3,089 research outputs found
Weak Krull-Schmidt for Infinite Direct Sums of Cyclically Presented Modules over Local Rings
No full textDirect summands of direct sums of modules whose endomorphism rings have two maximal right ideals
No full textAbstractLet M1,…,Mn be right modules over a ring R. Suppose that the endomorphism ring EndR(Mi) of each module Mi has at most two maximal right ideals. Is it true that every direct summand of M1⊕⋯⊕Mn is a direct sum of modules whose endomorphism rings also have at most two maximal right ideals? We show that the answer is negative in general, but affirmative under further hypotheses. The endomorphism ring of uniserial modules, that is, the modules whose lattice of submodules is linearly ordered under inclusion, always has at most two maximal right ideals, and Pavel Příhoda showed in 2004 that the answer to our question is affirmative for direct sums of finitely many uniserial modules
Equivalence of Diagonal Matrices over Local Rings
No full textIt is proved that two diagonal matrices diag(a_1,...,a_n) and diag(b_1,...,b_n) over a local ring R are equivalent if and only if there are two permutations σ,τ of {1,2,...,n} such that l[R/aiR]=l[R/bσ(i)R] and e[R/aiR]=e[R/bτ(i)R] for every i=1,2,...,n. Here e[R/aR] denotes the epigeny class of R/aR, and l[R/aR] denotes the lower part of R/aR. In some particular cases, like for instance in the case of R local commutative, diag(a_1,...,a_n) is equivalent to diag(b_1,...,b_n) if and only if there is a permutation σ of {1,2,...,n} with a_iR=b_{σ(i)}R for every i=1,...,n. These results are obtained studying the direct-sum decompositions of finite direct sums of cyclically presented modules over local rings. The theory of these decompositions turns out to be incredibly similar to the theory of direct-sum decompositions of finite direct sums of uniserial modules over arbitrary rings
Feasibility of an on-line restricted access material/liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method in the rapid and sensitive determination of organophosphorus triesters in human blood plasma
No full textFigure 2 in A new species of the genus Molothrognathus Summers & Schlinger (Acari: Caligonellidae) from Kurdistan province, Iran
No full textFigure 2 Molothrognathus kurdistaniensis sp. nov. — Female: A — Leg I; B — Leg II; C — Leg III; D — Leg IV.Published as part of Amini, Fatemeh, Khanjani, Mohammad & Khanjani, Masoumeh, 2018, A new species of the genus Molothrognathus Summers & Schlinger (Acari: Caligonellidae) from Kurdistan province, Iran, pp. 875-880 in Acarologia 58 (4) on page 878, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20184293, http://zenodo.org/record/539189
Stigmaeus kurdistaniensis Khanjani & Amini & Khanjani 2015, n. sp.
No full text<i>Stigmaeus kurdistaniensis</i> n. sp. <p>(Figs. 1-2)</p> <p> Diagnosis — Prodorsum with large, reticulated shield; eyes absent and post-ocular bodies present; median hysterosomal shield with 2 pairs of setae; suranal shield entire, with 2 pairs of setae (<i> h 3</i> absent). All dorsal shields reticulated. Endopodal shields and coxal areas reticulated; dorsal setae long and serrate. Aggenital plate reticulated and with 3 pairs of setae (<i> ag 1 -ag 3</i> ) and genital shield with 1 pair of setae (<i>g</i>). Palp tarsus with one tridentae eupathidium and palp genu with 2 setae. Femora I-II with 6, 5 setae respectively; genua I-IV 3(+ <i>κ</i>)-3(+ <i>κ</i>)- 1-1. Palp and leg’s segments with reticulations.