863 research outputs found
Classification of Emotion using Eeg Signals: an FPGA Based Implementation
No full textAbstract: An electroencephalograph is a device that records all electrical energy in the human brain using wearable metal electrodes placed on the skull. Electrical impulses connect brain cells and are always mobile, even at rest. This activity appears as a squiggly line in EEG recordings. Activity gaze data is pre-processed to a frequency range of 0 to 75 Hz. This creates a new matrix with a sample rate of 200 Hz and a range of 0-75 Hz. A finite-impulse-response low-pass filter was used because the bandpass would distort his EEG data after processing. Each pre-processed EEG signal has an output, which completes feature extraction. Principal Component Analysis or PCA is passed in the feature reduction phase. PCA is an analytical process that uses singular value decomposition to transform a collection of corresponding features into mutually uncorrelated features or principal components. Principal component analysis: (a) mean normalization of features (b) covariance matrix (c) eigenvectors (d) reduced features or principal components. The above steps are passed to the SVM classifier for sentiment output. His VHDL code and testbench for 2*2 matrices were written, waveforms and RTL schemes were created in Xilinx 14.5. For the FPGA implementation, a Simulink model was designed, and the eigenvalues were pre-determined using a system generator.Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
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Shifting the Focus of Migration Back Home: Perspectives from Southern Africa
No full textLoren B. Landau and Darshan Vigneswaran raise three fundamental critiques about how contemporary migration and development debates are likely to affect sub-Saharan Africa. They suggest that the focus should shift from movements out of Africa to migration, displacement and urbanization within the continent in order to take into account the negative effects of migration on families, conflict and political accountability. They argue that given that the balance of negotiating power rests with Europe and North America, it is unlikely that any future agenda on migration will give priority to African interests. Development (2007) 50, 82–87. doi:10.1057/palgrave.development.1100435
Shifting the Focus of Migration Back Home: Perspectives from Southern Africa
No full textABSTRACT Loren B. Landau and Darshan Vigneswaran raise three fundamental critiques about how contemporary migration and development debates are likely to affect sub-Saharan Africa. They suggest that the focus should shift from movements out of Africa to migration, displacement and urbanization within the continent in order to take into account the negative effects of migration on families, conflict and political accountability. They argue that given that the balance of negotiating power rests with Europe and North America, it is unlikely that any future agenda on migration will give priority to African interests
Chemical and physical effects of super-voltage cathode rays on amino acids in foods and in aqueous solutions
No full textThesis (Sc.D.) Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Food Technology, 1950.Bibliography: leaves 234-245.by Darshan Singh Bhatia.Sc.D
Batasio convexirostrum Darshan & Anganthoibi & Vishwanath 2011, new species
No full textBatasio convexirostrum, new species (Fig. 1) Type material. Holotype: MUMF 9525, 88.1 mm SL; India: Mizoram state, Lunglei District, Mat River (tributary of Koladyne River) near Mat bridge, 22˚54’N 92˚52'E; A. Darshan & party, 27 April 2008. Paratypes: MUMF 9526 (11), 73.1–84.1 mm SL; same data as holotype. MUMF 9529 (6), 64.8–83.4 mm SL; India: Mizoram state, Koladyne River at Kolchaw, Lawntlai District; A. Drashan et al., 26 November 2009. Diagnosis. Batasio convexirostrum is distinguished from its congeners (except B. dayi, B. elongatus and B. procerus) in having a head and body coloration consisting of only a dark-brown vertical predorsal bar (vs. predorsal bar absent altogether, or if present, in combination with either a mid-lateral stripe, a dark-brown spot, or a series of vertical bars posteriorly) against a lighter-brown body. It differs from B. dayi in having a longer snout (length: 39.2–45.5% HL vs. 35.5–38.7% HL), a greater number of pectoral-fin rays (9–10 vs. 8) and vertebrae (39–40 vs. 36–38), and the dorsal fin dark grey at base and distal one-third, hyaline in between (vs. black, hyaline close to its base); and from both B. procerus and B. elongatus