643 research outputs found
Elaboración de una bebida deshidratada instantánea a base de guayaba enriquecida con proteína de soya en la provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, año 2012
No full textThis study's main objective is the development of an Instant Beverage dehydrated guava enriched with soy protein as an alternative to preserve the fruit (raw material).
This work was performed at the Laboratory of Agro ITSC (Calazacón Higher Technological Institute), located at km. 6 ½ via Quevedo, Sector La Aurora, Canton Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo Province of Tsáchilas.
There were two AxB factorial arrangement with six treatments and three repetitions each, the statistical test used was the Tukey test at 5% probability. The study factors were: Guava dehydrated being [A drying temperature (70 º C, 80 º C and 90 º C) and B drying time (3H and 5H)], and instant drink [A Percentage of guava dehydrated + Percentage of soy protein (80 + 20, 85 + 15, 90 + 10) and B Percent Sugar Stabilizer + (0.10 + 10, 0.15 +10)].
The variables studied were in the guava dehydrated: analyzing physical-chemical (pH, º Brix, moisture content, protein percentage, ash percentage and percentage of fiber) and drink instant analyzes organoleptic (color, aroma, flavor and consistency ), microbiological (total mesophilic (cfu / g), and total coliform count of fungi and yeasts) determined the best treatment of experimental responses of sensory analysis.
The results obtained in the first part of the treatment investigation allowed the identification No. 1 (70 ° C × 3H) as best determined after statistical analysis resulting from physical, chemical analyzes, this being that used treatment for obtaining raw material for the preparation of instant beverage.
The results obtained in the second part of the research identified Az1) x 0.15% +10% E 1 GD2 PS2 treatment No. 6 (90% + 10 as the best, as the who obtained greater acceptance by the taster panel in sensory evaluation and in terms of the parameters of the NTE INEN 2 471 (2010) is within specifications.
The economic analysis was performed and microbiological treatment No. 6, with the PVP of 2,61 cada funda de 110,15 gr. de bebida instantánea en polvo. Cabe recalcar que este producto aún no se encuentra en venta en los comisariatos del país
Caracterización de un modelo de servicios dinamizador de la gestión cultural : Caso de estudio distrito creativo Chapinero, Bogotá
No full textEste trabajo se concentra en la caracterización de un modelo de servicios diseñado para revitalizar la gestión cultural, destacando su capacidad de adaptarse a las necesidades específicas de los gestores culturales, el propósito principal de este estudio, es ofrecer una valiosa herramienta que respalde y fortalezca la ejecución de proyectos culturales por parte de los gestores. La investigación se basa en un caso de estudio centrado en el Distrito Creativo de Chapinero, específicamente en el barrio Quinta Camacho de Bogotá, Colombia. Durante el desarrollo de la investigación, se llevaron a cabo búsquedas de fuentes académicas y profesionales relacionadas con modelos de gestión cultural en el contexto de los Distritos Creativos a nivel global, además, se identificaron y analizaron los tipos de servicios culturales actualmente disponibles en la zona de Quinta Camacho.
El proyecto culmina con la modelización y validación de una metodología de diseño de servicios centrada en el usuario y enfocada en la gestión cultural, este enfoque tiene como objetivo primordial fortalecer la conexión entre los proyectos culturales y su audiencia, con la finalidad de fomentar un impacto cultural más profundo y significativo en la comunidad, enriqueciendo así la gestión cultural en su conjunto.This paper focuses on the characterization of a service model designed to revitalize cultural management, highlighting its capacity to adapt to the specific needs of cultural managers. valuable tool to support and strengthen the execution of cultural projects by cultural managers. The research is based on a case study focused on the Chapinero Creative District, specifically in the Quinta Camacho neighborhood of Bogota, Colombia. During the development of the research, academic and professional sources related to cultural management models in the context of Creative Districts at a global level were searched, and the types of cultural services currently available in the Quinta Camacho area were identified and analyzed.
