i> Li & Byun from Korea, which is very similar to <i>E. comis</i> except the antennal clava is slightly longer.</p>Published as part of <i>Zhang, Yan-Zhou & Shi, Zhen-Ya, 2010, The species of Adelencyrtus Ashmead and Epitetracnemus Girault (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from China, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 2605</i> on pages 19-20, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/197666">10.5281/zenodo.197666</a>
Barichneumon comis
No full textBarichneumon comis (W ESMAEL, 1857) R e m a r k: The available ♂ from Georgia differs from the holotypus by: fore coxa with ivory spots, middle and hind coxae and trochanters black. Hypostomal carina only slightly elevated. Collum and frontal margin of pronotum blackish. The structure and coloration is otherwise typical. M a t e r i a l: H 4: 1♂ 15-25.VI. D i s t r i b u t i o n: Europe, new for Georgia and the Caucasus region.Published as part of Riedel, Matthias, Diller, Erich & Japoshvili, George, 2018, The Ichneumonid fauna (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Lagodekhi Reserve, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of four new species, pp. 1447-1507 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 1478, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.527509
Andeocalynda comis Hennemann & Conle 2020, n. gen., n. comb.
No full textAndeocalynda comis (Bates, 1865) n. gen., n. comb. (Fig. 7) Bacteria comis Bates, 1865: 330, pl. 12a–b (♂). HT, ♂: E coll. (1839–73) W.W. Saunders, Purchased and pres. ’73 by Mrs F.W. Hope; Bogotá; Type—Bates. Bacteria comis, Trans. Linn. Soc. XXV, 1865, p. 330, pl. 44, fig. 12b; Type Orth: 606, Bacteria comis Bates, Hope Dept. Ent. Oxford [UMO, No. 606]. n. comb. Clonistria comis, Kirby, 1904: 351. Redtenbacher, 1908: 406. Otte & Brock, 2005: 107. Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 58. Further material examined: 1 ♂: La Mesa (Cund.), 12.IX.93, C. Ville [UNAB]; 1 ♂: Palerno (Huila) 30-IX-96, Henry Trujillo [UNAB]. Diagnosis: Males of this species are similar to A. carrikeri (Hebard, 1919) and A. tuberculata n. sp., sharing the gradually ascendant anal segment with both species (Fig. 7C). From the first they differ by the stockier habitus, the much shorter and broader head, lack of a dark postocular streak on the genae as well as the lack of a central node of the poculum (Fig. 6C). With the second species ♂♂ of A. comis share the short and broad head and node-less poculum, but the poculum is notably less inflated and bulgy than in A. tuberculata n. sp. and has the posterior margin acutely triangular (Fig. 7E), abdominal tergum IX and the anal segment are proportionally longer and the cerci are more slender and with the apex much less blunt. Body length of the holotype 88.9 mm. Comments: Here transferred from the Antillean genus Clonistria Stål, 1875 where it was placed by Kirby (1904: 351). A ♀ from San Martin (Dept. Meta) in ILUD might be the opposite sex, but more material including males from this locality will be needed for confirmation. The specimen is similar to A. tuberculata n. sp. but smaller with less slender tarsi and with a blunt sub-basal tooth on the two outer ventral carina of the mesofemora. Distribution: Central Colombia: Dept. Cundinamarca (Bogotá & La Mesa); Dept. Huila (Palermo).Published as part of Hennemann, Frank H. & Conle, Oskar V., 2020, Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XXIV: Andeocalynda n. gen., a new genus of Andean stick insects, with the descriptions of nine new species from Colombia and Ecuador (Phasmatodea: " Anareolatae ": Diapheromeridae: Diapheromerinae), pp. 301-341 in Zootaxa 4896 (3) on pages 312-313, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/438377
Aerodynamic shape optimization of rotary wing aircraft components using advanced multiobjective evolutionary algorithms
Get PDFThe aim of this Doctoral Thesis, sponsored by AgustaWestland, is the design and development of a multi-objective optimization procedure that involves the application of the GeDEA-II, a powerful and time-saving evolutionary algorithm recently developed by the author at the University of Padova, able to perform multi-objective optimization analyses with the general approach of the Pareto frontier search. When compared to other state-of-the-art multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, it features novel crossover and mutation operators, and demonstrated superior performance.
