8 research outputs found
De Serio B., (2014). Educare dalla nascita. Il progetto di Adele Costa Gnocchi. Cercare perle nelle valve delle ostriche. Roma: Anicia. Pubblicata sulla Rivista MeTis. Mondi educativi. Temi indagini suggestioni, a. V, n. 2 (dicembre 2015).
No full textLe scuole popolari per adulti in Capitanata e nel Subappennino dauno (1947-1982)
No full textIl volume approfondisce il tema dell’istruzione popolare, con particolare riferimento all’istruzione per adulti, in Capitanata e nel Subappennino Dauno. La ricostruzione degli avvenimenti, ovvero la descrizione dell’istituzione e dell’evoluzione delle scuole popolari per adulti nelle località daune, si concentra soprattutto sul secondo dopoguerra, periodo di massima espansione dei corsi di Scuola popolare nei territori considerati. La maggiore diffusione dell’istruzione popolare adulta in quel periodo storico è prova dello stato di arretratezza dei territori meridionali nel periodo postbellico e della perdurante condizione di povertà, anche culturale, degli adulti che li abitavano, certamente aggravata dagli eventi bellici. Il volume esamina la domanda di formazione in età adulta che proveniva da queste terre contestualmente all’analisi dell’elevata percentuale di analfabetismo tra individui non più in età scolare nella metà degli anni Quaranta del Novecento, confermando una condizione di deprivazione culturale abbastanza diffusa a livello nazionale. Per la ricostruzione dei fatti analizzati sono state utilizzate fonti inedite, accanto a quelle ufficiali, con specifico riferimento alle storie di vita degli anziani che hanno frequentato le scuole popolari dei territori dauni, raccolte attraverso interviste somministrate dalle autrici del volume, e ai racconti dei maestri contenuti nei registri e nelle carte scolastiche conservate in un Archivio Scolastico di Lucera. Tra i più estesi del Subappennino Dauno, il comune di Lucera ha costituito un raccordo tra le scuole popolari per adulti diffuse nei territori della Capitanata anche in ragione delle sue dimensioni geografiche
The effects of a cholesterol education intervention on selected cholesterol-controlling behaviors and blood cholesterol levels of samples of adult males and females
No full textThis study examined the effects of the four-hour intervention, Eating to Your Heart's Content, on the blood cholesterol level and cholesterol-controlling behaviors, as assessed through a 12-hour fasting blood analysis and the Nutrition Behavior Inventory (NBI), respectively, of 32 adult males and 30 adult females, all of whom had a blood cholesterol level greater than 200 milligrams per deciliter of blood. The research methodology utilized in this study was an experimental design with volunteer subjects who were randomly assigned into the experimental or control group.Study data were obtained over a 11-week period. During week one all subjects completed the Background Data Form, the NBI, and the 12-hour fasting blood analysis. Subjects assigned to the experimental group participated in the Eating to Your Heart's Content intervention conducted by the investigator. The objective of the intervention was to influence participants to adopt a sensible approach to eating behavior by providing them with factual information on their blood cholesterol level and practical tips on controlling it. At week 11 of the study, all subjects completed a second NBI and blood cholesterol analysis.Four hypotheses were tested with the data obtained through the two assessment tools, the NBI and the blood cholesterol analysis, and were analyzed statistically using Student's t-test procedure.The comparison showed a significant decrease in the NBI score for the female experimental group and for the male control group. A marginal decrease on the NBI score was noted for the male experimental group. With regard to blood cholesterol level, no significant decrease occurred for the male and female subjects in the experimental or control group, although a marginal decrease was found for both of these groups. This slight decrease in blood cholesterol levels coupled with the decrease in the NBI score may be considered encouraging.The results of this research seemed to support that a moderate approach, such as the Eating to Your Heart's Content, to changing selected cholesterol-controlling behavior was effective for females. The evidence from this study in such regard is inconclusive regarding males.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 51-08, Section: A, page: 2645.Ph.D. American University 1990.Englis