The project culminates with the modeling and validation of a user-centered service design methodology focused on cultural management, with the primary objective of enhancing the connection between cultural projects and their audience, in order to foster a deeper cultural impact. This approach aims to strengthen the connection between cultural projects and their audience in order to foster a deeper and more meaningful cultural impact on the community, thus enriching cultural management as a whole
Coronary artery aneurysms, insights from the international coronary artery aneurysm registry (CAAR)
No full textNúñez-Gil, I.J., Cerrato, E., Bollati, M., Nombela-Franco, L., Terol, B., Alfonso-Rodríguez, E., Camacho Freire, S.J., Villablanca, P.A., Amat Santos, I.J., de la Torre Hernández, J.M., Pascual, I., Liebetrau, C., Camacho, B., Pavani, M., Albistur, J., Latini, R.A., Varbella, F., Jiménez-Díaz, V.A., Piraino, D., Mancone, M., Alfonso, F., Linares, J.A., Rodríguez-Olivares, R., Jiménez Mazuecos, J.M., Palazuelos Molinero, J., Sánchez-Grande Flecha, A., Gomez-Hospital, J.A., Ielasi, A., Lozano, Í., Omedè, P., Bagur, R., Ugo, F., Medda, M., Louka, B.F., Kala, P., Escaned, J., Bautista, D., Feltes, G., Salinas, P., Alkhouli, M., Macaya, C., Fernández-Ortiz, A., Benítez, P.M., Menchero, A.G., Jimenez, J.L., Fernandez, J.F.D., Makkiya, M., Bulcha, N., Suri, S., Rojas, P., Camarero, T.G., Avanzas, P., Morís, C., Berndt, C., Trujillo, P., Vignolo, G., Mila, R., Buccheri, D., Silva, P., Quadri, G., Tomassini, F., Rolfo, C., Hernández, E.H., Alonso, J.A.B., Romo, A.Í., Teresi, G., Andolina, G., Calcagno, S., Navarrete, G., Rivero, F., Cuesta, J., Benedetto, D., Arslan, F., Stella, P.R., Sánchez, M.I.B., Vicente, R.G., Montón, P.C., Carballeira, D., Bowden, G.Y., Torres, M.V., Cisnal, A.F., Leite, J.P.C., Grigis, G., Moretti, C., Montefusco, A., D'Ascenzo, F., Capasso, P., Bande, M., Casilli, F., Morkous, R., Yang, E., Ramakrishna, H., Poloczek, M., Miklik, R., Al Hallak, A., Cortese, B., Quevedo, P.J., Gonzalo, N., del Trigo, M., de Hoyos y Fernández de Córdova, A., de Agustín, J.A., Munir, A., Vivas, D
Sistema de información para la gestión administrativa de los practicantes en el gimnasio sport fitness
No full textS/
Effect of cation-anion balance of plants on soil acidification by nitrogen fertilizers
No full textCom o objetivo de determinar o balanço entre cátions e ânions de diferentes espécies vegetais adubadas com três fertilizantes nitrogenados e avaliar a influência desse balanço na reação do solo, um experimento em vasos foi conduzido em casa de vegetação com amostra do horizonte Ap de um Latossolo Roxo distrófico. O delineamento experimental, inteiramente casualizado, foi composto de 36 tratamentos em arranjo fatorial 4 x 3 x 3 com três repetições. O fatorial foi constituído de quatro modos de cultivo (sem cultivo e cultivos com milho, arroz e trigo sarraceno), três fontes de nitrogênio (nitrato de cálcio, NC; nitrato de amônio, NA; e sulfato de amônio, SA) e três doses de nitrogênio (0, 200 e 400 mg.kg-1 de N). A amostra de solo foi previamente tratada com uma mistura de CaCO3 e MgCO3 na proporção de 4: l, homogeneizada, umedecida e incubada por 15 dias com a finalidade de elevar o pH em CaCl2 a 5,6. Todas as parcelas receberam adição dos nutrientes P, K, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Mo e B. Seis plantas de trigo sarraceno (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.), quatro plantas de milho híbrido (Zea mays L.), cv. ICI-8586 e oito de arroz (Oryza sativa L.), cv. IAC-165 foram cultivadas durante 24, 32 e 40 dias, respectivamente, em vaso contendo 4 kg de terra. O material proveniente da parte aérea das plantas foi submetido às determinações de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na e Cl. Amostras de terra dos vasos foram coletadas e submetidas às determinações de pH em água, pH em CaCl2 0,0lM, acidez potencial (H + Al), Ca, Mg e K trocáveis e N mineral (NH4+ e NO3-). Na ausência de plantas, o efeito acidificante dos adubos sobre o solo foi maior para o SA do que para o NA, mostrando-se pequeno para NC. O NC, associado a plantas de milho e arroz, causou elevação do pH, mas na presença do trigo sarraceno exerceu pouca influência na reação do solo; o NA e o SA mostraram-se sempre acidificantes. As plantas tratadas com NC apresentaram maiores valores de excesso de bases (ou EB, significa a soma dos cátions inorgânicos Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ e Na+, menos os ânions inorgânicos H2PO4-, SO42- e Cl-, expressos em equivalentes) que as adubadas com NA e SA, sugerindo que o nitrato estimulou a absorção de cátions e reduziu a de ânions. Independentemente da fonte nitrogenada, o trigo sarraceno apresentou valores de