</p> <p> Type materials — Holotype female and 3 paratype females collected from soil under apple trees, <i>Malus domestica</i> Borkh. (Rosaceae), Iran: Kurdistan Province, Ghorveh city (35°10’ N, 47°48’ E, 1906 m a.s.l.) 4 September 2013, coll. F. Amini. The holotype female and 2 paratype females are deposited as slide-mounted specimens in the Collection of the Acarology Laboratory, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamadan, Iran and one paratype female will be deposited in the National Collection of Arachnida, Plant Protection Research, Pretoria, South Africa.</p> <p> <b>Description</b></p> <p> <i>Female</i> (n = 4) — Colour in life red. Idiosoma oval. Measurements of holotype with measurements of paratypes in parentheses: Length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 600 (559 – 618), (including gnathosoma) 761 (700 – 753); width 420 (313 – 415).</p> <p> Dorsum (Figure 1A) — All dorsal shields reticulated; prodorsum with large shield medially; bearing three pairs of setae (<i>vi, ve</i>, <i>sci</i>), post ocular bodies (<i>pob</i>) present and eyes absent, setae <i>sce</i> located on small plates laterally; hysterosomal area C-E with a large shield medially and 4 pairs of small plates, median hysterosomal shield with two setae (<i> c 1</i> , <i> d 1</i> ), setae <i> d 2</i> located on large, lateral, hysterosomal shields; ventro-lateral, humeral plate with setae <i> c 2</i> ; intercalary shields (F) with setae <i> f 1</i> ; suranal shield (H) entire, bearing 2 pairs of setae (<i> h 1-2</i> ). All dorsal setae long and with a cluster of barbs distally except setae <i> c 2</i> sparsely serrate; setae <i> c 2</i> longer than the others. Lengths of dorsal setae: <i>vi</i> 95 (93 – 97), <i>ve</i> 125 (114 – 123), <i>sci</i> 73 (67 – 75), <i>sce</i> 93 (93 – 98), <i> c 1</i> 86 (82 – 90), <i> c 2</i> 136 (130 – 137), <i> d 1</i> 88 (82 – 90), <i> d 2</i> 91 (86 – 94), <i> e 1</i> 90 (82 – 92), <i> e 2</i> 98 (87 – 99), <i> f 1</i> 96 (87 – 99), <i> h 1</i> 90 (90 – 92), <i> h 2</i> 85 (84 – 86). Distances between dorsal s <i>etae: vi-vi</i> 35 (39 – 40), <i>ve-ve</i> 100 (89 – 103), <i>sci-sci</i> 175 (154 – 180), <i>sce-sce</i> 235 (232 – 251), <i> c 1 -c 1</i> 89 (77 – 94), <i> c 2 -c 2</i> 420 (312 – 417), <i> d 1 -d 1</i> 92 (73 – 95), <i> d 2 -d 2</i> 291 (257 – 293), <i> e 1 -e 1</i> 83 (73 – 82), <i> e 2 -e 2</i> 292 (243 – 289), <i> f 1 -f 1</i> 165 (145 – 167), <i> h 1 -h 1</i> 68 (56 – 65), <i> h 2 -h 2</i> 141 (134 – 142), <i>vi-ve</i> 125 (62 – 125), <i>ve-sci</i> 58 (57 – 67), <i>sci-sce</i> 50 (37 – 47), <i> c 1 -c 2</i> 95 (99 – 157), <i> d 1 -d 2</i> 108 (92 – 106), <i> e 1 -e 2</i> 101 (82 – 94), <i> h 1 -h 2</i> 45 (37 – 45), <i> c 1 -d 1</i> 100 (93 – 105), <i> d 1 -e 1</i> 100 (81 – 102), <i> e 1 -f 1</i> 79 (75 – 83), <i> f 1 -h 1</i> 91 (72 – 89); <i>ratio: vi/vi-vi</i> 2.71 (2.38), <i> c 1 /c 1 -c 1</i> 0.97 (0.95 – 1.06), <i> d 1 /d 1 -d 1</i> 0.96 (0.99 – 1.17), <i> e 1 /e 1 - e 1</i> 1.08 (1.12 – 1.13), <i> f 1 /f 1 -f 1</i> 0.58 (0.59 – 0.6), <i> h 1 /h 1 -h 1</i> 1.32 (1.61 – 1.42), <i> c 1 -c 1: d 1 -d 1: e 1 -e 1: f 1 -f 1</i> : 0.53 (0.53 – 0.56): 0.55 (0.50 – 0.56): 0.50 (0.49 – 0.50): 1.0 (1.0).