Sedimentology, organic petrology, organic geochemistry, and petroleum potential of the Middle Devonian Winnipegosis formation in southwestern Manitoba, Canada
No full textThe Middle Devonian Winnipegosis, Elm Point, and Ratner formations are parts of the Elk Point Group, which is a cyclical succession of carbonate and evaporite rocks that were deposited within the Hume-Dawson sequence in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. In Manitoba, these formations occur in the subsurface in the southwestern part of the province and are partly exposed in the Devonian outcrop belt along the eastern erosional margin of the Elk Point Basin. The lower and upper members of the Winnipegosis Formation are composed of ramp and isolated reef/platform units respectively. Within the study area, the western platform margin is approximately coincident with the Birdtail-Waskada Axis, which reflects the Precambrian Superior Boundary Zone, and the northern margin is approximately coincident with the contact between the Precambrian Uchi and English River domains, which raise the issue of tectonically controlled basin differentiation. At the end of Winnipegosis time, the Elk Point Basin became restricted and the basin was filled by interlaminated carbonate and anhydrite of the Ratner Formation followed by the deposition of anhydrite, halite, and bittern salts (Muskeg and Prairie Evaporite formations) as a result of evaporative drawdown. Based on detailed core examination, fifteen lithofacies have been recognized in the Winnipegosis, Elm Point, and Ratner formations in the study area: A) non-fossiliferous mustone, B) mottled-nodular skeletal wackestone-mudstone, C) nodular-patterned mudstone, D) bituminous laminite, E) interlaminated mudstone-anhydrite, F) massive-mottled mudstone, G) septarian-type nodular skeletal packstone, H) bedded-mottled peloidal packstone, I) intraclast floatstone, J) bituminous skeletal wackestone-floatstone, K) peloidal-udoteacean packstone, L) stromatoporoid floatstone, M) coral-stromatoporoid rudstone-framestone, N) laminated mudstone-peloidal packstone, and O) microbial bindstone. These lithofacies have been grouped into five lithofacies associations: ramp, platform interior, platform slope, isolated reef, and basinal salina. The ramp association (lithofacies, A, B, C, D) comprises the Lower Winnipegosis Member/Elm Point Formation and includes deposits of inner to mid-ramp settings as well as off-shore tidal flat islands. The platform interior association (lithofacies D, H, I, O) and platform slope association (lithofacies D, F, G, H, I, M, N, O) comprise the Upper Winnipegosis Member and include deposits of open to slighly restricted lagoonal and lower to upper slope settings respectively. The isolated reef association (lithofacies I, J, K, L, M, N, O) occurs in the Upper Winnipegosis Member isolated reef deposits and includes proto-reef, lagoonal, fore-reef, reef-crest, and reef flat deposits. The basinal salina association (lithofacies D, E) comprises the Ratner Formation. Bituminous laminites (lithofacies D) occur in the ramp-to-platform and ramp-to-basin transitions, platform interior and platform slope successions, and in basinal successions. Based on examination of representative samples of these bituminous laminites using white and ultra-violet incident light microscopy, organic facies indicative of either normal or elevated phytoplankton productivity (blooms) were interpreted based on the maceral assemblages present. Bituminous laminites in the study area were deposited primarly as a result of elevated phytoplankton productivity; three bloom facies were identified: BLI, cyanophyte blooms; BL2, cyanophyte and Prasinophyte blooms; and..
NEUROBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DHEA IN FEMALES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SEXUAL FUNCTION: FINDINGS FROM IN-VIVO AND HUMAN STUDIES
No full textDehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate ester, DHEAS, together represent the most abundant steroid hormones in the human body. Nonetheless, their physiological significance, their mechanisms of action and their possible roles in human disease are not well understood. Highlighting the potential health significance of DHEA and DHEAS, concentrations of these hormones in humans typically decrease steadily with age, approaching a nadir at about the time many diseases of aging become markedly more prevalent. There is growing evidence in the literature that a low DHEAS level, negatively correlates with the domains of sexual function in pre and postmenopausal women to a greater extent than testosterone levels. Biological actions of DHEA(S) involve neuroprotection, neurite growth, neurogenesis and neuronal survival, apoptosis, catecholamine synthesis and secretion, as well as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-glucocorticoid effects. In addition, DHEA affects neurosteroidogenis and endorphin synthesis/release. We demonstrated in a model of ovariectomized rats that DHEA therapy increases proceptive behaviors, already after 1 week of treatment, affecting central function of sexual drive. In women, the analyses of clinical outcomes are far from being conclusive and many issues should still be addressed. Although DHEA preparations have been available in the market since the 1990s, there are very few definitive reports on the biological functions of this steroid, and it is still the case that its regulation is unclear and its mechanisms of action largely yet to be established. We demonstrate that one year DHEA administration at the dose of 10 mg provided a significant improvement in comparison with vitamin D in sexual function and in frequency of sexual intercourse in early postmenopausal women. Among symptomatic women, the spectrum of symptoms responding to DHEA requires further investigation, to define the type of sexual symptoms (e.g. decreased sexual function or hypoactive sexual desire disorder) and the degree of mood/cognitive symptoms that could be responsive to hormonal treatment. In this regard, our findings are promising, although they need further exploration with a larger and more representative sample size
Etude des relations entre l'altération et la couleur des sédiments à travers deux exemples : la molasse rouge oligocène de Barles et les sables éocènes du Royans (Alpes françaises)
No full textThe Oligocene Red Molasse (Barles) is a cylothemic formation: chenal (sandstone) and overbank (siltstone and mustone), its original colour is gray. The Eocene Sands (Royans) have a whiteoriginal colour.Red coloration in these two formations is authigenic and produced by post-depositional process . The analysis by X-Ray powder, by elecron microscopy and by geochemistry show that the nature of the iron bearing detrital grains is different between two formations but theirs process of redness is similar. 1) Nature of the iron bearing detrital grains: In the Oligocene Red Molasse, the iron bearing detrital grains are the glauconitic grains. In the Eocene Sands they are both ferromagnesians detrital grains and the weathering materials. 