EB maiores do que o milho e o arroz, indicando que a aquela dicotiledônea acumulou maior quantidade de cátions que as monocotiledôneas. As plantas adubadas com o nitrogênio na forma de nitrato mostraram relações excesso de bases/nitrogênio (EB/N) maiores que as tratadas com a forma amoniacal. Os aumentos do teor de nitrogênio nas plantas, causados pelas aplicações dos fertilizantes, não foram acompanhados de iguais aumentos no excesso de bases, resultando em diminuição da relação EB/N. Na ausência de nitrogênio aplicado, assim como na presença de NC, o trigo sarraceno mostrou relações EB/N superiores às das gramíneas, mas quando a forma amoniacal foi aplicada, a relação no trigo sarraceno caiu ao nível das gramíneas. O nitrogênio na forma nítrica conferiu relações EB/N menores que 1 nas plantas de milho e arroz, e efeito alcalinizante no solo; por outro lado, resultou relações maiores que um nas plantas de trigo sarraceno e efeito acidificante no solo. O nitrogênio nas formas nítrica-amoniacal e amoniacal propiciou relações EB/N menores que um independentemente da espécie cultivada, e um efeito acidificante no solo. As observações de Pierre e colaboradores, de que plantas com relações EB/N menores que um, apresentam efeito alcalinizante sobre o solo, enquanto as que possuem relações maiores que um, mostram efeito acidificante, foram válidas somente quando adubadas com o N na forma nítrica, não se verificando quando se empregaram as formas nítrica-amoniacal e amoniacal.A pot experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with soil samples collected from the surface horizon of a distrophic Red-Latosol (Typic Haplorthox) with the objective of determining the cation-anion balance of different plant species treated with three nitrogen fertilizers, and evaluating the influence of this balance on the soil reaction. A completely randomized design with three replications was utilized, comprising 36 treatments in a 4 x 3 x 3 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of four cultivation methods (no cultivation and cultivation with maize, rice and buckwheat), three nitrogen fertilizers (calcium nitrate, CN; ammonium nitrate, AN; and ammonium sulphate, AS) and three nitrogen rates (0, 200 e 400 mg.kg-1 of N). The soil sample was previously treated with a mixture of CaCO3 and MgCO3 in a ratio of 4: 1, homogenized, moistened and incubated for a period of 15 days in order to raise the pH in CaC12 to 5.6. All pots received the addition of the nutrients P, K, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Mo and B. Six buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) plants; four hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) plants, cv. ICI-8586, with medium tolerance to soil acidity; and eight rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants, cv. IAC-165 were cultivated for 24, 32 and 40 days, respectively, in pots with 4 kg of soil. Plant tops were collected and subjected to N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na e Cl determinations. Soil samples were collected and analyzed for pH in water, pH in 1M CaCl2, potential acidity (H + Al), exchangeable Ca, Mg and K, and mineral N (NH4+ e NO3-). In absence of plants, soil acidification from AS was more expressive than from AN, whereas CN showed a low influence on the soil reaction. CN in combination with maize and rice plants increased soil pH, but when associated to buckwheat the influence on the soil reaction was small. AN and AS always displayed an acidic effect. Excess base (or EB, means the excess of inorganic cations Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ over the inorganic anions H2PO4-, SO42- and Cl-, expressed as equivalents) values were higher in plants treated with CN than in plants receiving AN and AS, suggesting that nitrate stimulated the absorption of cations and reduced the absorption of anions. For any of the nitrogen sources, buckwheat plants showed higher EB values than maize and rice, indicating that the dicotyledon accumulated a higher amount of cations than the monocotyledons. Excess base/nitrogen (EB/N) ratios of plants fertilized with nitrogen as nitrate were higher than those of plants treated with nitrogen as ammonium. The increases in the nitrogen content of plants due to the fertilizers applications were not followed by similar increases in the excess of bases; the result was a decrease in the EB/N ratio of the plant. When nitrogen was not applied, or when it was applied as CN, buckwheat showed EB/N ratios higher than the grasses; however, when the ammonium form was added, the EB/N ratio of buckwheat dropped to the level of those found in grasses. Maize and rice plants fertilized with nitrogen as nitrate showed EB/N ratios lower than 1, whereas