in having a shorter dorsal-to-adipose distance (1.7–4.1% SL vs. 4.4–14.2), and fewer gill rakers on the first branchial arch (4–5 vs. 9–27). Batasio convexirostrum further differs from B. procerus in having a greater eye diameter (24.6–29.8 vs. 17.2–22.6% HL), a deeper head (19.6–21.7% SL vs. 16.8–18.6), a longer snout (39.2–45.5% HL vs. 33.8–38.3) and a longer pectoral-spine (14.6–17.6% SL vs. 8.9– 13.2), a greater number of pectoral-fin rays (9–10 vs. 7–8), and fewer vertebrae (39–40 vs. 41–43); and from B. elongatus in having a deeper body (20.2–21.6% SL vs. 15.8–19.3) and a greater number of vertebrae (39–40 vs. 36–38). Description. Morphometric data of the holotype and 17 paratypes are given in Table 1. Body and head laterally compressed. Dorsal profile convex from tip of snout to origin of dorsal fin, then sloping gently ventrad towards caudal peduncle. Ventral profile roughly flat to anal-fin origin, then sloping gently dorsad from there to end of caudal peduncle. Median longitudinal groove on head reaching base of occipital process. Occipital process with a shallow median depression, long, reaching basal bone of dorsal fin, forking at posterior tip to articulate with anteriorly pointed first nuchal plate. Orbit with free margin located on dorsal half of head, not visible ventrally. Mouth inferior, lips fleshy, fimbriated, continuous at angle of mouth. Oral teeth villiform, in irregular rows on all tooth-bearing surfaces. Premaxillary tooth band rounded, with 5–6 rows of teeth. Vomerine tooth band continuous with four rows of teeth in middle, anteriorly convex, tapering posterolaterally; its lateral extent exceeds lateral extent of premaxillary. Dentary tooth band separated in middle, broader than premaxillary and vomerine at symphysis, postero-laterally tapering, reaching angle of mouth. Anterior nostril tubular. Gill membranes separated, free from isthmus, not overlapping. Gill opening wide, extending from post-temporal to beyond isthmus. Gill rakers short with 1+3=4 (1) or 1+4=5 (1) or 2+3= 5 (2) rakers on first branchial arch (Fig. 2). Barbels in four pairs. Maxillary barbel extending to posterior border of eye. Nasal barbel depressed at base, extending to anterior quarter of eye. Outer mandibular barbel longer than inner, originating posterolateral to latter. Inner mandibular barbel minute, extending to vertical through anterior margin of orbit. Dorsal fin with a spinelet, a spine and 7 (18) branched rays. Dorsal-fin origin in anterior one-third of body. Dorsal-fin spine short, straight, slender, its posterior edge with 5–6 serrae. Adipose fin long, anterior end not reaching base of last dorsal-fin ray. Pectoral fin with a stout spine and 9 (3) or 10 (15) branched rays, spine curved backwards, sharply pointed at distal tip, its posterior margin with 8 (1), 9 (2), 10 (4) or 11 (11) large serrae. Pelvic fin with i,5 (18) rays, tip of adpressed fin not reaching anal-fin origin. Anal fin with iv,8 (1), iii,9 (3), iv,9 (4) or iii,10 (10) rays. Caudal fin forked with i,7,8,i (18) principal rays, its upper lobe slightly longer than lower one. Skin smooth. Lateral line complete, midlateral. Osteology. Branchiostegal rays 6 (4). Vertebrae: 19+20 = 39 (2) or 19+ 21=40 (2). Ribs: 7 (4). Haemal arches formed from tenth vertebra backwards. Caudal fin with four hypural plates, two each on the upper and lower lobes, the first and third plates of almost equal size, largest in series; second smallest. Primary and secondary hypuropophyses fused. Procurrent rays on caudal fin 17 (4) and 15 (4), on upper and lower lobes respectively. Coloration. Body uniform light brown with a single dark-brown oblique predorsal bar, originating from first nuchal plate, extending slightly below lateral line. Belly creamy-white with minute, sparsely-scattered melanophores. Distal one-third and the base of dorsal fin dark brown due to heavy concentrations of melanophores on rays and interradial membranes. Distribution. The species is presently known only from the Koladyne River and the Mat River (a tributary of the former) in Mizoram State, India (Figs. 3–4). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin convexus, meaning rounded/curving out; and rostrum, meaning snout: formed as an adjective.Published as part of Darshan, A., Anganthoibi, N. & Vishwanath, W., 2011, Batasio convexirostrum, a new species of catfish (Teleostei: Bagridae) from Koladyne basin, India, pp. 52-58 in Zootaxa 2901 (1) on pages 53-55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2901.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/528486
