220 research outputs found
Gegeneophis tejaswini Kotharambath, Wilkinson, Oommen & Gower, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textGegeneophis tejaswini sp. nov. (Figs. 1–2; Tables 1–2) Gegeneophis sp. “sample 40 ”: Gower et al. (2011: 702, 705, fig. 2, tables 1, 2, 5) Holotype. BNHS 5420 (Fig. 1), adult female, collected from the village of Bedoor, near Kakkadav Bridge, near Cheemeni, Hosdurg Taluk, Kasaragod District, Kerala, India (12 ˚ 16 ' 06'' N, 75 ˚ 17 ' 14 '' E, c. 50 m a.s.l.) by R. Kotharambath, Hareesh K., C. B. Binu and M. Wilkinson on 0 7 July 2010. Paratopotypes (n = 7). ZSI 2532 (male) collected by R. Kotharambath, O.V. Oommen, Hareesh K. and Narayan P. on 10 April 2008; ZSI 2533 (male) collected by R. Kotharambath, Hareesh K. and Krishnan K. on 10 August 2008; BNHS 5421 (female) collected by R. Kotharambath, Hareesh K. and Sreerag K. on 0 4 September 2009; ZSI 2534 (male), BNHS 5422 (female), BNHS 5423 (male), and ZSI 2535 (male) collected by R. Kotharambath, Hareesh K., C. B. Binu and M. Wilkinson on 0 7 July 2010; all collected at the same locality as the holotype. Diagnosis. Indotyphlids are the only teresomatan (non-rhinatrematid, non-ichthyophiid) caecilians in peninsular India (Wilkinson et al. 2011). The new species is clearly a teresomatan by virtue of having distinct primary and secondary AGs and a tentacle lying between eye and naris, and it is identified as a Gegeneophis on the basis that this is the only genus of indotyphlid in which the eye is under bone (Wilkinson et al. 2011). Gegeneophis tejaswini sp. nov. is an attenuate Gegeneophis with many primary annuli and relatively few SAGs. Differs from G. seshachari Ravichandran, Gower & Wilkinson, 2003, G. pareshi Giri, Gower, Gaikwad & Wilkinson, 2011 and G. primus Kotharambath, Gower, Oommen & Wilkinson, 2012 in having SAGs. Differs from G. carnosus, G. ramaswamii Taylor, 1964, G. madhavai Bhatta & Srinivasa, 2004, and G. orientalis Agarwal, Wilkinson, Mohapatra, Dutta, Giri & Gower, 2013 in having more than 120 (versus fewer than 116) primary annuli. Differs from G. danieli Giri, Wilkinson & Gower, 2003 and G. goaensis Bhatta, Dinesh, Prashanth & Kulkarni, 2007 in having many fewer SAGs ( 60). Differs from G. mhadeiensis in having more primary annuli (125–131 versus 117–122) and more primary annuli anterior to the first SAG (98–111 versus 88–93); eye much less visible (generally invisible versus clearly visible); more pink (less brown) body colour in larger specimens. Differs from G. krishni in usually having more SAGs (18-28 versus 11–18, see remarks) and in having more SAGs that are ventrally complete (5-7 versus 0–3); smaller ratios of head length to head widths (LH/WH 1.5, see remarks) and of total length to head width (usually 48, see remarks). Description of holotype. Some meristic and morphometric data are given in Table 2. Condition good; c. 7 mm ventral incision into coelom c. 50 mm anterior to vent; mouth preserved slightly open causing a transverse crease dorsally in front of NG 1; stratum corneum missing in a few small patches; some scale pockets opened on dorsum posteriorly. Overall shape fairly cylindrical, slightly dorsoventrally compressed and uniform throughout. In dorsal view head neither notably U- or V-shaped, its sides straight and converging substantially from back of head to distinct bulges of TPs, converging more substantially in front of TAs to blunt snout tip. In ventral view lower jaw and upper lip a little more rounded than snout, upper jaws visible anterior to CMs. In lateral view upper lip slightly concave. Eyes faintly visible as tiny dark spots (c. half size of nares, TAs). TAs below imaginary lines between nares and CMs; approximately halfway between lips and imaginary lines between eyes and nares. In lateral view, CMs very slightly closer to bottom than to top of head, nares approximately equidistant from top and front of snout, slightly further from bottom. In dorsal view nares barely visible, very slightly inset, not visible in ventral view. TAs approximately same size as nares, marginally visible in ventral but not in dorsal view; TPs visible in dorsal and ventral views. Midventral crease from NG 1 to close to tip of lower jaw. No diastema between vomerine and palatine teeth. OMs monocusped; PMs smaller, more numerous, probably monocusped; elements of inner tooth rows small, number of cusps not ascertained; palate moderately concave; tongue unattached anteriorly, with two paramedian grooves posteriorly, narial plugs weakly developed; choanae subcircular, interchoanal distance a little more than twice width of each choana. C 2 but not C 1 slightly more massive than head and anterior