This optimizer supervises an automatic optimization loop involving the CFD commercial and free, open source solvers, respectively Fluent® and OpenFOAM®.
Altair Hyperworks package is chosen as the free-form-deformation parameterization engine.
The test cases chosen to demonstrate the strength of the procedure implemented concern the aerodynamic optimization of the AgustaWestland ERICA nose region, and the optimization of the intake 1 of the AW101 helicopter, that is really challenging problems from both the engineering and the industrial point of view.
Starting from the the geometry elaboration and proceeding to the results discussion, each step of the optimization procedure is described in details, with particular focus on the automatic optimization loop, directly programmed by the author in both UNIX/Linux and Windows environments.
The results obtained surely demonstrate the effectiveness of the multiobjective approach chosen to carry out this work.
Furthermore, some suggestions for future improvements and developments are provided, with the purpose to increase the strength of the discussed multi-objective optimization tool.Lo scopo di questa tesi di Dottorato in Energetica, finanziata da AgustaWestland, consiste nella progettazione e sviluppo di una procedura di ottimizzazione multi-obiettivo, che comprende l’applicazione del GeDEA-II, un algoritmo genetico/evolutivo recentemente sviluppato dall’autore presso l’Università di Padova.
Tale algoritmo permette di effettuare analisi di ottimizzazione multiobiettivo, sfruttando l’approccio del tutto generale che va sotto il nome di “Ricerca del Fronte di Pareto”. Rispetto ad altri algoritmi evolutivi multi-obiettivo “state-of-the-art”, esso presenta operatori di crossover e mutazione innovativi, che ne migliorano in maniera significativa le performance.
Questo ottimizzatore è accoppiato con i codici CFD commerciali e gratuiti, rispettivamente Fluent® and OpenFOAM®. Il pacchetto Altair Hyperworks, codice ufficiale presso AgustaWestland per il pre-processing di fusoliere di elicottero, è scelto quale software per la parametrizzazione free-form. I casi test scelti per dimostrare l’efficacia di tale procedura consistono nell’ottimizzazione aerodinamica della regione frontale del tilt rotor dimostrativo ERICA, e della presa d’aria 1 dell’elicottero AW101. Tali casi costituiscono problemi stimolanti sia da un punto di vista puramente ingegneristico, sia da un punto di vista industriale. A partire dall’elaborazione della geometria, e procedendo con la discussione dei risultati ottenuti, ogni passo della procedura di ottimizzazione è descritto in dettaglio, con particolare enfasi dedicata al ciclo di ottimizzazione, sviluppato dall’autore sia in ambiente UNIX, sia in ambiente Windows. I risultati ottenuti dimostrano l’efficacia dell’approccio di ottimizzazione basato sull’algoritmo GeDEAII, scelto per sviluppare questo lavoro. Inoltre, vengono forniti alcuni consigli inerenti lo sviluppo futuro di questa procedura di ottimizzazione, con l’obiettivo di migliorare ulteriormente le capacità e la robustezza del ciclo di ottimizzazione
Hypoponera comis Bolton & Fisher, 2011, sp. n.
