1,721,015 research outputs found
Architecture and Existing Forms
No full textThis chapter deals with the relation between architecture and existing forms, both the artificial forms of buildings and urban settlements and the physical forms of nature. In particular, it deals with the relation between ‘new’ and ‘antique’ in the project of ‘re-construction’ of the form of those villages, situated in peculiar natural contexts, that are in a state of ruin or incompleteness.
The reasoning is divided into two parts. The first part is dedicated to the explanation of the theoretical approach, based on the centrality of form in architecture and on specific ideas of ‘antique’ and ‘place’, which are both ‘existing’ forms. The ‘antique’ form, in its condition of ruin or incompleteness, is conceived as an ‘unfinished’ form, available to be ‘completed’ and capable of suggesting new forms and meanings rather than only as a ‘relic’ to be restored according to its original configuration. The condition of ‘not finished’ is considered as a potentiality, as an extraordinary opportunity for ‘re-construction’ and renovation of the architectural or urban form, according to its underlying morphological and spatial structure, rather than just a matter of methods and techniques of restoration and ‘conservation’.
Regarding the ‘place’, it is especially considered for its geographical features, for the natural form of the ground conceived as the “etymological root” of the built form of the city. Since they express different topological conditions, the forms of the ground can suggest orientations, measures, rhythms; they can, therefore, be described by using the same categories used to describe the architectural and urban space. When architecture, a single building or an urban settlement, establishes a fundamental relation with a site, it exalts its natural features, making them meaningful and turning it into a ‘place’; at the same time, the natural features of a place confer a character on the built forms of architecture, which become significant through the relation with them. This is what we call the ‘virtuality’ of the existing forms in an architectural project.
In the second part of the chapter, this relation between the new form and the existing forms in architecture is described through the illustration of the reconstruction projects of the ‘unfinished’ forms of the abandoned villages of Anavatos (Chios Island, Greece), Kita (Mani Peninsula, Greece) and Dodoši (Lake Skadar, Montenegro). Far from considering them exhaustive solutions, these projects have the value of explanation and validation of the theoretical point of view expressed in the first part
Was begrünte Wände können
No full textDie Vorzüge von Gebäudebegrünungen für Klima, Mensch und Umwelt werden häufi g gepriesen, trotzdem gibt es noch wenig Forschung dazu. Als eine der Ersten erhebt Azra Korjenic von der TU Wien praxisnahe Daten und ist damit weltweit Vorreiterin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Short-Term Field Evaluation of Low-Cost Sensors Operated by the “AirSensEUR” Platform
No full textElectrochemical low-cost sensors, suitable for the monitoring of different air quality parameters such as carbon monoxide or nitrogen dioxide levels, are viable tools for creating affordable handheld devices for short-term or dense air quality monitoring networks for long-term measurements and IoT applications. However, most devices that utilize such sensors are based on proprietary hardware and software and, therefore, do not offer users the ability to replace sensors or interact with the hardware, software, and data in a meaningful way. Initiatives that focus on an open framework for air quality monitoring, such as the AirSensEUR project, offer competitive open source alternatives. In this study, we examined the feasibility of the application of such devices. Five AirSensEUR units equipped with chemical sensors were placed next to a reference air quality measuring station in Vienna, Austria. During co-location, concentrations of 0.20 ± 0.06 ppm, 7.14 ± 8.66 ppb, and 17.58 ± 9.90 ppb were measured for CO, NO, and NO2, respectively. The process of evaluating the performance of the low-cost sensors was carried out and compared to similar studies. Data analysis was carried out with the help of the basic functions in MS Excel. We investigated the linear correlation between the sensor and reference data and thus calculated the coefficient of determination, the average and maximum residuals, and the correlation coefficient. Furthermore, we discuss sensor properties in regard to selectivity and long-term stability
Hygrothermal Performance of Bio-Based Exterior Wall Constructions and Their Resilience under Air Leakage and Moisture Load
No full textThe use of renewable building materials in construction is crucial to minimising the environmental impact of new buildings. Bio-based building materials have a wide range of positive properties, many of which are due to their hygroscopic behaviour. The purpose of this study is to investigate the hygrothermal performance of chopped straw, sheep’s wool, and cellulose insulated timber frame external wall assemblies in the presence of air leakage and high indoor relative humidity. For this purpose, tests with different moisture contents, overpressures, and defects in the airtight layer were carried out in an outdoor test stand over a period of 18 months. The results were compared with a conventional mineral wool insulated construction. Both sheep’s wool and cellulose are particularly fault-tolerant insulation materials in combination with timber frame constructions. All three bio-based insulations, despite defects in the airtight layer, showed no mould-prone moisture content. An installation level insulated with sheep’s wool can increase the fault tolerance of constructions with insulation made of hygric and more sensitive building materials. For chopped straw and cellulose, the measured U-value was lower than expected. Further in situ measurements of bio-based structures are important to gain confidence in their hygrothermal behaviour and to increase their use in multi-storey construction
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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