97 research outputs found
Dark retweets: an investigation of non-conventional retweeting patterns
No full textRetweets are an important mechanism for the propagation of information on the Twitter social media platform. However, many retweets do not use the official retweet mechanism, or even community established conventions, and these "dark retweets" are not accounted for in many existing analyses. In this thesis, a typology of 19 different tweet propagation types is presented, based on seven characteristics: whether it is proprietary, the mechanism used, whether it is created by followers or non-followers, whether it mentions other users, if it is explicitly propagating another tweet, if it links to an original tweet, and the audience that it is pushed to. Based on this typology and two retweetability confidence factors, the degrees of a retweet's "darkness" can be determined. This typology was evaluated over two datasets: a random sample of 27,146 tweets, and a URL drill-down dataset of 262,517 tweets. It was found that dark retweets amounted to 20.8% of the random sample, however the behaviour of dark retweets is not uniform. The existence of supervisible and superdark URLs skew the average proportion of dark retweets in a dataset. Dark retweet behaviour was explored further by examining the average reach of retweet actions and identifying content domains in which dark retweets seem more prevalent. It was found that 1) the average reach of a dark retweet action (3,614 users per retweet) was found to be just over double the average reach of a visible retweet action (1,675 users per retweet), and 2) dark retweets were more frequently used in spreading social media (41% of retweets) and spam (40.6%) URLs, whilst they were least prevalent in basic information domains such as music (8.5%), photos (5%) and videos (3.9%). It was also found that once the supervisible and superdark URLs were discarded from the analysis, the proportion of dark retweets decreased from 20.8% to 12%, whilst visible retweets increased from 79.2% to 88%. This research contributes a 19-type tweet propagation typology and the findings that dark retweets exist, but their behaviour varies depending on the retweeter and URL content domain
Patterns of implicit and non-follower retweet propagation: investigating the role of applications and hashtags
No full textExisting literature on retweets seems to focus mainly on retweets created using explicit, formal retweeting mechanisms, such as Twitter's own native retweet function, and the prefixing of the terms 'RT' or 'via' in front of copied tweets. However, retweets can also be made using implicit, informal mechanisms. These include tweet replies and other mechanisms, which use neither the native nor RT/via mechanisms, but their content and timelines suggest the likelihood of being a retweet. Moreover, retweets can also occur with or without a defined follower/following network path between a tweet originator and a retweeter. This paper presents an initial taxonomy of propagation based on seven different ways a tweet may spread: native, native non-follower, RT/Via, RT/Via non-follower, replies, non-follower replies and other implicit 'retweets'. An experiment has examined this new model, by investigating where tweets containing URLs from the domains of online petitions, charity fundraisers, news portals, and YouTube videos can be classified into the seven different categories. When including other implicit 'retweets', more than 50% of all the retweets found across all four domains were classified as implicit retweets, while more than 79% of all retweets were made by non-followers. More work needs to be done on the composition of other implicit 'retweets'. Initial investigations found hashtags in 99-100% of these tweets, suggesting that retweeting using conventional mechanisms may not be the main method that URLs get propagated across microblogs
Dark retweets: investigating non-conventional retweeting patterns
No full textRetweets are an important mechanism for recognising propagation of information on the Twitter social media platform. However, many retweets do not use the official retweet mechanism, or even community established conventions, and these "dark retweets" are not accounted for in many existing analysis. In this paper, a comprehensive matrix of tweet propagation is presented to show the different nuances of retweeting, based on seven characteristics: whether it is proprietary, the mechanism used, whether it is directed to followers or non-followers, whether it mentions other users, if it is explicitly propagating another tweet, if it links to an original tweet, and what is the audience it is pushed to. Based on this matrix and two assumptions of retweetability, the degrees of a retweet's "darkness" can be determined. This matrix was evaluated over 2.3 million tweets and it was found that dark retweets amounted to 12.86% (for search results less than 1500 tweets per URL) and 24.7% (for search results including more than 1500 tweets per URL) respectively. By extrapolating these results with those found in existing studies, potentially thousands of retweets may be hidden from existing studies on retweets
Issues in measuring power and Influence in the blogosphere
No full textPower and influence in the blogosphere can be elusive in nature yet they still play a perceived role in determining future events. Cases like the resignation of Senator Trent Lott and the Dan Rather scandal have been quoted as evidence of the power of blogs, highlighting the potential role of blogs as a new medium for instigating change. However, supporting evidence of power in the blogosphere is often anecdotal. Over the past century, power definitions have been continuously debated amongst political scientists. Based on their theories, this paper defines power as the ability to produce effects among others when making decisions. The blogosphere's emergence echoes the phenomena of 17th century pamphleteering, where the invention of the printing press had facilitated publishing beyond institutional control such as churches and the monarchy. In Web Science, power in the blogosphere fits in as one of the issues that emerge due to the macro nature of the blogosphere. Previous work on identifying power and influence has resulted in papers positioning blogs within a hierarchy, based on metrics such as links, comments and phrases. These metrics are constrained by what can be observed. Moreover, quantifying power would involve finding a tractable, concrete link between blog activity and an action. External influences such as traditional media also make it difficult to correctly analyze blogs-to-action correlations. Nonetheless, the use of data propagation could be suitable to measure power. One potential methodology is to correlate blog trends to a tractable action like an e-petition
Effects of Diatomite as filler on the porous asphalt mixtures properties
No full textDiatomite is a kind of mineral containing high amorphous silica content which is a
very durable substance. Due to its useful characteristics such as lightweight, high porosity, high
surface area, low density and high absorptive capacity, diatomite is identified with potential to be
used as a filler to improve the performance of asphalt mixture. Porous asphalt is known to have
poor strength and durability due to its open structure and high air void contents which exposed
the structure to air and water. These factors may influence the adhesive strength of binderaggregate
and lead to cohesive failure within the binder film, which contribute to stripping and