No full textHypoponera comis Bolton & Fisher sp. n. (Figs 22 – 24) WORKER (holotype in parentheses). Measurements: HL 0.61 – 0.65 (0.64), HW 0.48 – 0.50 (0.50), HS 0.545 – 0.570 (0.570), SL 0.44 – 0.47 (0.46), PrW 0.38 – 0.40 (0.40), WL 0.80 – 0.88 (0.86), HFL 0.42 – 0.46 (0.46), PeNL 0.16 – 0.17 (0.16), PeH 0.39 – 0.41 (0.40), PeNW 0.29 – 0.32 (0.32), PeS 0.280 – 0.270 (0.297) (8 measured). Indices: CI 75 – 79 (78), SI 92 – 96 (92), PeNI 75 – 82 (80), LPeI 39 – 44 (40), DPeI 185 – 200 (200). Small eyes present but sometimes difficult to see against the black colour of the side of the head; usually of 1 – 2 ommatidia but up to 4 may be present. In full-face view apex of scape, when laid straight back from its insertion, just fails to reach the midpoint of the posterior margin; SL/HL 0.70 – 0.75. Cephalic dorsum finely but distinctly reticulate-punctate. Pronotal dorsum almost smooth, with spaced, minute, superficial punctures, obviously much less strongly and densely sculptured than cephalic dorsum. Latroventral surfaces of head with spaced minute punctures. Metanotal groove absent to vestigially present on dorsum of mesosoma. Mesonotal-mesopleural suture absent to vestigially marked on side of mesosoma. Propodeum distinctly marginate between declivity and side. Posterior surface of petiole node without short cuticular ridges that radiate upward from the peduncle. Node of petiole in profile tall and slender, the anterior and posterior faces distinctly convergent dorsally so that the node is much broader just above the tubercle than at its apex, the dorsum narrowly convex. Subpetiolar process with an obtuse ventral angle. Petiole node in dorsal view short from front to back and very broad. Maximum width of first gastral tergite in dorsal view distinctly greater than the width of the second gastral tergite at its midlength. Base of cinctus of second gastral tergite glossy and polished, without trace of cross-ribs. Midline length of second gastral posttergite, from posterior margin of cinctus to apex, is about equal to or slightly less than the width of the segment at its midlength. Disc of second gastral tergite with sharply incised, small punctures that are separated by areas of glossy cuticle; the diameters of the punctures are distinctly less than the distances separating them. First and second gastral tergites dorsally pubescent and with a number of short, standing setae that conspicuously project above the level of the pubescence in profile. Full adult colour of head and mesosoma blackish brown to black, the petiole and gaster usually slightly lighter than the head. Holotype worker, Ta nz a n i a: Iringa Region, Ndundulu Forest Reserve, 1567 m., 23-26.x.2007, CEPF-TZ-8.2-F21, 7.78912S, 36.48539E, AFRC-TZ-03, primary forest, leaf litter, Winkler (P. Hawkes, M. Bhoke, U. Richard) (SAMC). Paratypes. 11 workers and 1 dealate queen, with same data as holotype (SAMC, CASC, AFRC, BBRC). Closely related to importuna and with a similar, relatively very broad petiole in dorsal view. In addition to the differences in colour and petiole shape and size noted in the key, importuna is larger than comis, with HW 0.52 – 0.58, HS 0.590 – 0.650, SL 0.48 – 0.52, PrW 0.42 – 0.46. See also the notes under occidentalis.Published as part of Bolton, B. & Fisher, B. L., 2011, Taxonomy of Afrotropical and West Palaearctic ants of the ponerine genus Hypoponera Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 1-118 in Zootaxa 2843 on pages 37-3
Calythea comis
No full textCalythea comis (Stein, 1911) <p>(Figs. 3 a-c, 4i-l, 5d-f, 6)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Calythea comis can be separated from the other Neotropical species of the genus in the frons with fronto-orbital plates separated by frontal vitta (Fig. 3a); distance between presutural acrostichal rows, even anteriorly in the first pair, shorter than their distance to dorsocentral rows; and pattern of pruinosity, which extends forward covering the region of dorsocentral setae, forming an inconspicuous stripe (Fig.3b).</p> <p> <b>Redescription.</b> Male. Body length: 4.5-5.0 mm. Wing length: 4.0- 4.5 mm.