2) Process: After their deposition, the sediments of these two formations have the same process of the red coloration: a) The alteration process by hydrolysis of the iron bearing detrital grains frees the ferric oxides. This alteration, resulting from infiltrated water and to oxidizing environment of the surface, involves a drop of iron bearing grains content in the red facies which are always in the upper part of the both formations. Moreover, the alteration of glauconitic grains could produce the interstratified smectite. This alteration process takes place in the acid environment showing by the authigenic hexagonal kaolinite plates and by booklet kaolinite came from the reorganisation of detrital kaolinite. b) Deshydratation of goethite: In the boundary of red facies and original facies, there is uniquely the goethite and in the red facies we have both goethite and hematite. That means that the ferric oxides crystallize in goethite as the red precursor which deshydrates next into hematite according to thermodynamic study. This phenomena is supported by the authigenic acicular goethite and by the hexagonal hematite plates (electron microscopy) . c)According to the evolution of chemical species, this alteration process is simultaneously followed by the leaching from the surface to the lower part of some chemical species as Si02 , Na20 and by the accumulation at the upper part of the others (AI 20 3 , Fe203, Ti02 ). This leaching is emphasized by a penetrating form of red facies into original facies. The others observed process are the transformation of the clay mineraIs, the calcitic epigenesis and the quartz dissolution.Cette étude a été effectuée sur deux formations dans les Alpes françaises: a) La Molasse rouge oligocène de Barles qui est un dépôt fluviatile (alternance de grès silteux et de marnes, de silts et de marnes dans la plaine d'inondation; grès dans les chenaux), dont la couleur originelle de cette molasse est grise. b) Les Sables éocènes du Royans dont la couleur originelle est blanche. La coloration rouge de ces deux formations est authigène et se produit par des processus postérieurs aux dépôts. Les analyses de la diffractométrie X, de microscopes (polarisant et microscope électronique à balayage) et de géochimie montrent que la nature des minéraux parents du fer est différente entre ces deux terrains mais leurs processus de rubéfaction sont les mêmes. 1) Nature des minéraux parents du fer: Dans la Molasse rouge, le minéral parenté du fer est la glauconie détritique. Dans les Sables éocènes, ce sont, d'une part, des minéraux ferromagnésiens détritiques et d'autre part, des produits d'altération. 2/ Processus: Après leurs dépôts, les sédiments de ces deux formations subissent les mêmes processus de la coloration en rouge: * Altération par hydrolyse des minéraux parents du fer, cette altération est liée à l 'eau percolée et au milieu oxydant de la surface. Car le faciès rouge se trouve toujours au sommet de la formation et la teneur en minéraux parents du fer diminue du faciès originel au faciès rouge. Cette altération se produit dans un milieu acide confirmé par la néoformation de la kaolinite (plaquettes hexagonales et les feuillets en accordéon) . * Deshydratation de goethite: La goethite existe dans le faciès rouge depuis la limite inférieure, alors que l'hématite se développe de plus en plus vers le sommet de ce faciès. Ceci montre que les minéraux parentés du fer libèrent du fer ferrique qui cristallise en goethite et cette dernière se des- hydrate en hématite. * Un lessivage étant simultané avec cette altération provoque un départ vers le bas de certaines espèces chimiques telles que Si02, Na20 et une accumulation au sommet des autres, Al203,Fe203, Ti02. Ce lessivage est marqué par la forme de pénétration du faciès rouge dans le faciès originel. Les autres phénomènes observés sont la transformation des argiles, l'épigenèse calcitique et la dissolution du quartz
Recommended from our members
Prevention of a First Stroke: A Review of Guidelines and a Multidisciplinary Consensus Statement From the National Stroke Association
No full textOBJECTIVE To establish, in a single resource, up-to-date
recommendations for primary care physicians regarding prevention
strategies for a first stroke. PARTICIPANTS Members of the National Stroke Association's
(NSA's) Stroke Prevention Advisory Board and Cedars-Sinai Health
System Department of Health Services Research convened on April 9,
1998, in an open meeting. The conference attendees, selected to
participate by the NSA, were recognized experts in neurology (9),