the soil pH increased; in the other hand, in the pots with buckwheat the plants displayed EB/N values higher than 1 and the soil pH decreased. When nitrogen was applied in the nitric-ammonium and ammonium forms, the EB/N ratios of the plants were lower than 1 either in the grasses or buckwheat, and the soil pH also decreased. The observations of Pierre and co-workers, that plants having EB/N ratios less than one should decrease the acidity of nitrogen fertilizers, whereas those with a ratio greater than one should increase it, showed to be valid only when the plants were fertilized with nitric nitrogen; therefore, the observations were not confirmed when a nitric-ammoniacal or an ammoniacal source was applyed
Effect of cation-anion balance of plants on soil acidification by nitrogen fertilizers
No full textCom o objetivo de determinar o balanço entre cátions e ânions de diferentes espécies vegetais adubadas com três fertilizantes nitrogenados e avaliar a influência desse balanço na reação do solo, um experimento em vasos foi conduzido em casa de vegetação com amostra do horizonte Ap de um Latossolo Roxo distrófico. O delineamento experimental, inteiramente casualizado, foi composto de 36 tratamentos em arranjo fatorial 4 x 3 x 3 com três repetições. O fatorial foi constituído de quatro modos de cultivo (sem cultivo e cultivos com milho, arroz e trigo sarraceno), três fontes de nitrogênio (nitrato de cálcio, NC; nitrato de amônio, NA; e sulfato de amônio, SA) e três doses de nitrogênio (0, 200 e 400 mg.kg-1 de N). A amostra de solo foi previamente tratada com uma mistura de CaCO3 e MgCO3 na proporção de 4: l, homogeneizada, umedecida e incubada por 15 dias com a finalidade de elevar o pH em CaCl2 a 5,6. Todas as parcelas receberam adição dos nutrientes P, K, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Mo e B. Seis plantas de trigo sarraceno (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.), quatro plantas de milho híbrido (Zea mays L.), cv. ICI-8586 e oito de arroz (Oryza sativa L.), cv. IAC-165 foram cultivadas durante 24, 32 e 40 dias, respectivamente, em vaso contendo 4 kg de terra. O material proveniente da parte aérea das plantas foi submetido às determinações de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na e Cl. Amostras de terra dos vasos foram coletadas e submetidas às determinações de pH em água, pH em CaCl2 0,0lM, acidez potencial (H + Al), Ca, Mg e K trocáveis e N mineral (NH4+ e NO3-). Na ausência de plantas, o efeito acidificante dos adubos sobre o solo foi maior para o SA do que para o NA, mostrando-se pequeno para NC. O NC, associado a plantas de milho e arroz, causou elevação do pH, mas na presença do trigo sarraceno exerceu pouca influência na reação do solo; o NA e o SA mostraram-se sempre acidificantes. As plantas tratadas com NC apresentaram maiores valores de excesso de bases (ou EB, significa a soma dos cátions inorgânicos Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ e Na+, menos os ânions inorgânicos H2PO4-, SO42- e Cl-, expressos em equivalentes) que as adubadas com NA e SA, sugerindo que o nitrato estimulou a absorção de cátions e reduziu a de ânions. Independentemente da fonte nitrogenada, o trigo sarraceno apresentou valores de EB maiores do que o milho e o arroz, indicando que a aquela dicotiledônea acumulou maior quantidade de cátions que as monocotiledôneas. As plantas adubadas com o nitrogênio na forma de nitrato mostraram relações excesso de bases/nitrogênio (EB/N) maiores que as tratadas com a forma amoniacal. Os aumentos do teor de nitrogênio nas plantas, causados pelas aplicações dos fertilizantes, não foram acompanhados de iguais aumentos no excesso de bases, resultando em diminuição da relação EB/N. Na ausência de nitrogênio aplicado, assim como na presença de NC, o trigo sarraceno mostrou relações EB/N superiores às das gramíneas, mas quando a forma amoniacal foi aplicada, a relação no trigo sarraceno caiu ao nível das gramíneas. O nitrogênio na forma nítrica conferiu relações EB/N menores que 1 nas plantas de milho e arroz, e efeito alcalinizante no solo; por outro lado, resultou relações maiores que um nas plantas de trigo sarraceno e efeito acidificante no solo. O nitrogênio nas formas nítrica-amoniacal e amoniacal propiciou relações EB/N menores que um independentemente da espécie cultivada, e um efeito acidificante no solo. As observações de Pierre e colaboradores, de que plantas com relações EB/N menores que um, apresentam efeito alcalinizante sobre o solo, enquanto as que possuem relações maiores que um, mostram efeito acidificante, foram válidas somente quando adubadas com o N na forma nítrica, não se verificando quando se empregaram as formas nítrica-amoniacal e amoniacal.A pot experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with soil samples collected from the surface horizon of a distrophic Red-Latosol (Typic Haplorthox) with the objective of determining the cation-anion balance of different plant species treated with three nitrogen fertilizers, and evaluating the influence of this balance on the soil reaction. A completely randomized design with three replications was utilized, comprising 36 treatments in a 4 x 3 x 3 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of four cultivation methods (no cultivation and cultivation with maize, rice and buckwheat), three nitrogen fertilizers (calcium nitrate, CN; ammonium nitrate, AN; and ammonium sulphate, AS) and three nitrogen rates (0, 200 e 400 mg.kg-1 of N). The soil sample was previously treated with a mixture of CaCO3 and MgCO3 in a ratio of 4: 1, homogenized, moistened and incubated for a period of 15 days in order to raise the pH in CaC12 to 5.6. All pots received the addition of the nutrients P, K, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Mo and B. Six buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) plants; four hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) plants, cv. ICI-8586, with medium tolerance to soil acidity; and eight rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants, cv. IAC-165 were cultivated for 24, 32 and 40 days, respectively, in pots with 4 kg of soil. Plant tops were collected and subjected to N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na e Cl determinations. Soil samples were collected and analyzed for pH in water, pH in 1M CaCl2, potential acidity (H + Al), exchangeable Ca, Mg and K, and mineral N (NH4+ e NO3-). In absence of plants, soil acidification from AS was more expressive than from AN, whereas CN showed a low influence on the soil reaction. CN in combination with maize and rice plants increased soil pH, but when associated to buckwheat the influence on the soil reaction was small. AN and AS always displayed an acidic effect. Excess base (or EB, means the excess of inorganic cations Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ over the inorganic anions H2PO4-, SO42- and Cl-, expressed as equivalents) values were higher in plants treated with CN than in plants receiving AN and AS, suggesting that nitrate stimulated the absorption of cations and reduced the absorption of anions. For any of the nitrogen sources, buckwheat plants showed higher EB values than maize and rice, indicating that the dicotyledon accumulated a higher amount of cations than the monocotyledons. Excess base/nitrogen (EB/N) ratios of plants fertilized with nitrogen as nitrate were higher than those of plants treated with nitrogen as ammonium. The increases in the nitrogen content of plants due to the fertilizers applications were not followed by similar increases in the excess of bases; the result was a decrease in the EB/N ratio of the plant. When nitrogen was not applied, or when it was applied as CN, buckwheat showed EB/N ratios higher than the grasses; however, when the ammonium form was added, the EB/N ratio of buckwheat dropped to the level of those found in grasses. Maize and rice plants fertilized with nitrogen as nitrate showed EB/N ratios lower than 1, whereas the soil pH increased; in the other hand, in the pots with buckwheat the plants displayed EB/N values higher than 1 and the soil pH decreased. When nitrogen was applied in the nitric-ammonium and ammonium forms, the EB/N ratios of the plants were lower than 1 either in the grasses or buckwheat, and the soil pH also decreased. The observations of Pierre and co-workers, that plants having EB/N ratios less than one should decrease the acidity of nitrogen fertilizers, whereas those with a ratio greater than one should increase it, showed to be valid only when the plants were fertilized with nitric nitrogen; therefore, the observations were not confirmed when a nitric-ammoniacal or an ammoniacal source was applyed
EL FRADIEAR, UN MECANISMO INTERNACIONAL DE COOPERACIÓN EN CIENCIAS AGRARIAS Y AFINES DE LA REGIÓN ANDINA
No full textEl presente trabajo constituye una caracterización, memoria histórica y avances de un mecanismo internacional, el Foro Regional Andino para el Diálogo y la Integración de la Educación Agropecuaria y Rural (FRADIEAR), el cual fue creado con el apoyo del Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura (IICA), bajo la inspiración de las iniciativas adelantadas en la década de los años noventa del siglo pasado, durante la gestión del Director General Carlos Aquino González, de Jaime Viñas Román como Director de Educación y Capacitación de ese instituto y del autor como especialista en el tema; en el marco de la línea prioritaria de cooperación técnica en Educación y Capacitación.