</p> <p>Thorax black with silvery pruinose on postpronotal lobe and notopleuron; pronotum pruinose basally running parallel to the notopleural suture, extending to transverse suture with forward projection, reaching the anterior dorsocentral presutural seta (Fig. 3b). Calypters white with the edge yellow. Halter basally brownish and yellow apically. Legs black with pulvillus yellowish. Abdomen black with silvery pruinosity on tergites 2-5, forming two dorsal almost triangular spots, segments 3 and 4 with laterally and superiorly prolonged spots.</p> <p> <b>Head.</b> Eyes bare. Frontal vitta narrow, distance between eyes subequal to width to anterior ocellus (Fig. 3a). 6-7 pairs of frontal setae. Face not projecting beyond frontal angle. Gena shorter than length of pedicel. Parafacialia relatively broad, with about 1/3 of postpedicel width. Postpedicel twice longer than pedicel. Pedicel with long dorsal setae, shorter than pedicel.</p> <p> <b>Thorax.</b> 2 postpronotals; dorsocentrals 2+3; acrostichals 4+8 setulaelike, with only the prescutellar developed; prealar absent. Anepisternum with a row of 5 posterior setae and an upward anterior seta below anterior notopleural seta. Scutellum with a pair of basal, preapical and apical setae; the apical seta almost twice longer than the basal one. Meron with a tuft of 4-5 setulae, located posteriorly below spiracle. Katepimeron with 4-5 setulae.</p> <p> <b>Legs.</b> Fore tibia with 1 submedian p seta; 1 preapical d seta, and 1 apical pv; fore pretarsus with 1 basal v seta. Mid femur with 4 v setae at base; and 2 p preapical setae; midtibia with 1 median pv seta, 1 submedian p seta; preapical seta on av, d, pv, and v. Hind femur with 2 av rows, 1 long and stout and 1 long fine; 2 ad, 2d, and 1pd preapicals; 1 pv row of long and sparse setae; hind tibia with a submedian av, 1 supramedian and 1 submedian ad, and a long submedian pd seta three times longer than tibia width; preapical seta on av and d; hind pretarsus with 1 basal v seta.</p> <p> <b>Abdomen.</b> With many covered setulae; sternite 1 setulose, setulae twice longer than sternite length; tergite 3-5 with long median and lateral marginal seta, terminal segment with apical and discal setae; sternite 5 rectangular with a serrated edge on posterior incision (Fig.4i).</p> <p> <b>Terminalia.</b> Cerci triangular in posterior view (Fig. 4j); surstyli in posterior view long and straight, with proximal rounded incision (Fig. 4j), and in lateral view, slightly curved and slightly enlarged apically (Fig. 4k); Hypopygium in lateral view with phalapodema long and slightly curved, pregonite with two long setae, postgonite with a median long seta and two apical setulae, epiphallus as long as postgonite, distiphallus very large and rounded (Fig. 4l).</p> <p> <b>Female.</b> Similar to male, except:Thorax with 3 conspicuous dorsal stripes, width of central stripe not exceeding the line of acrostichal setae; and 2 inconspicuous thin stripes close to central stripe, with about 1/5 the width of central stripe (Fig. 3c). Scutellum fully pruinose, except basally on lateral region.Anepisternum with a row of 3 posterior setae. Meron with a tuft of 3-5 setulae, located posteriorly below spiracle. Katepimeron with 3 setulae. Terminalia with cerci dilated distally, with long setae; epiproct subtriangular, as long as its wide; hypoproct subconical, 1.3 times longer than its wide; sternite 6 and 7 trapezoid; tergite 6 and 7 T-shaped dorsally; sternite 8 shorter than tergite 8 (Figs. 5 d-f).</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Brazil: Paraná, Antonina, Reserva Sapitanduva [-25.439498, -48.746125], Lâmpada [light trap], Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR, 02.xi.1986, 1♀ (DZUP 099272); Castro [-24.7978, -49.9976], S. Loroca, ix.1961, 3♂♂ (DZUP 099245–47); Curitiba [-25.4332, -49.2667], P.D.Hurd, xi.1959, 2♀♀ (DZUP 099270–71); same label information, except: 900m, Dept. Zoologia, 14.i.1986, 1♀ (DZUP 099278); Palmas [Palmas Grasslands Wildlife Refuge], 1115m, grasslands, -26.5025, -51.6755, A. C. Pereira, 9.xii.2013, 1♂ (DZUP); same label information except: 29.x.2014, 2♀♀ (DZUP); 28.iv.2014, 1♀ (DZUP); 16.i.2014, 1♂ (DZUP); 20.x.2014, 1♂ and 1♀ (DZUP); 29.x.2014, 1♀ (DZUP); inside forest, -26.5022, -51.6738, 12.vii.2014, 1♂ (DZUP); regeneration area, -26.5572, -51.5422, 03.xii.2013, 1♀ (DZUP); 21.ix.2012, 1♂ (DZUP); Tijucas do Sul, Morro do Araçatuba, -25.8997, -49.0096, 1200 m, P.C. Grossi, 