</p> <p> Venter (Figure 1B) — Ventral cuticle striated coxisternal regions I-II and III-IV with reticulations (Figure 1B). Lengths of setae <i>1a</i> 36 (35 – 40), <i>1b</i> 38 (31 – 40), <i>1c</i> 70 (65 – 72), <i>2b</i> 63 (59 – 67), <i>2c</i> 42 (39 – 43), <i>3a</i> 38 (38 – 42), <i>3b</i> 43 (38 – 45), <i>3c</i> 45 (31 – 40), <i>4a</i> 41 (36 – 43), <i>4b</i> 37 (37 – 41), <i>4c</i> 37 (33 – 38), <i> ag 1</i> 34 (33 – 37), <i> ag 2</i> 39 (37 – 40), <i> ag 3</i> 49 (47 – 50), <i>g</i> 27 (25 – 30), <i> ps 1</i> 65 (66 – 73), <i> ps 2</i> 37 (37 – 45), <i> ps 3</i> 40 (39 – 44). Aggenital area reticulated, with 3 setae (<i> ag 1-3</i> ), setae <i> ag 3</i> longer than <i> ag 1-2</i> ; genital shield with 1 pair of setae (<i>g</i>); anal plate with 3 pairs of setae (<i> ps 1-3</i> ), pseudanal setae <i> ps 1</i> distally serrated and almost two times longer than setae <i> ps 2-3</i> .</p> <p> Gnathosoma (Figure 1C) — Ventral infracapitulum with two pairs of infracapitular setae, <i>m</i> 43 (40 – 43) and <i>n</i> 34 (29 – 36), two pairs of adoral setae, <i>or1</i> 29 (30 – 32), <i>or2</i> 38 (37 – 39) (Figure 1C). Chelicerae free 95 (95 – 100), movable digit 127 (126 – 132) (Figure 1A). Palp five segmented, palp tarsus with 4 simple setae + one simple eupathidium + one solenidion (<i>ω</i>) + one tridentae eupathidium, palp tibia with two setae + one well developed claw + one accessory claw seta-like, palp genu with one seta and palp femur with three setae (Figure 1C).</p> <p> Legs (Figures 1 D-G) — Length of leg I 253 (243 – 273); leg II 221 (208 – 238); leg III 230 (223 – 243), leg IV 251 (253 – 270). Setal formulae of leg segments (solenidia in parentheses and not included in setal counts) as follows: coxae 2-2-2-2; trochanters 1-1-2-1; femora 6-5-3-2, genua 3(+ <i>κ</i>)- 3(+ <i>κ</i>)- 1-1; tibiae 5(+ <i>’</i>, + <i>’ρ</i>)- 5(+ <i>’ρ</i>)- 5(+ <i>’ρ</i>)- 5(+ <i>’ρ</i>); tarsi 13(+ <i>ω</i>)- 9(+ <i>ω</i>)-7(+ <i>ω</i>)-7(+ <i>ω</i>). Length of solenidia: I <i>ω</i> 25 (20 – 30), II <i>ω</i> 25 (26 – 28), III <i>ω</i> 15 (14 – 20), IV <i>ω</i> 15 (14 – 18); I <i>’ρ</i> 39 (37 – 39), I <i>’</i> 16 (12 – 18), II <i>’ρ</i> 32 (32 – 35), III <i>’ρ</i> 24 (24 – 29), IV <i>’ρ</i> 28 (27 – 29); I <i>κ</i> 72 (72 – 77), II <i>κ</i> 12 (10 – 11).</p> <p> <i>Male</i> (n = 1) — Idiosoma oval. Length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 587, (including gnathosoma) 655; width 275.</p> <p> Dorsum (Figure 2A) — Dorsal shields completely reticulated; prodorsal shield bearing four pairs of setae (<i>vi, ve</i>, <i>sci, sce</i>); post ocular bodies (<i>pob</i>) present; eyes absent; hysterosomal area C-F almost covered by large median and 3 pairs of plates laterally (Figure 2A); median and lateral hysterosomal shields fused, with setae <i> c 1</i> , <i> d 1</i> , <i> d 2</i> , <i> e 1</i> , intercalary shield divided with setae <i> f 1</i> ; suranal shield entire, with two pairs of setae (<i> h 1</i> , <i> h 2</i> ). All dorsal setae barbed. Lengths of dorsal setae: <i>vi</i> 92, <i>ve</i> 107, <i>sci</i> 70, <i>sce</i> 100, <i> c 1</i> 50, <i> c 2</i> 95, <i> d 1</i> 45, <i> d 2</i> 55, <i> e 1</i> 30, <i> e 2</i> 107, <i> f 1</i> 80, <i> h 1</i> 52, <i> h 2</i> 70. Distances between dorsal setae: <i>vi-vi</i> 37, <i>ve-ve</i> 85, <i>sci -sci</i> 67, <i>sce-sce</i> 232, <i> c 1 -c 1</i> 57, <i> c 2 -c 2</i> 275, <i> d 1 - d 1</i> 57, <i> d 2 -d 2</i> 182, <i> e 1 - e 1</i> 42, <i> e 2 -e 2</i> 150, <i> f 1 -f 1</i> 92, <i> h 1 -h 1</i> 37, <i> h 2 -h 2</i> 80, <i>vi-ve</i> 55, <i>ve-sci</i> 62, <i>sci-sce</i> 45, <i> c 1 -c 2</i> 50, <i> d 1 -d 2</i> 65, <i> e 1 - e 2</i> 60, <i> h 1 -h 2</i> 25, <i> c 1 -d 1</i> 67, <i> d 1 - e 1</i> 60, <i> e 1 -f 1</i> 42, <i> f 1 -h 1</i> 52. Ratio: <i>vi/vi-vi</i> 2.48, <i> c 1</i> / <i> c 1 -c 1</i> 0.87, <i> d 1</i> / <i> d 1 -d 1</i> 0.78, <i> e 1</i> / <i> e 1 - e 1</i> 0.71, <i> f 1</i> / <i> f 1 -f 1</i> 0.86, <i> h 1</i> / <i> h 1 -h 1</i> 1.4, <i> h 2</i> / <i> h 2 -h 2</i> 0.87, <i> h 1 /h 2</i> 0.74, <i> c 1 -c 1: d 1 -d 1: e 1 -e 1: f 1 -f 1</i> : 0.62: 0.62: 0.45: 1.0.