Para ubicar el contexto de la cooperación e integración en el área educativa se hace un perfil de la Organización Convenio Andrés Bello (CAB), del Instituto de Educación Superior para América Latina y el Caribe (IESALC), de la UNESCO y del propio IICA, a fin de ilustrar el marco de referencia en el cual se desenvuelven estas actividades, con las cuales el FRADIEAR podría establecer una alianza estratégica y fortalecer sus emprendimientos y actividades futuras.
Se hace una revisión histórica del IICA, desde su creación, las motivaciones que indujeron a su constitución, así como las transformaciones sufridas a lo largo de su devenir, especialmente aquellas que condujeron al cambio de misión, visión y objetivos, desde un Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agrícolas, al de Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura, con las mismas siglas de IICA, pero con ámbitos, alcances, misión, visión y objetivos más amplios; y se realiza una relación de las nuevas tareas que como tal le ha correspondido realizar hasta nuestros días.
En ese marco se ubica la cooperación técnica del IICA, con los países de América, en el tema de Educación y Capacitación y las iniciativas desarrolladas a mediados de la década de los años noventa con las Conferencias Regionales sobre Educación Superior en Ciencias Agrícolas, que dieron paso a la creación del FRADIEAR y su evolución hasta la constitución de las Asociaciones Nacionales de Facultades de Ciencias Agrícolas, que en el caso venezolano se denomina Núcleo de Decanos de Ciencias del Agro, Mar, Ambientales, Forestales y Afines (NDCAMAFA) en Colombia, Asociación de Facultades con Programas de Ingeniería Agronómica (ACOFIA) en Ecuador, Consejo Nacional de Facultades de Ciencias Agrícolas (CONFCA) en Perú, la Asociación Peruana de Ingeniería Agronómica (APIA) en Bolivia, la Asociación Boliviana de Ciencias Agrícolas (ABEAS) y en Chile, Consejo de Facultades de Agronomía (CFA) y la creación de la Federación Andina de Asociaciones de Educación Superior en Ciencias Agrarias y Afines (FAESCA), con el FRADIEAR como órgano técnico y asesor de esta.
Se intenta hacer una relación de las catorce reuniones internacionales realizadas por este mecanismo de cooperación e integración internacional, desde el año 1997 hasta el año 2018, los temas tratados, recomendaciones formuladas y demás aspectos de los encuentros y diálogos que en el marco de tales actividades han tenido lugar, desde la conferencia inicial realizada en el año 1997 hasta la XIV Reunión Internacional del FRADIEAR, ocurrida en el año 2018, en la ciudad de Cúcuta, Colombia, en la sede de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander (UFPS), a fin de preservar su memoria histórica.
Finalmente se formula un conjunto de consideraciones sobre los impactos, fortalezas y logros alcanzados, así como de los problemas y limitaciones más relevantes y se plantean algunas conclusiones y recomendaciones relacionadas con la estrategia de desarrollo de la FAESCA y el FRADIEAR, con miras a su mejoramiento y evolución en los años por venir; así como algunas consideraciones generales de cómo puede la Academia Nacional de la Ingeniería y el Hábitat insertarse o vincularse con estos y otros organismos internacionales y lograr acuerdos, convenios o presentar proyectos asociados con los objetivos y misión de tales instituciones.
ABSTRACT
This study constitutes a characterization, historical memory and progress of an international mechanism, the Andean Regional Forum for Dialogue and Integration of Agricultural and Rural Education (FRADIEAR), which was created with the support of the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), under the inspiration of the initiatives carried out in the nineties of the last century, during the administration of General Director Carlos Aquino González, Jaime Viñas Roman as Education and Training Director and the author, within the framework of the priority line of technical cooperation referred to the subject of Education and Training.
To locate the context of cooperation and integration in the educational area, a profile of the Andrés Bello Agreement Organization (CAB). the Institute of Higher Education for Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC) of UNESCO, and the IICA is made, in order to illustrate the frame of reference in which these activities are developed, with which FRADIEAR could establish a strategic alliance and strengthen its ventures in the future activities.