01.xi.2010, 2♂♂ and 22 ♀♀ (DZUP); Rio Grande do Sul, Arroio Grande, Distrito Mauá [-32.233483, -53.086682], Malaise trap, R. F. Krüger, 22.xi.2002, 2♀♀ (DZUP 099253; 099256); same label information, except: P. B. Ribeiro, 6♀♀ (DZUP 099259–64); 15.xi.2002, 2♀♀ (DZUP 099254–55); 07.ii.2003, 1♀ (DZUP 099257); 31.i.2003, 1♀ (DZUP 099258); Santa Catarina, Itajaí, EMPASC [-26.9534, -48.7358], C. Paloschi, ix.1988, 1♂ (DZUP 099244); same label information except: xi.1989, 4♀♀ (DZUP 099265–68). Chile: Bío-Bío, Lag. Laja [-37.4042, -71.3415], Luis Peñas, 13.ii.1957, 1♂ (WSU); Los Lagos, Maullín, Llanquihue [-41.2675, -73.0240], Luis Peñas, 16–21. ii.1957, 2♂♂ (WSU); Valparaíso, Laguna Verde [-33.1054, -71.6676], L. E. Peña, x.1969, 15♂♂ and 6♀♀ (MZUSP).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Argentina (Río-Negro), Brazil (Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul *, Santa Catarina), Chile (Bío-Bío *, Los Lagos, Valparaíso *) and Peru (Tacna) (Malloch, 1934; Albuquerque, 1953; Pont and Ackland, 2009; Gomes et al., 2019) (Fig. 6). *= new records.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The type-locality indicated as Tacna, Chile (Stein 1911; Pont and Ackland 2009) is a region that currently belongs to Peru. Some specimens from Chile have the body covered by pollen. There are some male specimens from Argentina, Brazil and Chile with 1-4 setulae on meron, which probably belong to this species (V.Michelsen, pers. comm.).</p>Published as part of <i>Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira & Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de, 2022, Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America, pp. 1-11 in Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) (e 20210102) 66 (1)</i> on pages 8-9, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8111413">http://zenodo.org/record/8111413</a>
Dental care during COVID‐19 pandemic: Follow‐up survey of experts' opinion
Get PDFOBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present survey is to give an update of European experts' opinion on infection control and prevention in dentistry during second wave of pandemic. The secondary aim was to analyse how experts' opinion changed in the light of the new scientific evidence since the first wave. MATERIAL & METHODS: An anonymous online 14-item questionnaire was sent to a total of 27 leading academic experts in Oral (and Maxillofacial) Surgery from different European countries, who had completed a previous survey in April-May 2020. The questionnaire covered the topics of dental setting safety, personal protective equipment (PPE), and patient-related measures to minimise transmission risk. Data collection took place in November-February 2020/21. RESULTS: 26 experts participated in the follow-up survey. The overall transmission risk in dental settings was scored significantly lower compared to the initial survey (P<0.05), though the risk associated with aerosol generating procedures (AGP) was still considered to be high. Maximum PPE was less frequently recommended for non-AGP (P<0.05), whereas the majority of experts still recommended FFP2/FFP3 masks (80.8%), face shields or goggles (88.5%), gowns (61.5%), and caps (57.7%) for AGP. Most of the experts also found mouth rinse relevant (73.1%) and reported to be using it prior to treatment (76.9%). No uniform opinion was found regarding the relevance of COVID-19 testing of staff and patients. CONCLUSION: With the continuation of dental care provision, transmission risk has been scored lower compared to the first wave of pandemic. However, high risk is still assumed for AGP, and maximum PPE remained advised for the respective treatments
The MUSIC of galaxy clusters - I. Baryon properties and scaling relations of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect
No full textWe introduce the Marenostrum-MultiDark SImulations of galaxy Clusters (MUSIC) data set. It constitutes one of the largest samples of hydrodynamically simulated galaxy clusters with more than 500 clusters and 2000 groups. The objects have been selected from two large N-body simulations and have been resimulated at high resolution using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) together with relevant physical processes that include cooling, UV photoionization, star formation and different feedback processes associated with supernovae explosions. In this first paper we focus on the analysis of the baryon content (gas and star) of clusters in the MUSIC data set as a function of both aperture radius and redshift. The results from our simulations are compared with a compilation of the most recent observational estimates of the gas fraction in galaxy clusters at different overdensity radii. We confirm, as in previous simulations, that the gas fraction is overestimated if radiative physics are not properly taken into account. On the other hand, when the effects of cooling and stellar feedbacks are included, the MUSIC clusters show a good agreement with the most recent observed gas fractions quoted in the literature. A clear dependence of the gas fractions with the total cluster mass is also evident. However, we do not find a significant evolution with redshift of the gas fractions at aperture radius corresponding to overdensities smaller than 1500 with respect to critical density. At smaller radii, the gas fraction does exhibit a decrease with redshift that is related to the gas depletion due to star formation in the central region of the clusters. The impact of the aperture radius choice, when comparing integrated quantities at different redshifts, is tested. The standard, widely used definition of radius at a fixed overdensity with respect to critical density is compared with a definition of aperture radius based on the redshift dependent overdensity with respect to background matter density: we show that the latter definition is more successful in probing the same fraction of the virial radius at different redshifts, providing a more reliable derivation of the time evolution of integrated quantities. We also present in this paper a detailed analysis of the scaling relations of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect derived from MUSIC clusters. The integrated SZ brightness, Y, is related to the cluster total mass, M, as well as, the M - Y counterpart which is more suitable for observational applications. Both laws are consistent with predictions from the self-similar model, showing a very low scatter which is σlog Y ≃ 0.04 and even a smaller one (σlog M ≃ 0.03) for the inverse M-Y relation. The effects of the gas fraction on the Y-M scaling relation are also studied. At high overdensities, the dispersion of the gas fractions introduces non-negligible deviation from self-similarity, which is directly related to the fgas-M relation. The presence of a possible redshift dependence on the Y-M scaling relation is also explored. No significant evolution of the SZ relations is found at lower overdensities, regardless of the definition of overdensity used
Dental care during COVID-19 pandemic : survey of experts' opinion.
Get PDFOBJECTIVES: The current COVID-19 outbreak in conjunction with the need to provide safe dental treatments, and the limited knowledge on the efficacy of protective measures has posed dentists into a challenging situation. Therefore, the present article aimed at collecting experiences and recommendations of front-line clinical experts on critical aspects of dental treatment provision during pandemic. MATERIAL & METHODS: , 2020. RESULTS: A total of 27 experts from different European countries completed the survey. The transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 in dental settings for aerosol generating procedures was considered high by all experts except two. For aerosol-free and aerosol generating procedures, more than 80% of the experts recommended face protection and caps for every single treatment. For aerosol-generating procedures, additional measures (FFP2/FFP3 masks and gowns) were suggested by the vast majority of the experts. To reduce transmission risk, all experts recommended limiting aerosol-generating procedures and reducing the number of patients in waiting areas as well as hand hygiene for the patients. CONCLUSION: The limitation of aerosol-generating procedures along with the usage of adequate personal protection equipment was considered to be crucial to protect dental health care providers and patients, thus reducing the transmission risk of COVID-19
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