<b>Supplemental Material - Recent Advances in Analytical Techniques for Antidepressants Determination in Complex Biological Matrices: A Review</b>
No full textSupplemental Material for Recent Advances in Analytical Techniques for Antidepressants Determination in Complex Biological Matrices: A Review by Sachil Kumar, Siddaraj Darshan, and Tulsidas R. Baggi in International Journal of Toxicology</p
FIGURE 1. Mustura daral, a–b. holotype, MUMF 18061, 59.6 in Mustura daral, a new species of stone loach from Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)
No full textFIGURE 1. Mustura daral, a–b. holotype, MUMF 18061, 59.6 mm SL, male (lateral and ventral view). India: Siang River.Published as part of Rameshori, Yumnam, Chinglemba, Yengkhom, Darshan, Achom & Vishwanath, Waikhom, 2022, Mustura daral, a new species of stone loach from Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae), pp. 285-294 in Zootaxa 5129 (2) on page 287, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5129.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/650097
tf-Darshan: Understanding Fine-grained I/O Performance in Machine Learning Workloads
No full textMachine Learning applications on HPC systems have been gaining popularity in recent years. The upcoming large scale systems will offer tremendous parallelism for training through GPUs. However, another heavy aspect of Machine Learning is I/O, and this can potentially be a performance bottleneck. TensorFlow, one of the most popular Deep-Learning platforms, now offers a new profiler interface and allows instrumentation of TensorFlow operations. However, the current profiler only enables analysis at the TensorFlow platform level and does not provide system-level information. In this paper, we extend TensorFlow Profiler and introduce tf-Darshan, both a profiler and tracer, that performs instrumentation through Darshan. We use the same Darshan shared instrumentation library and implement a runtime attachment without using a system preload. We can extract Darshan profiling data structures during TensorFlow execution to enable analysis through the TensorFlow profiler. We visualize the performance results through TensorBoard, the web-based TensorFlow visualization tool. At the same time, we do not alter Darshan's existing implementation. We illustrate tf-Darshan by performing two case studies on ImageNet image and Malware classification. We show that by guiding optimization using data from tf-Darshan, we increase POSIX I/O bandwidth by up to 19% by selecting data for staging on fast tier storage. We also show that Darshan has the potential of being used as a runtime library for profiling and providing information for future optimization.</p
Multiple stimuli-responsive double perovskite structured Ca2MgWO6: x % Eu3+ (x = 1–11 mol) red-emitting luminescent systems to combat counterfeiting
No full textThe rapid escalation of counterfeiting activities in recent years has posed significant challenges across diverse fields, such as pharmaceuticals, currency, luxury goods, and electronics. In response, inorganic phosphors have emerged as promising tools to combat counterfeiting due to their inherent durability and stability. The present work focuses on the synthesis of Ca2MgWO6: x % Eu3+ (x = 1-11 mol) luminescent systems via a gel-combustion route. The structural analysis of the synthesized luminescent systems confirmed a monoclinic crystal phase with a P21/n space group. The morphological study of the luminescent system revealed a network-like structure comprising interconnected particles. Photoluminescence emission spectra show a prominent red emission peak at 616 nm, corresponding to the 5D0 -> 7F2 4f-4f electronic transition of Eu3+ ions in the host matrix. The emitted red light demonstrates a color purity and quantum efficiency of 93.1 % and 77.41 %, respectively. The anticounterfeiting security patterns were developed using the Ca2MgWO6: x % Eu3+ (x = 9 mol) luminescent system, which showcases virtually invisible under normal light. However, developed patterns exhibit vivid red luminescence when exposed to multiple stimuli i.e., ultraviolet light at 365 and 395 nm wavelength, which envisages the versatility of the systems for enhancing product authentication and protecting against fraudulent activities across multiple industries. The aforementioned results demonstrated the efficacy of Ca2MgWO6: Eu3+ luminescent systems for integration into advanced security measures
Physoschistura harkishorei Das & Darshan 2017, new species