A historical review of such IICA, is made since its creation, the motivations that led to its constitution, as well as the transformations suffered throughout its evolution, especially those that led to the change of mission, vision and objectives, from an Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences, to the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture; but with broader scope, mission, vision and objectives; and a list is made of the new tasks that it has been responsible for carrying out to this day.
In this work are revised the IICA\u27s technical cooperation with the countries of the Americas, on the subject of Education and Training, and the initiatives developed in the mid-1990s with the Regional Conferences on Higher Education in Agricultural Sciences, that gave way to the creation of FRADIEAR, and its evolution until the constitution of the National Associations of Faculties of Agricultural Sciences, which in the Venezuelan case is called the Nucleus of Deans of Agricultural, Marine, Environmental, Forestry and Related Sciences (NDCAMAFA), in Colombia, the Association of Faculties with Agricultural Engineering Programs (ACOFIA), in Ecuador, the National Council of Faculties of Agricultural Sciences (CONFCA), in Peru, the Peruvian Association of Agricultural Engineering, (APIA), in Bolivia, the Bolivian Association of Agricultural Sciences (ABEAS) and in Chile, the Council of Faculties of Agronomy (CFA) and the creation of the Andean Federation of Associations of Higher Education in Agrarian and Related Sciences (FAESCA), with FRADIEAR as its technical and advisory body.
A detailed list of the fourteen international meetings held by this international cooperation and integration mechanism is made, from 1997 to 2018, the issues discussed, recommendations formulated and other aspects of the meetings and dialogues that have taken place, within the framework of such meetings, since the initial Conference held in Maracay, Venezuela, the year 1997 until the XIV International Meeting of FRADIEAR, which took place at Cucuta city, in 2018, Colombia, at the headquarters of the Francisco de Paula Santander University, UFPS), in order to preserve its historical memory.
Finally, a set of considerations on the impacts, limitations, strengths and achievements are formulated and some conclusions and recommendations related to the development strategy of the FAESCA-FRADIEAR, with a view to their improvement and evolution in the years to come are made; as well as some general considerations of how the National Academy of Engineering and Habitat can insert or link with these and other international organizations and achieve agreements, conventions or present projects associated with the objectives and mission of these institutions
La chicha, producto gastronómico y ritual: caso Chorro de Quevedo (Colombia) y Otavalo (Ecuador)
No full textChicha is an ancestral drink that enjoys a certain recognition in the Andean countries and has managed to overcome any kind of obstacles thanks to the strong foothold it has among its consumers and its characteristic flavors and rituality. The aim of this article is to recognize similarities and / or differences, between the emblematic chichas of two places: one located in Colombia (Chorro de Quevedo) and the other in Ecuador (Otavalo). The document includes a social-historical background and addresses the opinion of consumers / products about the role played by this drink in the idiosyncrasies of their places of origin. It is concluded that the specific conditions in terms of the geographical, historical and cultural contexts, have shaped the methods of preparation, consumption and rituals surrounding them in quite different ways.La chicha es una bebida ancestral que goza de cierto reconocimiento en los países andinos, ha logrado vencer decenas de obstáculos gracias al fuerte arraigo producido entre sus consumidores, sus característicos sabores y ritualidades. El objeto de este artículo es reconocer similitudes y/o diferencias entre las chichas emblemáticas de un lugar situado en Colombia (Chorro de Quevedo) y otro de Ecuador (Otavalo). El documento incluye un trazado histórico-social y una aproximación a la opinión de consumidores/productores sobre el papel que cumple esta bebida en la idiosincrasia de sus lugares de origen. Se concluye que las condiciones específicas en cuanto a contexto geográfico, histórico y cultural han configurado de diferente manera la forma de preparación, el consumo y las ritualidades alrededor de la chicha
Efecto de la aplicación de extractos de algas pardas en el cultivo de lili (lilium sp.) en condiciones de invernadero