body. C 1 approximately same length as first PA, much shorter than (approximately half length of) C 2. NG 1 faint except laterally, widely incomplete ventrally, narrowly incomplete dorsally. NG 2 conspicuous, complete ventrally, perhaps narrowly incomplete dorsally. NG 3 fainter than NG 2, clearer than NG 1, very faint ventrally where possibly widely incomplete. All NGs orthoplicate, with no obvious curvature. Single TGs very faintly indicated on both collars, that on C 2 longer. AGs well marked laterally, fainter but mostly complete or nearly so middorsally and midventrally, more conspicuous posteriorly; no substantial regional variation in lengths of PAs. Each AG with single row of pale enlarged granular glands posterior to narrow dark band. First SAG dorsolateral on 108 th PA, none on 109 th PA, dorsally complete on 110 th PA, ventrally complete on 119 th to 125 th PAs. Posteriorly two to three rows of scales dorsally in pockets about 0.75 times as deep as length of PA. Small terminal cap, approximately same length as one and a half adjacent PAs. Posteriormost AG marginally behind level of centre of vent. No AGs unambiguously posterior to vent. Terminus bluntly rounded, slightly more so than head; no terminal keel. Disc fairly well circumscribed, subcircular, slightly wider than long, with 10 (five posterior, five anterior) slightly irregular denticulations, those posterior longer than those anterior; vent more or less circular. Body grey in preservative, paler anteriorly, darker posteriorly, slightly paler ventrally. Some irregular pale markings. Faintly indicated, slightly darker longitudinal middorsal stripe apparent under microscope. Head whitish, paler than adjacent body, mostly lacking pigment anterior to bulges corresponding to the Mm. depressor mandibulares, some very small flecks of pigment middorsally, laterally to level of TAs, and under back of lower jaw; whitish lip lines and broad paler spots surrounding tentacles and (narrower around) nares, tip of snout separately pale. AGs mostly inconspicuous, slightly darker than body except posteriorly where relatively paler (whitish). Small pale patch at TT. Disc pale, with small darker streaks along midline of some denticulations. Immediately anterior to disc, row of granular glands along AG not complete across midline such that pale area of disc appears to extend anteriorly about the length of half the closest PA. Variation and additional information from paratypes. See Table 2 for meristic and morphometric data. Generally good to fair condition, some (ZSI 2532, 2533) somewhat brown, dehydrated. External morphology of paratypes mostly very similar to holotype. Perhaps unsurprisingly, given the small sample size, multiple regressions of head length and of head width at CM on total length reveal no significant differences between the sexes (t-test, p = 0.852 and 0.112 respectively). None of type series has papillae (= anal glands of Taylor, 1968: 18) on the disc. Teeth examined in greater detail in ZSI 2532. Teeth in upper jaw strongly recurved, IMs and anterior OMs moderately recurved, posterior OMs slightly more recurved. Anteriormost PMs longest, OMs shorter but thicker with anterolateral elements stoutest. IMs closely spaced at midline, approximately half size of posteriormost OMs. VPs more uniform, anteriormost two or three slightly larger. Tips of crowns of VPs visible in lateral view. Among paratypes, ZSI 2534 and possibly BNHS 5423 lack TGs on C 1. Where clearly detectable, NG 3 widely incomplete midventrally with possible exception of ZSI 2532 (where it bends notably posteromedially) and BNHS 5421 (offset). As in holotype, AGs mostly clearly marked throughout; PAGs faint on venter but clear laterally and dorsally, except in ZSI 2535 where faintly marked except close to terminus. Posteriormost AG approximately level with centre of vent. All specimens more or less grey throughout, paler on head and slightly darker at tail end. Head whitish with little pigmentation in all paratypes, more notable but still diffuse (and paler than collars) pigmentation in slightly dehydrated ZSI 2532 and ZSI 2533. In ZSI 2535 body darker than other paratypes, with uneven dark and pale patches distributed throughout body. Eyes barely visible in ZSI 2532, 2533, BNHS 5422, 5423, not visible in BNHS 5421, ZSI 2534, 7472. Denticulations around vent unpigmented with possible exception of BNHS 5422. Observations were made of BNHS 5421 in anaesthesia (MS 222) before fixation. Head unpigmented, whitish at anterior, becoming pale pinkish towards collars. Body pink anteriorly, darkening posteriorly to purple, slightly paler grey on terminus. Body slightly darker above