cardiology (2), family practice (1), nursing (1), physician assistant
practices (1), and health services research (2). EVIDENCE A literature review was carried out by the Department of
Health Services Research, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles,
Calif, using the MEDLINE database search for 1990 through April 1998
and updated in November 1998. English-language guidelines, statements,
meta-analyses, and overviews on prevention of a first stroke were
reviewed. CONSENSUS PROCESS At the meeting, members of the advisory board
identified 6 important stroke risk factors (hypertension, myocardial
infarction [MI], atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, blood
lipids, asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis), and 4 lifestyle factors
(cigarette smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, diet). CONCLUSIONS Several interventions that modify well-documented and
treatable cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors can reduce
the risk of a first stroke. Good evidence for direct stroke reduction
exists for hypertension treatment; using warfarin for patients after MI
who have atrial fibrillation, decreased left ventricular ejection
fraction, or left ventricular thrombus; using 3-hydroxy-3
methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors for patients
after MI; using warfarin for patients with atrial fibrillation and
specific risk factors; and performing carotid endarterectomy for
patients with stenosis of at least 60%. Observational studies support
the role of modifying lifestyle-related risk factors (eg, smoking,
alcohol use, physical activity, diet) in stroke prevention. Measures to
help patients improve adherence are an important component of a stroke
prevention plan
Studies on determination of residual strength in clay (Department of Agricultural Engineering)
No full text残留強度を求めるには, セン断破壊を生じた後の大変位に対するセン断抵抗を測定できる試験が必要とされる。この範ちゅうに入る試験方法や装置がSkemptonやBishop等によって提唱されているが, 結果の解釈や装置になお多くの問題がある。それゆえ, 著者は今までの研究を基礎にして次の二つの手法を考えた。(1)完全に形成されたすべり面に沿ってセン断移動がおこるのであれば, 平衡状態のもとで発揮される応力はヒズミの大きさにかかわらずある一定値を示すはずである。この条件を満足する試験方法として, 予想セン断角で切り離された上下供試体と, 上部供試体の側方移動を可能にする圧縮セン断機構(BBピストン, 3-2-1参照)を用いて三軸圧縮試験を行ない, その破壊面における応力解析から残留強度を求める。(2)過圧密粘土では, 応力履歴によってτ∿ε曲線が種々変化し, 特にピークの位置とその後の曲線の形状が残留強度の大きさを左右していることに着眼して, τ∿ε曲線を式化し, その利用を試みる。なお, (2)においてはτ∿ε曲線が重要となってくるので, 過圧密比が変化する場合τ∿ε曲線が如何なる特性を示すかについて実験研究を行うと同時にτ∿σ特性についても考察を加えた。また沖縄における農地保全上, 重要な課題となる第三紀の島尻層泥岩(過圧密粘土)斜面の安定問題には未解明な点が多いため, 安定解析に進行性破壊や完全軟化の概念の導入を考え, Skempton法を用いて軟化泥岩の残留強度を求めた。そして実際の地すべり事例の安定解析に適用して, 地すべり機構解明の一助にした。まず, 一般的なSkemptonの試験法を用いて島尻層軟化泥岩の残留強度定数を求めた(2-2)。島尻層泥岩でみられる破壊面には鏡肌が形成されており, 残留強度に達していることがうかがえる。しかし泥岩について鏡肌が認められるほどの変位を与えるセン断試験はいままで行なわれておらず, 残留強度に関する知見は皆無である。したがって, すべり面付近の新鮮軟化泥岩と完全軟化粘土, 自然分離面, および作成分離面についてSkempton法による長期繰返しセン断試験を行ない, 残留強度やブリトル指数を求めた。新鮮軟化泥岩のピーク強度定数はC_=1.20∿1.55kg/cm^2, φ_=19∿22°, 同一の事前セン断面における残留強度定数はC_dr=0,φ_=17∿19°の範囲にある。さらにセン断破壊面が十分発達した自然分離面ではC_=0,φ_=17°, 作成分離面ではC_=0,φ_=15°となる。完全軟化粘土の場合, C_=C_=0は言うまでもないが, φ_=23°, φ_=19°は新鮮軟化泥岩や分離面のφ_よりも大きい。軟化泥岩のブリトル指数(I_B)は, σ'_n=1∿5kg/cm^2の応力範囲でI_B=80∿50%となる。またφ'_r∿粘土分の関係から島尻層泥岩はOxford Clay, Jari Jakfield, London Clayの過圧密粘土と類似していることが明らかになった。つづいて, τ∿ε特性を用いて残留強度を求める著者の手法について述べた(2-3)。すなわち, 長期セン断試験結果を式化し, その最大値および最終値を, それぞれピーク強度, 残留強度とみなすものである。これには排水条件を満足する緩速なセン断強度が要求される。しかし, 急速セン断結果(非排水)から残留強度を推定する場合はτ∿ε曲線の最大値と最終値を時間効果で補正し求めることができる(2-3-3) これらの結果をSkempton法による試験と対比させた。すなわちτ∿ε曲線を利用する手法は, Skempton法よりσ=0.1∿0.7kg/cm^2の範囲において1∿17%程度大きめの残留強度が与えられるが, 作成分離面により求める場合と同様, 短時間に残留強度をえようとする場合有効な方法といえよう。一面セン断試験によるSkempton法に対し, 著者は三軸圧縮試験による残留強度決定法を提案した(3)。その試験における圧縮機構は, 圧縮時に上部供試体が作成セン断面に沿って滑動できるようにBBピストンを通じて負荷するものであり, 残留強度を計算するための式は破壊面の応力解析によって導びいた。すなわち[numerical formula](3-2-18)式のτ^^^-(η)は, BBピストンのもとで上下供試体が相対的なすべり変位を起こすときに軸圧が偏心荷重として作用することによって実際にすべり面に生じるセン断応力(3-2 -12)平均値で与えられ, 有効セン断面積(3-2-21)とゴムスリーブの拘束による軸差応力の増分(3-2-31)が考慮されている。そして完全に形成されたすべり面, すなわち作成セン断面に沿うセン断移動において, 定常状態に入った後に発揮される応力はヒズミの大きさにかかわらず一定値を示すので, τ^^^-(η)∿ε関係においてdτ^^^-(η)/dε=0になったときのτ^^^-(η)値を残留強度τ_rと考えればよい。