No full textPhysoschistura harkishorei, new species (Fig. 1) Holotype. RGUMF 290, 41.3 mm SL; male, India: Arunachal Pradesh state, Lower Dibang Valley district, Dibang River (the Brahmaputra basin); 28°09´59˝ N 95°43´55˝E; Boni Amin Laskar, August 2004. Paratypes. RGUMF 291–295, 5, 42.5–53.4 mm SL; same data as holotype. RGUMF 332, 1, 46.1 mm SL, male, India: Arunachal Pradesh state, Lohit district, Lohit River at Alubari Ghat, at the immediate side of Lohit bridge (Alubari bridge), 27°51´29˝ N 96°01´36 ˝ E, elevation 159 msl; Achom Darshan and Santoshkumar Abujam, 29th August 2016. Diagnosis. Physoschistura harkishorei can be distinguished from all known congeners by the combination of the following characters: the second branched ray of the pectoral fin with a distal filamentous extension; body colour pattern consisting of 9–10 brownish vertically-elongated spots or blotches along the flank, 8–10 brownish saddles on back, saddles not contiguous with the lateral blotches; lateral line complete; a pelvic-fin lobe present; a well-developed free posterior chamber of the air-bladder; and caudal fin with 7+8 branched rays. Description. Morphometric data of holotype and six paratypes are shown in Table 1. Dorsal profile elevating abruptly in snout region, gently inclined to dorsal-fin origin, then sloping gently downwards towards caudal fin; ventral profile almost straight up to anal-fin origin, then inclined evenly towards caudal-fin base. Body crosssection sub-cylindrical anteriorly, laterally compressed from base of last pectoral-fin ray to base of caudal fin. Body covered with minute scales, absent between bases of pectoral fin and belly anterior to pelvic fin. Lateral line midlateral, complete, and straight. Cephalic lateral-line system with 7 supraorbital, 4 + 11 infraorbital, 9 preoperculo-mandibular, and 3 supratemporal pores. Head depressed. Eye oval, placed in upper and anterior half of head, not visible in ventral view. Interorbital space flat, wide. Mouth inferior, small, strongly curved backward, about twice as wide as long. Processus dentiformis present, no corresponding notch in lower jaw. Lower lip with prominent median notch, forming two triangular pads (Fig. 2). Three pairs of barbels, outer rostral barbel long, reaching posterior rim of eye; inner rostral barbel shorter, extending to middle of snout; maxillary barbel extending slightly beyond vertical through posterior rim of eye. Anterior and posterior nostrils adjacent. Anterior nostrils in a flap-like tube, its tip truncate. Dorsal fin with 2(2) or 3*(5) simple and 8(1) or 8½*(5) or 9(1) branched rays, its origin slightly anterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Distal margin of dorsal fin slightly convex. Pelvic fin with 1(7) simple and 7(7) branched rays. Pelvic-fin lobe prominent and large. Pectoral fin with 1(7) simple and 9 (1) or 10 *(6) branched rays. Second branched ray of pectoral fin with distal filamentous extension, often extended far beyond pelvic-fin origin, reaching upto posterior margin of pelvic-fin lobe in larger specimens greater than 49.0 mm SL. Anal fin with 2(7) simple and 5 (1) or 5½* (6) branched rays. Adpressed pelvic fin not reaching vent. Caudal fin forked, lobes equal in length, with 7+8 branched rays. Free posterior chamber of air-bladder placed immediately behind air-bladder capsule, spherical in shape, not encapsulated (Fig. 3). Intestine with large loop extending forward towards left posterolateral side of stomach (Fig. 4). Sexual dimorphism. Males possess a suborbital flap (Fig. 5) while females have a suborbital groove in place of male’s suborbital flap. The first branched pectoral-fin ray broadens in males by fusing together and separating at towards the tip (Fig. 6). No distinct sexual dichromaticism or dimorphism. Colouration. In 70% alcohol, background body colour yellowish cream, ornamented dorsally with 8–10 brownish saddles and 9–10 vertically elongated spots or blotches along flank, saddles alternately placed with lateral blotches, not contiguous. In some paratypes, predorsal lateral blotches extend well below lateral line. Head and snout region scattered with brown spots. A conspicuous dark-brown spot at dorsal-fin origin, a transverse brownish streak at middle of dorsal fin due to heavy accumulations of melanophores in mid-region of fin rays. Mid-base of dorsal fin, from third to sixth branched rays, along with the adjoining basal membrane brownish, distal and sub-basal portion of dorsal fin hyaline. Basicaudal bar basally broad, narrower dorsally, incomplete, terminated at a point about half eye diameter above ventral margin of caudal-fin