than below, more so posteriorly (including terminus) with weak, darker, broad middorsal stripe. Body surface spotted with glands throughout, AGs bordered with whitish colour, more conspicuous towards tail end. Eye faintly visible upon close observation. Disc around vent whitish. In smaller specimens anterior half of body pale pink, reducing intensity posteriorly, posteriormost quarter almost greyish. A photograph of the species in life is shown in Fig. 2. TABLE 1. Details of fieldwork conducted within 25 km radius from the holotype locality (Bedoor) of Gegeneophis tejaswini sp. nov. All localities are in Kasaragod district of Kerala state. Locality Coordinates Elevation Distance to Date of General habitat Caecilian taxa found Person hours (m) Bedoor (km) fieldwork (number of specimens) digging/no. of persons Bedoor N 12.275069, c. 50 0 10 /04/ 2008 Mixed (coconut, Gegeneophis tejaswini (1) 8 / 3 E 75.292987 arecanut and banana) 10 /08/ 2008 plantation and home Gegeneophis tejaswini (2) 3 / 1 04/09/ 2009 gardens Gegeneophis tejaswini (3) 7 / 2 Taxonomic remarks. The new species is differentiated readily (using annulation characters) from all other described species of Gegeneophis except G. kr i s h n i and G. mhadeiensis, for which differences in annulation are generally not (or barely) absolute, in part because of outliers. For example, whereas the new species usually has more SAGs than G. krishni, this is not strictly true for one specimen of the latter species (BNHS 4176) which has a tiny isolated SAG on the 104 th PA but otherwise has its anteriormost SAG on 110 th PA. Similarly, whereas total length/LH = 48.4–60.3 (mean 53.93) in G. kr i s h n i versus 33.3–47.8 (mean 42.3) in most of the new species, this ignores one seemingly abnormal outlier, a specimen of the new species (ZSI 2535) for which this ratio is 56. LH/ WH in the new species is 1.18–1.44 (mean 1.34) versus 1.57–1.69 (mean 1.63) in G. krishni. Whereas overlap in ranges of morphometric variables is expected to increase with larger samples, we suspect that interspecific differences in the numbers of PAs and (relative and/or absolute) position of anteriormost SAGs, and ratios of head and body dimensions will be significantly different when larger samples are available. We are also impressed by the difference between G. tejaswini sp. nov. and G. k r i s h n i in the number of ventrally complete SAGs, although substantially greater, possibly overlapping, variation in this feature should not be unexpected also when larger samples are examined. Molecular data (Gower et al., 2011) provide additional evidence that these three nominal species are distinct. This is particularly the case for the superficially similar G. mhadeiensis and G. tejaswini sp. nov. which are not each other’s closest relatives (Gower et al., 2011: fig. 2) and which differ by more than 9.5 % in 883 aligned sites of mitochondrial 12 S and 16 S (Gower et al., 2011: table 5). The molecular difference between G. tejaswini sp. nov. and the other superficially most similar (in terms of annulation) species G. k r i s h n i are less extreme and they are much more closely related (Gower et al., 2011: fig. 2), but they are nonetheless separated by a large uncorrected pdistance of 6.1 % (Gower et al. 2011). Molecular data have yet to be published for G. pareshi and G. orientalis but these two species are easily distinguished from G. tejaswini sp. nov. in that the latter has, for example, SAGs (absent in G. pareshi) and more than 120 PAs (<110 in G. orientalis). Gower et al. (2011: tables 1, 2) mistakenly reported their G. tejaswini sp. nov. voucher specimen as “ UK MW 3421 ” – it should have been UK MW 3417, which is now paratype ZSI 2532. Etymology: The specific epithet is in reference to the type locality, which lies close to (less than 1 km north of) the Tejaswini (= Thejaswini) river. The origin of the river’s name is the Sanskrit word tejas, meaning spiritually splendorous radiance. The Tejaswini river is associated historically with agricultural communities rising up against feudalism and British imperialism. For nomenclatural purposes the specific epithet is considered to be a noun in apposition. Suggested common name: Tejaswini Geg (English). Distribution and Natural History: Gegeneophis tejaswini sp. nov. is known only from the type locality. Animals were found during four field visits conducted 2008–2010, between April and September, but none was found in June 2014 when the ground was dry before the monsoon. All the specimens were dug from soil in mixed (including coconut, arecanut, banana) home gardens bordering commercial rubber (to the north and west) and arecanut (to the