1,720,959 research outputs found
Modelling and experimental verification of portable ultrafiltration system for drinking water production / Azman Ariffin
No full textUltrafiltration (UF) effectively removes contaminants to yield clean drinking water by allowing water to flow through a semipermeable membrane which incorporate microscopic pores ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 μm. To determine the effectiveness of the portable system, water quality analysis has been carried out to determine if the system produce filtered water from a river, lake and synthetic water source achieving the drinking water standards.
The parameters examined are turbidity, color, presence of bacteria and the Water Quality Index (WQI) value. The results show that this portable UF (PUF) unit produces purified water that meets quality standards, achieving reduction in turbidity from 24.4 NTU of river water to less than 1 NTU, reduction in colour from 300 TCU of river water to less than 15 TCU and the WQI being upgraded from Class II to Class I grade water, which is from 86% to 94% for river water. Moreover, the system demonstrates its ability to produce microbiologically safe drinking water by eliminating the total coliform along with all Escherichia coli (E-coli) bacteria that come from the raw water sources.
A simple model of the system using Darcy’s Law was also obtained to predict the permeate flux and transmembrane pressure (TMP). Initially, simulation was done using nominal value, as taken from the literature, four (4) parameters i.e. the membrane hydraulic resistance, initial rapid fouling constant, mass transfer coefficient and foulant bulk concentration. Using the Evolutionary Programming (EP) technique, an enhanced model with revised parameters was produced by reducing the error between the model with these nominal values and the experimental values. The four parameters were optimized as input variables and interaction among them was observed, while TMP and permeate flux were considered as response attributes. With the updated model, the average error between the model and experiment was reduced from 32% to 9%. This was further validated with new data taken from experiment. This improved model with the updated parameter was then used to predict the TMP and compared with the experimental value. Contrasting the optimized model with the existing model indicates that the optimized model predicts the membrane performance better, making it competent as a reliable model for the purification of water using the in-house built portable UF (PUF) system while meeting water quality standard and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) on Drinking water, everyone should have equitable and universal access to safe and affordable drinking water by the year 2030
A framework of local geospatial data infrastructure for sustainable urban development
No full textThis paper addresses the need to develop a Local Geospatial Data Infrastructure (LGDI) for sustainable urban development. This research will highlight the effective and efficient framework for the development of local infrastructure. This paper presents a framework (a combination of domain based and goal based frameworks) for developing a Local Geospatial Data Infrastructure. The basis of this research is on a case study conducted in a Malaysian city. The main focus of the case study was on measuring and assessing sustainability. Six conceptual frameworks were produced based on 6 key dimensions of sustainability. The developed framework consists of 6 conceptual data models and 6 conceptual data structures. It was concluded that 30 spatial data layers are needed of which 12 data layers are categorized as point shape, 17 data layers are categorized as polygon shape and 1 data layer as line shape category
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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