base. Etymology. The new species is named in memory of Late Harkishore Das, the father of the first author, who inspired him (DND) to take up fisheries research as his academic career. Distribution. Presently, known from the Dibang River, its type locality and the Lohit River (both Brahmaputra basin) in Arunachal Pradesh (Figs. 7, 8). Discussion Physoschistura harkishorei differs from P. dikrongensis, and P. elongata, its sympatric congeners in the Brahmaputra basin, in having a complete (vs. incomplete) lateral line, a filamentous extension (vs. lacking extension) in the second branched ray of the pectoral fin, and lateral body markings in the form of verticallyelongated blotches (vs. bars). Further, P. harkishorei differs from P. dikrongensis by its shorter snout (32.9–40.6% HL vs. 44.1–53.9), dorsal-fin (9.1–10.4% SL vs. 13.8–17.7), 8–10 blotches (vs. 11–15 bars) along the flank, fewer (2 vs. 4) simple anal-fin rays, and supraorbital canal pores (7 vs. 9); and from P. elongata in having a longer caudal peduncle (12.9–16.7% SL vs. 11.3) and a shorter prepelvic length (46.8–53.2% SL vs. 53.8). The new species differs from P. chhimtuipuiensis in having a complete (vs. incomplete) lateral line, a filamentous extension (vs. lacking extension) of the second branched ray of the pectoral fin, a shorter head (lateral head length 19.4–22.8% SL vs. 23.0–25.9, dorsal head length 17.6–19.3% SL vs. 21.5–22.7), snout (32.9–40.6% HL vs. 42.0–45.0), a slender caudal peduncle (6.8–8.7% SL vs. 10.9–12.1), a narrower interorbital distance (21.2– 25.5% HL vs. 29.0–32.0) and absence (vs. presence) of scales between bases of pectoral-fin and on the belly. The new species and Physoschistura raoi are the only two members of the genus with a long pectoral fin extending up to the origin of the pelvic fin. In the new species, the pectoral fin is extended to the pelvic-fin origin or often beyond by means of a distal filamentous extension of the second branched ray (Figs. 9a & b). In case of P. raoi, the pectoral fin is large and long but lacking any filamentous extension of the fin rays (Fig. 9c). Further, the new species differs from P. raoi by its complete lateral line (vs. incomplete). The new species can be easily distinguished from P. rivulicola, P. chulabhornae, P. pseudobrunneana, and P. brunneana in having a complete (vs. incomplete) lateral line and the second branched ray of the pectoral fin filamentously extended (vs. lacking filamentous extension). It further differs from P. chulabhornae, P. pseudobrunneana, and P. brunneana in having (vs. lacking) a pelvic-fin lobe. Physoschistura harkishorei shares with P. tuivaiensis, P. chindwinensis, P. prashadi, P. tigrina, P. shanensis, P. shuangjiangensis and P. absumbra a complete lateral line; but is distinct from them by having (vs. lacking) a filamentous extension of the second branched ray of the pectoral fin. Further, P. harkishorei differs from P. tuivaiensis and P. chindwinensis in having a shorter snout (32.9–40.6% HL vs. 43.4–51.0) and head (lateral head length 19.4–22.8% SL vs. 23.1–27.3); from P. prashadi by its fewer (2–3 vs. 4) simple dorsal-fin rays, shorter snout (32.9–40.6% HL vs. 43.8–57.0), and narrower interorbital distance (21.2–25.5% HL vs. 28.2–40.1); from P. tigrina by its shorter snout (32.9–40.6% HL vs. 46.9–50.6), more slender body (13.3–15.9% SL vs. 17.0–19.0), caudal peduncle depth (6.8–8.7% SL vs. 9.8–11.0), and narrower interorbital distance (21.2–25.5% HL vs. 27.3– 29.2); from P. shanensis in having fewer branched pectoral-fin rays (9–10 vs. 12) and branched caudal-fin rays in the upper lobe (7vs. 8); from P. shuangjiangensis by its slender body (head depth at nape 11.3–13.4% SL vs. 13.9– 15.2, body depth 13.3–15.9% SL vs.17.9–20.5, caudal peduncle depth 6.8–8.7% SL vs. 11.0–13.1) and fewer branched caudal-fin rays in the upper lobe (7 vs. 9), and from P. absumbra in having an incomplete (vs. complete) basicaudal bar, a shorter head (dorsal head length17.6–19.3% SL vs. 23–25, lateral head length19.4–22.8% SL vs. 26–28), and a body colour pattern consisting of vertically elongated lateral spots or blotches (vs. regular bars).Published as part of Das, Debangshu Narayan & Darshan, Achom, 2017, Physoschistura harkishorei, a new species of loach from Arunachal Pradesh, north-eastern India (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae), pp. 403-412 in Zootaxa 4337 (3) on pages 404-409, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4337.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/102498
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