この手法を鳥栖試料に適用した結果, C'_f=0.569kg/cm^2,φ'_f=23°50This paper deals with the methods to determine the residual strength necessary for stability analysis of the slope and the application of the residual strength to practical problems. In order to obtain the residual strength, it is necessary to develop a simpler and reasonably satisfactory method to measure the shear resistance after large displacement. Test techniques and devices falling under this category of the method have been developed by Skempton, Bishop and others, but they still involve many problems in the interpretation of their test results and the mechanism of the devices. Based on his own studies and works done in foreign countries on the subject, the author proposes following two methods to evaluate the shear strength. (1) If a shearing of an overconsolidated clay occurs along a fully-formed slip plane, the shear stress mobilized after reaching the equilibrium state should be a fixed value, independently of the magnitude of the strain (displacement). The test method to satisfy this condition could be as follows : The residual strength is obtained using the specimen having the shear plane cut at an expected angle to the horizontal and the triaxial compression apparatus having a mechanism of compression and enable the top half of the specimen to move in lateral direction. (2) Noting the facts that the shear stress-strain (displacement) characteristics of an overconsolidated clay is affected by the stress history and that the residual value depends strongly on both the magnitude of the peak value and the shape of the curve after the post peak, the author tried to formularize a curve applicable to the determination of the residual strength. Since the shear stress-strain (displacement) curve is very important in the method (2) mentioned above, a few points have also been discussed on the shear stress-strain (displacement) characteristics in the case that the overconsolidation ratio changes and also on the τ∿σ characteristics.There are a number of unsolved points related to the stability of natural slopes in Shimajiri mudstone of an overconsolidated clay in Okinawa. In order to approach these problems the author, introducing the concept of the progressive failure and softening to the stability analysis of the slope, has obtained the residual strength of a softened mudstone by the reversal direct shear technique developed by Skempton. The results obtained were applied to stability analyses of actual landslides. The analyses are expected to be of much aid to make clear the mechanism of landslides. In the first place, the residual strength of softened Shimajiri mudstone has been determined with common procedure of the reversal shear test (2.2). From the slickenside observed on natural slip planes in Shimajiri mudstone, it is seen that the shear strength mobilized had fallen to the residual value. No reports, however, have been published concerning the residual strength of Shimajiri mudstone and no shear tests have been performed either for such large displacements as the surface of shear plane is polished to form the slickensides afterwards. Hence, the drained reversal shear tests were performed on intact softened mudstones, fully-softened clays, natural joints, and specimens with a pre-cut plane. The following results have been obtained : (1) After 5-cycle shear tests, no further reduction of strength occurred in the intact softened mudstone. Consequently, no further tests were carried out beyond 5-cycles. (2) The shear tests on intact softened mustone have shown the peak strength parameters of c_=1.20∿1.55kg/(cm)^2 and φ_=19∿22°, and the residual strength parameters of c_=0 and φ_=17∿19°. (3) The displacements necessary to reach the residual strength along the natural joint and pre-cut plane of specimens have been smaller than those of intact samples : a single cycle of reversal shear test has been sufficient to reduce the strength to a value very close to t紀要論
