1,720,965 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Gait analysis pre/post tap-test to prognosticate shunt responsiveness in normal pressure hydrocephalus
No full textINTRODUCTION and AIM Gait disturbance is a very common and disabling symptom of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), and it is often the first sign to appear. The other classical symptoms are urinary incontinence and cognitive dysfunction. Shunt surgery aimed at removing the excess of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may improve the iNPH patient condition, and it is routinely applied to selected patients after a careful clinical assessment of the potential risks and benefits following the surgery. To improve the patient selection for shunting, clinicians may perform a taptest (TT), i.e., they remove 30-50 ml of CSF by lumbar puncture to obtain a temporary drainage. Improvements in gait after TT is often used to prognosticate shunt responsiveness. Patients are classified as tap-test responders or non-responders, depending on presence or absence of transient gait improvements after CSF removal. Gait improvements are usually evaluated by clinicians in a subjective way or performing the 10-m test. Instrumented gait analysis may be an important tool to assess gait changes after TT, thus helping the clinician in a better selection of the candidates for shunt surgery.The aim of this study is to propose an objective method, based on gait data, to classify TTresponders and non-responder
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Rheumatoid arthritis: Extra-articular manifestations and comorbidities
Full text linkAlthough synovitis is the pathological hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), many extra-articular manifestations (EMs) and comorbidities likely occur due to the complex, chronic, inflammatory, and autoimmune features of RA. Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the most common cause of death in patients with RA. Compared to the general population, patients with RA have twice the risk of myocardial infarction and up to 50% increased CV mortality risk. Severe and prolonged disease activity, genetics, and inflammation (e.g. CRP, ACPA, cytokines, matrix-degrading enzymes) play important roles in CV disease and atheroscleroticdamage. The second major cause of death in patients with RA is respiratory disease, which occurs in 30–40% of patients. RA may affect the lung interstitium, airways, and pleurae, while pulmonary vascular involvement is less frequent. Central and peripheral nervous system involvement is usually due to small vessel vasculitis, joint damage, or drug toxicity. There is also evidence that microvascular cerebral damage caused by systemic inflammation is associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Some observational studies have hinted how Disease Modified Anti-Rheumatic Drugs and biologics could reduce the incidence of dementia. Primary gastrointestinal and renal involvements are rare and often relate to drug therapy. To minimize morbidity and mortality, physicians must manage RA disease activity (treat-to-target) and monitor risk factors and concomitant conditions (e.g. smoking cessation; weight regulation; monitoring blood pressure, lipids, thyroid hormone, folic acid and homocysteine; screening for depression, anxiety, atlantoaxial instability, and atherosclerosis). This article aims to provide an overview of the most prevalent and important EMs and comorbidities associated with RA
The inhibitory effects of wine phenolics on lysozyme activity against lacticacid bacteria
No full textThe lysozyme of hen's egg white is used in winemaking to control spontaneous lactic acid bacteria (LAB). A
total of eight LAB strains, isolated from grape must and wine, were used to assess the inhibitory effects of wine
phenolics on lysozyme activity. The presence of phenolics, extracted from grape pomace, in growth medium
reduced the mortality rate due to the lysozyme activity. This effect was especially clear in the case of strains
belonging to Lactobacillus uvarum, Pediococcus parvulus and Oenococccus oeni, which are more sensitive to
lysozyme than L. plantarum and L. hilgardii strains. Cell lysis assays carried out on four strains sensitive to
lysozyme and Micrococcus lysodeikticus ATCC 4698, used as a reference strain, confirmed the inhibition of
grape pomace phenolics on the muramidase. There was no interference from non-flavonoids, flavanols and
flavonol compounds, when they were tested individually, on the lysozyme activity against the strains.
Anthocyanins extracted from grape skins slightly inhibited the activity only against M. lysodeikticus. However,
proanthocyanidins extracted from seed berries, strongly inhibited the lysozyme. In this extract, dimers were
the predominant oligomers of flavan-3-ol. The study demonstrated that the effectiveness of lysozyme against
LAB in red winemaking is related to the amount of low molecular weight proanthocyanidins that are released
when the grapes are macerating
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