No full text"En México los floricultores dedicados a Lili enfrentan una serie de problemáticas en cuanto a las condiciones climáticas actuales, los costos del material vegetal y el uso indiscriminado de plaguicidas y fertilizantes químicos, además de que en la actualidad la mayoría de los bulbos son de un solo ciclo productivo, por lo que, todo esto hace que la mayoría de las veces el cultivo de Lili no sea rentable. Por lo cual, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación vía drench y vía foliar de extractos de Sargassum spp. y Macrocystis pyrifera obtenido por agitación y fermentación en el cultivo de Lili en condiciones de invernadero, donde se empleó un diseño completamente al azar con 21 tratamientos, con 5 repeticiones, los cuales consistieron en dosis de 8 y 16 mL/L aplicados vía foliar y drench de los diferentes productos utilizados. Evaluando parámetros agronómicos, vida en florero, clorofilas y flavonoides. Los resultados mostraron que en las variables días a corte, tamaño de flor (D.P.F. y D.E.F.), botones totalmente desarrollados, clorofilas (a, b, total) no mostraron diferencia estadística significativa entre tratamientos y control absoluto, mientras que el número de hojas, el diámetro de tallo, altura, número de botones, días en florero y el contenido de flavonoides si mostraron diferencia significativa entre los tratamientos. Por lo tanto, se concluye que la aplicación de extractos de algas no favoreció el desarrollo de algunas variables agronómicas, peros si prolonga la vida de florero que fue uno de los objetivos principales de esta investigación
Characterization under the SIAL approach and analysis of the systemic competitiveness: the case of the agraz of the provinces of Occidente and Ricaurte (Boyacá - Colombia)
No full textvii, 188 páginasRecientemente en Colombia, se viene aprovechando una especie endémica de los Andes; el agraz (Vaccinium meridionale Sw.), el cual, por sus altos contenidos de antocianinas y antioxidantes, ha despertado interés por parte de segmentos de consumidores que buscan alimentos más saludables. Sin embargo, el conocimiento alrededor de este producto en términos sociales, económicos y culturales es nulo. Por su parte, los Sistemas Agroalimentarios Localizados (SIAL) permiten la valorización de los productos de la agro-biodiversidad, ya que éste es un enfoque territorial catalizador de la acción colectiva, que se requiere para activar los recursos específicos territoriales, y por tanto, conducir a su valorización. La producción nacional de agraz se localiza en los departamentos de Boyacá, Antioquia y Cundinamarca; las provincias de Oriente y Ricaurte, del departamento de Boyacá, son las que mayor participación realizan, tanto en producción como en área cosechada. Con el propósito de contribuir en la valorización de este recurso endémico y la agro-biodiversidad colombiana, el objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar y analizar la competitividad del Sistema Agroalimentario Localizado – SIAL de agraz en las provincias de Occidente y Ricaurte en el departamento de Boyacá. Metodológicamente se trabajó utilizando el enfoque SIAL, con tres fases: i) Caracterización del SIAL ii) Análisis bajo el enfoque de competitividad sistémica en los niveles macro, meso, meta y micro; finalmente, iii) se plantean estrategias para la valorización de esta especie. Se concluye que este es un SIAL en estadios tempranos de consolidación, que presenta un potencial en términos sociales, económicos, culturales y ambientales. (Texto tomado de la fuente).Recently in Colombia, an endemic species of the Andes has been used; agraz (Vaccinium meridionale Sw.), which, due to its high anthocyanin and antioxidant content, has aroused interest from consumer segments seeking healthier foods. However, the knowledge around this product in social, economic and cultural terms is nil. On the other hand, Localized Agrifood Systems (SIAL) allow the valorization of agro-biodiversity products, since this is a catalytic territorial approach to collective action, which is required to activate specific territorial resources, and therefore, lead to its valorization. National agrarian production is located in Boyacá, Cundinamarca and Antioquia departments; the provinces of Oriente and Ricaurte, of Boyacá department, are the ones that have the greatest participation, both in production and in harvested area. With the purpose of contributing to the valorization of this endemic resource and Colombian agro-biodiversity, the objective of this research is to characterize under the LAFS approach the production of agraz in the provinces of Oriente and Ricaurte in Boyacá department. Methodologically, work was carried out using the SIAL approach, where three phases are proposed: i) Definition of the LAFS of agraz, ii) Analysis under the systemic competitiveness approach at the macro, meso, meta and micro levels; finally, iii) strategies for the valorization of this species are proposed. Overall, it correspond as a LAFS in early stages of consolidation, which has potential in social, economic, cultural and environmental terms.Incluye anexosMaestríaMagíster en Gestión y Desarrollo RuralDesarrollo empresarial agrarioDesarrollo Rura
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