south) plantations and the disturbed Kamballur Reserve Forest (to the east). Specimens were mostly dug from around the bases of trees, on sloping, partly terraced ground among housing (Fig. 3). Below the slope and away from housing lies a flat area with more intensive agriculture and regular drainage channels though no specimens were found here in the small amount of digging carried out (only in June 2014). Three poorly preserved specimens of G. tejaswini sp. nov. were neither included in the type series nor yet deposited in a permanent collection. These are smaller than any of the types, with total lengths of approximately 85–95 mm (fresh lengths approximately 95–105 mm). They were collected from the type locality on 10 August 2008 and 0 4 September 2009. One was found approximately 0.5 m from an adult female and is shown in Fig. 2. Conservation Status: Given that Gegeneophis tejaswini sp. nov. is known only from a small series of specimens from a single locality, and that very little is known of its general ecology and nothing of its reproductive biology, we expect that it is likely to qualify for ‘Data Deficient’ status under IUCN criteria. The species is able to tolerate some agricultural habitats close to human habitation, which are extensive in this region, and it has been recorded at the type locality on four separate occasions between April 2008 and July 2010, such that we are hopeful it might qualify for a Least Concern categorization if additional localities are discovered. Clearly it is not very abundant in the region given that 39 person hours of digging in localities less than 20 km from the type locality failed to yield additional specimens (Table 1).Published as part of Kotharambath, Ramachandran, Wilkinson, Mark, Oommen, Oommen V. & Gower, David J., 2015, A new species of Indian caecilian highlights challenges for species delimitation within Gegeneophis Peters, 1879 (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Indotyphlidae) in Zootaxa 3948 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3948.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/24212
A comparison of latent semantic analysis and correspondence analysis of document-term matrices
No full textLatent semantic analysis (LSA) and correspondence analysis (CA) are two techniques that use a singular value decomposition for dimensionality reduction. LSA has been extensively used to obtain low-dimensional representations that capture relationships among documents and terms. In this article, we present a theoretical analysis and comparison of the two techniques in the context of document-term matrices. We show that CA has some attractive properties as compared to LSA, for instance that effects of margins, that is, sums of row elements and column elements, arising from differing document lengths and term frequencies are effectively eliminated so that the CA solution is optimally suited to focus on relationships among documents and terms. A unifying framework is proposed that includes both CA and LSA as special cases. We empirically compare CA to various LSA-based methods on text categorization in English and authorship attribution on historical Dutch texts and find that CA performs significantly better. We also apply CA to a long-standing question regarding the authorship of the Dutch national anthem Wilhelmus and provide further support that it can be attributed to the author Datheen, among several contenders.</p
System Model for Processing on Multi Format of Dataset
No full textThe problem associated with Big Data is having following feature are called 3V features volume large amount of data, velocity data processing rate and variety collection of structured data, semi structured data, and unstructured data, the three V's of data that has arrived in unprecedented ways. In the Present years there are many sources of data form, where we obtain variety of data of same domain for processing, when that data become huge to handle we require efficient system to handle that data and to process that data for query prediction or result prediction. The 3V highlights represent a stupendous test to conventional information processing systems since these frameworks either cant scale to the tremendous data volume in a survey way or neglect to deal with information with assortment of types. This undertaking presents another framework called system model for big data processing on multi variety of dataset to handle the Big Data's information assorted variety of challenges. The significant commitment of this work is an engineering plan that empowers clients to process multi structured datasets in a solitary framework. Archana H M | Tejaswini Busnur | Dr. Poornima B "System Model for Processing on Multi-Format of Dataset" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd17161.pd