</p> <p> Venter (Figure 2B) — Endopodal shields I-II and III-IV with reticulations. Lengths of setae <i>1a</i> 22, <i>1b</i> 35, <i>1c</i> 35, <i>2b</i> 35, <i>2c</i> 27, <i>3a</i> 2, <i>3b</i> 22, <i>3c</i> 17, <i>4a</i> 27, <i>4b</i> 25 and <i>4c</i> 20, <i> ag 1</i> 26, <i> ag 2</i> 30, <i> ag 3</i> 38, <i> ps 1</i> 27, <i> g 1</i> 2, <i> g 2</i> 2. Aggenital plate smooth with three setae (<i> ag 1-3</i> ).</p> <p> Gnathosoma (Figures 2 C-D) — Ventral infracapitulum reticulated and with two pairs of infracapitular setae, <i>m</i> 30 and <i>n</i> 22, two pairs of adoral setae, <i>or1</i> 22, <i>or2</i> 32 (Figure 2B). Chelicerae free 132, movable digit 65 (Figure 2D). Palp five segmented, palp tarsus with 4 simple setae + one simple eupathidium + one solenidion (<i>ω</i>) + one tridentate eupathidium, palp tibia with two setae + one well developed claw + one spine-like accessory claw, palp genu with two seta and palp femur with three setae (Figure 2C).</p> <p> Legs (Figures 2 E-H) — Length of leg I 224, leg II 195; leg III 185, leg IV 205. Setation same as female except tarsi I-IV with two solenidia and solenidia longer. Length of solenidia: I <i> ω 1</i> 43, I <i> ω 2</i> 25, II <i> ω 1</i> 38, II <i> ω 2</i> 22, III <i> ω 1</i> 32, III <i> ω 2</i> 12, IV <i> ω 1</i> 26, IV <i> ω 2</i> 12; I <i>’ρ</i> 35, I <i>’</i> 15, II <i>’ρ</i> 31, III <i>’ρ</i> 20, IV <i>’ρ</i> 23; I <i>κ</i> 55; II <i>κ</i> 8.</p> <p> Remarks — The new species <i>Stigmaeus kurdistaniensis</i> <b>n. sp.</b> resembles <i>S. siculus</i> (Berlese, 1883) in that dorsal shields are reticulated, median hysterosomal shield with two setae, <i>pob</i> present, eyes and <i>h3</i> absent. However it differs from the latter in: all dorsal and ventral setae longer than that of <i>S. siculus</i>; ventral infracapitulum and all leg and palp segments with reticulations in <i>E. kurdistaniensis</i> instead of smooth in <i>S. siculus</i> and <i>pob</i> small, between setae <i>ve -sci</i> in the new species instead of large in <i>S. siculus.</i></p> <p> The new species also resembles <i>S. echinopus</i> Summers, 1962, in having all leg and palp segments with reticulations, suranal shield entire and reticulated, <i>pob</i> present and median hysterosomal shield with two setae. However, <i>S. kurdistaniensis</i> differs from the latter in: aggenital shield reticulated instead of smooth in <i>S. echinopus</i>, all dorsal and ventral setae longer than those of <i>S. echinopus</i> and genual setae <i>κ</i> short in <i>S. kurdistaniensis</i> in contrast to long in <i>S. echinopus</i>.</p> <p>Immature stages — Unknown.</p> <p>Etymology — The species is named after the locality where it was collected, namely Kurdistan province.</p>Published as part of <i>Khanjani, M., Amini, F. & Khanjani, M., 2015, A new species of the genus Stigmaeus koch (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from Kurdistan province, Iran and description of male of Prostigmaeus khanjanii Bagheri and Ghorbani, pp. 49-60 in Acarologia 55 (1)</i> on pages 50-54, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20152153, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5403892">http://zenodo.org/record/5403892</a>
Figure 1 in A new species of the genus Molothrognathus Summers & Schlinger (Acari: Caligonellidae) from Kurdistan province, Iran