moisture damage. The addition of fillers has been identified to improve the adhesion and
cohesion properties by stiffening the asphalt binder and enhance the bonding strength between
aggregate and binder. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of diatomite
as filler in porous asphalt mixtures and compared with ordinary Portland cement. Field Emission
Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) was conducted to investigate the microstructure of the
fillers. The compacted samples of porous asphalt mixture with Malaysian aggregate gradation
were prepared using Superpave gyratory compactor at the target air voids content of 21%. Each
sample was incorporated with 2% of filler and polymer modified binderof PG76 as a binder. The
sampleswere then tested for abrasion loss, resilient modulus and indirect tensile strength. The test
results show that the samples prepared with diatomite havelower abrasion loss compared to those
with cement. Besides, the samples incorporating diatomite show enhanced resilient modulus and
indirect tensile strength. Thus, these indicate that the diatomite filler has good potential to
improve resistance to stripping and moisture damage compared to cement
A review on usability, security and privacy for mobile health applications
No full textMobile health applications, or mHealth, deal with health issues or medical supported by smartphones. mHealth applications are able to improve both the safety of the patients and the quality of medical services. It is considered to be a recent field with great potential that appeal to the interests of the stakeholders and the developers. By adopting the systematic literature review method, this paper presents a broad review of usability, security and privacy for mHealth applications. Specifically, we discussed the limitations as well the recommendations of USP characteristics in mHealth applications. It is crucial to learn and understand to overcome the conflict between usability, security and privacy in mHealth applications
Principles of Entrepreneurship (ENT530): Case Study: Nur Mai Fantastic Trading / Norhidayah Nor Azlan … [et al.]
No full textNur Mai Fantastic Trading is a home bakery founded by Nur Maisarah Binti Nasb in 2012. Batu Kikir was chosen as Nur Maisarah's home bakery because it is one of Negeri Sembilan's most strategic places. Her business became one of the best and most well-known bakeries in Negeri Sembilan as a factor of its strategic location. Nur Mai Fantastic Trading offers a food-based product, and there are at least seven types of different food that they offer at an affordable price, including brownies, bread buns, cookies, cream puffs, and cheese tarts. Brownies were their major product. They sold cookies such as semperit and sweet cookies during the Hari Raya Festival, which are exclusively accessible during Hari Raya. Nur Mai Fantastic Trading promotes its business using social media channels such as Instagram and WhatsApp. They've been updating their social media products every two days. There are numerous benefits to using social media, one of which is that it may attract people's attention to purchase their cookies and brownies. The owner, who is also a chef, has taken the initiative to attend training once every six months. Its purpose is to assist the business in having a diverse menu. The training has also aided the owner in enhancing and broadening her or her knowledge of the bakery industry. The high taste and high quality of products have always been their main strategy to retain their customers. The goal is to grow her business in the future to help more people by providing more jobs
Leveraging Intellectual Property for Sustainable Tourism Growth
No full textThe tourism industry is at a crossroads, facing the dual challenge of promoting growth while ensuring sustainability. Intellectual property (IP) offers vital tools for balancing these objectives by protecting innovations, cultural heritage, and sustainable practices within the tourism sector. This chapter explores the role of various IP rights, such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, and geographical indications, in driving sustainable tourism development. By analyzing existing literature, case studies, and global practices, the chapter highlights how IP can be leveraged to promote eco-friendly innovations, protect cultural assets, and support sustainable branding efforts in tourism. The research draws on secondary data to provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities associated with managing IP in the context of sustainable tourism
Open data barometer global report
No full textHighlights the lack of open and accessible data on the performance of key public services. If the political and social impacts of open data are to be realised, work to increase the supply of datasets from right across government will be needed, alongside sustained investment in capacity building, training and support for effective data use.
Introduction
The core idea behind Open Government Data (OGD) is a simple one: public data should be a shared resource. Making data open is valuable not only for the government departments that collect and release the data, but also for citizens, entrepreneurs and other parts of the public sector.
The implementation of OGD takes dedicated and sustained policy attention. Affecting widespread impact through the release of OGD relies not only upon the supply of high-quality data, but also upon the capacity of users to work with the data, and the ability of government to engage proactively with those users.
In our complex world, access to OGD has the power to secure enhanced government accountability, empower coordinated action to improve public services and civil society, and inspire new business ideas. Yet far too often, access to data, along with the skills to understand and make use of it, are distributed unequally, and would-be users frequently encounter unnecessary technical and legal restrictions that prevent data re-use. Calls for a “Data Revolution” — led by the United Nations — have placed renewed attention on ensuring the collection and management of high-quality data around the world through strengthened statistical capacity, and are driving a focus on the use of new “big data” resources in policy making. Against this backdrop, questions concerning who has access to data, and whether citizens have the capability and freedoms to create, access, and analyse data about their own communities and concerns, become ever more important for securing a fair balance of power in our societies
Nutritional Label and Consumer Buying Decision: A Preliminary Review
No full textAbstractA review of literatures reveals that many empirical researches on nutritional label in relation with consumer buying decision process have been carried out over the last twenty years. Nonetheless, the extent on how the concept of nutritional label was defined and used in the studies on food product buying decision tends to be varied from one study to another. Furthermore, the role of nutritional label in food product buying decision has not been made clear. This paper is presented with the aim to summarise and draw the common definition of nutritional label found in the previous studies. Beside that, this paper also discusses the types of label formats that could influence the use of nutritional label amongst consumers. In addition, the paper also rationalises the roles of nutritional label in consumer decision in buying healthy foods and highlights the relevant issues for future research undertakings
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