Pearl Millet (Pennisetumglaucum L.) Research in India: A scientometric journey through the last two decades (2000-2022)
No full textPearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), a member of the Poaceae family, is a widely cultivated cereal crop and considered to be one of the most important millet crops globally due to its remarkable drought tolerance, adaptability to marginal environments, and high nutritional value. This scientometric study aims to identify the most relevant sources of information in the field of pearl millet research in India during 2000-2022. A total of 844 documents from 181 sources were identified, indicating a moderate level of research activity. The average citations per document were 13.42, suggesting that the research landscape in India has received a reasonable level of attention in the scientific community. The highest number of articles published were in 2021 (55) followed by 2020 (51) and 2018 (44). The data showed that the Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences was the most prolific and the other journals maintained a relatively stable production over time. The most frequent topics were downy mildew, Sclerospora graminicola, and sorghum. The results suggest that India has established collaborative relationships with various countries worldwide to produce scientific papers
Re-architecting the failure analysis supply chain
No full textThesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references.With customer satisfaction and lifecycle product quality becoming a competitive advantage, technology companies are motivated to look beyond their historical focus on forward supply chain management. Operational excellence in customer returns management, failure analysis, and closed loop corrective action is taking on an increasingly important role as companies strive to improve their business processes, policies and supply chains to achieve a world-class leadership position in their industry. In the competitive high-tech industry, companies face a number of challenges in managing customer returns and re-architecting their failure analysis supply chains to support a closed loop corrective action approach to product quality. Supporting globally distributed customers through a diverse network of outsourced manufacturing, repair, failure analysis and logistics partners increases the complexity of the supply chain architecting problem. This thesis proposes a holistic enterprise architecting approach, including governance, process, network design, organization, enabling technology, and performance management elements that should be considered when re-architecting the failure analysis supply chain. During this process, strategic decisions need to be made regarding supply chain designs that are aligned with the vision of the enterprise.(cont.) Operations managers and leaders can use data-driven, collaborative approaches supported by decision support tools like the "Decision Model for Failure Analysis Supply Chain" to align decisions with customer value and stakeholders' needs. Implementing changes based on these strategic decisions requires understanding organizational dynamics within the enterprise. An understanding of the "frame of reference" that guides decision makers can help address implementation challenges. In addition, communication, training and alignment of incentives across functional groups to encourage collaboration can allow enterprises to make strategic decisions that are successfully implemented. The strategies proposed in this thesis are intended to aid managers in making monumental changes to their "reverse" operations and exceeding customer expectations.by Tejaswini Hebalkar.S.M.M.B.A
Biochemical Approaches For Dehulling Of Hard-To-Dehull Pulses.
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Transition-based combinatory categorial grammar parsing for English and Hindi
No full textGiven a natural language sentence, parsing is the task of assigning it a grammatical
structure, according to the rules within a particular grammar formalism. Different
grammar formalisms like Dependency Grammar, Phrase Structure Grammar, Combinatory
Categorial Grammar, Tree Adjoining Grammar are explored in the literature for
parsing. For example, given a sentence like “John ate an apple”, parsers based on the
widely used dependency grammars find grammatical relations, such as that ‘John’ is
the subject and ‘apple’ is the object of the action ‘ate’. We mainly focus on Combinatory
Categorial Grammar (CCG) in this thesis.