No full textFigure 1 Molothrognathus kurdistaniensis sp. nov. — Female: A — Dorsal view; B — Dorsal setae (v1); C — Ventral view, D — Subcapitulum and Palp; E — Chelicerae.Published as part of Amini, Fatemeh, Khanjani, Mohammad & Khanjani, Masoumeh, 2018, A new species of the genus Molothrognathus Summers & Schlinger (Acari: Caligonellidae) from Kurdistan province, Iran, pp. 875-880 in Acarologia 58 (4) on page 877, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20184293, http://zenodo.org/record/539189
Functional interaction between cyclin T/cdk9 and Purα determines the level of TNFα promoter activation by Tat in glial cells
No full textIn addition to its stimulatory effect on transcription of the HIV-1 LTR, the early protein of HIV-1, Tat, exhibits detrimental effects on the CNS by deregulating the expression of several cytokines and immunomodulators including TNFα. Activation of the viral promoter by Tat requires several cellular proteins including cyclin T1 and its partner, cdk9, which upon association with the TAR sequence of the LTR, forms a complex that enhances the activity of RNA polymerase II. Here, we examined the involvement of cyclin T1/cdk9 in Tat-mediated transcriptional activation of the TNFα promoter which has no TAR sequence. Results from transfection of human astrocytic cells revealed that both cyclin T1 and cdk9 stimulate the basal promoter activity of TNFα, although the level of such activation is decreased in the presence of Tat. Ectopic expression of Purα, a brain-derived regulatory protein which binds to Tat, enhanced the basal level of TNFα transcription, yet exerted a negative effect on the level of Tat activation of the TNFα promoter. The antagonistic effect of Purα and Tat upon the TNFα promoter was diminished in the presence of cyclin T1 and cdk9, suggesting cooperativity of Purα with cyclin T1 and cdk9 in Tat activation of the TNFα promoter. Results from protein-protein binding studies showed the interaction of Purα with both cyclin T1 and cdk9 through distinct domains of Purα which are in juxtaposition with each other. Interestingly, the site for cyclin T1 binding within Purα is adjacent to the region which is important for Tat/Purα association. In light of these observations, we propose a model which ascribes a bridging role for Purα in assembling Tat, cyclin T1, and cdk9 around the promoter region of TAR-negative genes such as TNFα, which is responsive to Tat activation. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
A Novel HPLC Method for the Concurrent Analysis and Quantitation of Seven Water-Soluble Vitamins in Biological Fluids (Plasma and Urine): A Validation Study and Application
No full textAn HPLC method was developed and validated for the concurrent detection and quantitation of seven water-soluble vitamins (C, B1, B2, B5, B6, B9, B12) in biological matrices (plasma and urine). Separation was achieved at 30°C on a reversed-phase C18-A column using combined isocratic and linear gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of 0.01% TFA aqueous and 100% methanol. Total run time was 35 minutes. Detection was performed with diode array set at 280 nm. Each vitamin was quantitatively determined at its maximum wavelength. Spectral comparison was used for peak identification in real samples (24 plasma and urine samples from abstinent alcohol-dependent males). Interday and intraday precision were <4% and <7%, respectively, for all vitamins. Recovery percentages ranged from 93% to 100%
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