1,720,987 research outputs found
El problema de la no iniciación del tratamiento farmacológico: evaluación con métodos cuantitativos
Full text linkLa no iniciación es un comportamiento que se caracteriza por no empezar aquellos tratamientos farmacológicos prescritos por primera vez. Este comportamiento puede estar influenciado por distintos factores y parámetros contextuales y sus consecuencias se pueden enmarcar dentro del ámbito sanitario y económico. Este fenómeno ha sido escasamente estudiado a nivel mundial, de hecho, en España no se ha evaluado. Los sistemas de información presentes en Cataluña permiten una evaluación global de este comportamiento.
Objetivos
1. Describir la prevalencia de no iniciación del tratamiento farmacológico en el sistema público de Atención Primaria (AP) en Cataluña.
2. Estimar los factores de paciente, médico y centro de AP que se asocian a la no iniciación.
3. Estimar la el impacto de la no inicaición en los costes para el sistema público.
4. Estimar el impacto de las políticas de copago en la no iniciación para niveles de aportación económica de los pacientes en distintos perfiles farmacológicos y.
Métodos
Estudio basados en registros sanitarios del Instituto Catalán de Salud. La variable no iniciación fue creada con datos de prescripción y facturación y se definió como la no dispensación de un fármaco el mes siguiente al de prescripción. Se incluyeron las nuevas prescripciones (sin prescripción de un fármaco del mismo grupo los 3 meses previos) realizadas en AP de los 13 grupos farmacológicos más prescritos y/o costosos. Los datos faltantes fueron imputados mediante imputación simple multivariante.
Objetivos 1 y 2: se utilizaron datos de los pacientes que recibieron una nueva prescripción entre julio del 2013 y junio del 2014. Se calcularon las prevalencias de no iniciación para cada grupo farmacoterapéutico y se identificaron los factores predictores de la no iniciación mediante regresión logística multivariante multinivel.
Objetivo 3: se siguió una cohorte retrospectiva (3 años) de pacientes con nuevas prescripciones en 2012. Los usos de servicios sanitarios y las bajas laborales de los iniciadores y no iniciadores se compararon mediante regresión lineal multinivel ajustada.
Objetivo 4: experimento natural de la prevalencia semanal de no iniciación (enero 2011–junio 2014). Este periodo incluye cinco escenarios distintos relacionados con el copago farmacéutico. Mediante regresión logística segmentada ajustada se calculó la variación de nivel y tendencia de no iniciación en cada periodo.
Resultados
La prevalencia anual de no iniciación fue de 17.6%. Los grupos farmacológicos con prevalencias más altas y bajas fueron las anilidas (22.6%) y los IECAs (7.4%), respectivamente.
Los factores de riesgo de no iniciación fueron ser joven, la nacionalidad americana, tener una patología mental o que curse con dolor, que el médico prescriptor sea substituto o residente y que la prescripción haya sido emitida en un centro docente.
Los pacientes iniciadores hicieron un mayor uso de fármacos y de la mayoría de servicios sanitarios que los pacientes no iniciadores o parcialmente iniciadores. Sin embargo, los
pacientes iniciadores estuvieron menos días de baja, lo que produjo un retorno económico neto. La no iniciación produjo una mayor carga económica para el sistema a corto-medio plazo.
La publicación de noticias sobre el copago provocó una disminución de la no iniciación en todos los grupos poblacionales. La entrada en vigor del copago fijo aumentó la no iniciación en todos los grupos poblacionales. La adhesión del co-seguro pudo aumentar ligeramente la no iniciación, con respecto al período antes del cambio de políticas aunque se observa un efecto protector en los pacientes excluidos de pago. El grupo más afectado fueron los pensionistas con rentas medias y bajas.
Conclusiones
Esta tesis ha demostrado que la no iniciación es un comportamiento prevalente y que presenta un mayor riesgo en determinadas poblaciones. La no iniciación aumenta las bajas, produciendo costes para el sistema público. Además, podría estar impactando negativamente en la salud por lo que deberían desarrollarse estrategias para minimizarla. Las políticas de copago farmacéutico han impactado en la no iniciación, especialmente en grupos vulnerables (rentas bajas o muy bajas) por lo que se recomienda una revisión de los tramos de copago.
Consecuencias
Los resultados de esta tesis permitirán afrontar con mayores garantías el diseño de una estrategia que permita minimizar el problema estudiado.Objectives
1. To estimate the prevalence of Initial Medication Non-Adherence (IMNA).
2. To determine IMNA risk factors related to patient, general practitioner and primary care (PC) center.
3. To estimate the impact of IMNA on costs.
4. To estimate the impact of copayment measures on IMNA.
Methods
The study is retrospective registries-based on the public PC system of Catalonia (Spain). IMNA was defined as not obtaining a newly prescribed medication (no prescription in the previous three months) in the month following the prescription. The 13 most prescribed and/or costly treatments were included. Missing data was imputed with multivariate simple imputation. Multilevel multivariate logistic and lineal regressions were used to assess risk factors and costs. Segmented logistic regression was used to evaluate copayment policies.
Results
IMNA prevalence was 17.6%, ranging from 7.4% (ACEIs) and 22.65% (anilides). Being young or American, having a mental or a pain-related disorder or receiving the prescription by a substitute/resident general practitioner and/or in a resident-training center were risk factors of IMNA.
Although initially adherent patients made a higher use of medicines and some healthcare services than non-adherent and partially adherent patients, they had lower productivity losses, producing a net economic return. IMNA produced higher economic burden to the system in the short-middle term.
The release of news on pharmaceutical copayment caused a decrease in IMNA which was reverted and increased after the establishment of the fixed copayment. The co-insurance copayment also increased IMNA but from this point it began to decrease until the end of the study, having a protective effect in vulnerable populations. The most affected population groups were low and middle-income pensioners.
Conclusions
This thesis shows that IMNA is a prevalent behavior and that there is a high-risk profile of patient. IMNA increases costs and could have a negative impact on health. Interventions should be implemented to reduce IMNA. Copayment policies affect IMNA, especially in vulnerable populations. The coinsurance thresholds should be revised
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