In this thesis, we present an incremental algorithm for parsing CCG for two diverse
languages: English and Hindi. English is a fixed word order, SVO (Subject-Verb-
Object), and morphologically simple language, whereas, Hindi, though predominantly
a SOV (Subject-Object-Verb) language, is a free word order and morphologically rich
language. Developing an incremental parser for Hindi is really challenging since the
predicate needed to resolve dependencies comes at the end. As previously available
shift-reduce CCG parsers use English CCGbank derivations which are mostly right
branching and non-incremental, we design our algorithm based on the dependencies
resolved rather than the derivation. Our novel algorithm builds a dependency graph in
parallel to the CCG derivation which is used for revealing the unbuilt structure without
backtracking. Though we use dependencies for meaning representation and CCG for
parsing, our revealing technique can be applied to other meaning representations like
lambda expressions and for non-CCG parsing like phrase structure parsing.
Any statistical parser requires three major modules: data, parsing algorithm and
learning algorithm. This thesis is broadly divided into three parts each dealing with
one major module of the statistical parser. In Part I, we design a novel algorithm
for converting dependency treebank to CCGbank. We create Hindi CCGbank with a
decent coverage of 96% using this algorithm. We also do a cross-formalism experiment
where we show that CCG supertags can improve widely used dependency parsers.
We experiment with two popular dependency parsers (Malt and MST) for two diverse
languages: English and Hindi. For both languages, CCG categories improve the overall
accuracy of both parsers by around 0.3-0.5% in all experiments. For both parsers,
we see larger improvements specifically on dependencies at which they are known
to be weak: long distance dependencies for Malt, and verbal arguments for MST.
The result is particularly interesting in the case of the fast greedy parser (Malt), since
improving its accuracy without significantly compromising speed is relevant for large
scale applications such as parsing the web.
We present a novel algorithm for incremental transition-based CCG parsing for
English and Hindi, in Part II. Incremental parsers have potential advantages for applications
like language modeling for machine translation and speech recognition. We
introduce two new actions in the shift-reduce paradigm for revealing the required information
during parsing. We also analyze the impact of a beam and look-ahead for
parsing. In general, using a beam and/or look-ahead gives better results than not using
them. We also show that the incremental CCG parser is more useful than a non-incremental
version for predicting relative sentence complexity. Given a pair of sentences
from wikipedia and simple wikipedia, we build a classifier which predicts if one
sentence is simpler/complex than the other. We show that features from a CCG parser
in general and incremental CCG parser in particular are more useful than a chart-based
phrase structure parser both in terms of speed and accuracy.
In Part III, we develop the first neural network based training algorithm for parsing
CCG. We also study the impact of neural network based tagging models, and greedy
versus beam-search parsing, by using a structured neural network model. In greedy
settings, neural network models give significantly better results than the perceptron
models and are also over three times faster. Using a narrow beam, structured neural
network model gives consistently better results than the basic neural network model.
For English, structured neural network gives similar performance to structured perceptron
parser. But for Hindi, structured perceptron is still the winner
Biotechnological Production of Lipoxygenase Inhibitors
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Hindianizing Heidi: Working children in Abdul Rashid Kardar's Do Phool
No full textThis article addresses Do Phool (1958), Abdul Rashid Kardar's film adaptation of Johanna Spyri's classic children's novel Heidi (1880). Kadar's film reconfigures Spyri's vision of the Romantic child within the idiom of popular Hindi cinema - with its particular performance traditions and mythological allusions - in order to project an ideological image of the newly independent State. The film therefore exemplifies what Tejaswini Ganti has called (H)Indianization. Attending closely to the work of the child actors presented in the film can reveal the ideological and allegorical use of childhood in 1950s Hindi cinema, as well as the uneven development of childhood as a universal category. © 2011 The Author
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