1,721,145 research outputs found
Cornsilk as an Alternate Functional Ingredient
Full text linkCorn trees have been cultivated about 5000 years ago and it is known to be derived from a wild grass native to Mexico and Central America (Dermastia et al., 2009). The name ‘Zea’ comes from the Greek word which means cereal or grain and the word ‘mays’ is adopted from a Spanish voyager named Columbus, who collected the grain and brought it over to Europe from America (Desjardins & McCarthy, 2004; Eckhoff et al., 2009). Since its domestication, corn plant spreads rapidly around the world in the 15th century, mainly in the temperate regions (Eckoff et al., 2009). Corn is introduced into Mediterranean and South East Asia region in the 16th century by the Portuguese (Desjardin & McCarty, 2004).
Corn tree is about 5 to 7 feet tall having long and green leaves attached to its stalk. It requires a warm weather climate, nutrient rich soil and abundant moisture for growth. Corn plant is monoecious which means both male and female flowers develop on the same plant. Its male flower or sometimes referred to as tassel is located on top of the plant while the female flower developed from shoots and arises from between the stalk and leaf sheath. Female inflorescence also refers as an ‘ear’. Normally, two to three shoots are found within one stalk of the corn plant. Male inflorescences are seen on top of a corn plant and are actively involved in pollination
The Wondrous of Fungus World
Full text linkMushrooms can be defined as “macrofungi” with distinctive fruiting bodies that could be hypogenous or epigeous, large enough to be seen by naked eyes and to be picked by hand (Chang & Miles, 1992). They contain no chlorophyll, therefore, do not have leaves, seeds or roots and in real do not need any light to grow. They are a group of fleshy macroscopic fungus which propagates by releasing spores in the dark and typically grew on its food source or on soil above ground. Through the process of fructification, the fruiting bodies are developed from spacious underground mycelia (hyphae). They require a substrate agricultural waste to absorb nutrition and produce enzymes which degrade complex organic matter (Walde et al., 2006). The estimated lifetime of fruiting bodies is only 10-14 days (Kalac, 2009)
The Effects of Rice Bran and Blended Race Bran Oils On Indices of Coronary Heart Disease
Full text linkReducing dietary saturated fatty acid, increasing dietary polyunsaturated fatty
acid together with the presence of naturally occurring plant minor components in
fats and oil have been shown to be able to reduce plasma cholesterol level. In
this study, the hypocholesterolemic effects of rice bran and blended rice bran oils
were investigated. In an animal study to determine the effect of defatted and
fullfat rice brans, hypercholesterolemia-induced male Sprague Dawley rats
(n=77) were divided into five groups receiving diets containing; normal chow
(Control), defatted rice bran diet (10% TDF; DFBC), full-fat rice bran diet (10%
TDF; FRBC), cellulose diet (10% TDF; CC) and normal chow containing
cholesterol (NC). All experimental diets contained 0.3% cholesterol and 0.1 %
cholic acid except for the Control group. Blood samples were collected at week 3
for lipid profile determination. Results of this study showed that animals on FRBC
diet had lower plasma total and LDL cholesterol levels compared to animals on DFBC and CC diets. Animals fed both DFBC and CC diets, however had higher
plasma total and LDL cholesterol levels compared to the NC group. These
results demonstrated that only full-fat rice bran diet caused significant reduction
(pc0.05) in plasma total and LDL cholesterol. The higher content of unsaturated
fatty acids (75%) and the presence of high unsaponifiable matter in the rice bran
lipid fraction are suggested to contribute to the cholesterol reduction. In
summary, local full-fat rice bran could be used as a good agent to reduce plasma
cholesterol level.
A human feeding study was carried out to determine the effects of experimental
oils [palm oil (100% PO), rice bran oil (100% RBO) and blended rice bran-palm
oils; 45% RBO and 60% RBO] on CHD indices of norrnocholesterolemic to mild
hyper cholesterolemic subjects (n=18). The subjects received normal diets
prepared using each experimental oil for 5 weeks in a single blind crossover
design. In this study, diets prepared using experimental oils, did not significantly
(p>0.05) alter the plasma lipid profile of subjects. However, blended oil diets
(45% and 60% RBO) improved the LDUHDL ratio of subjects with 45% RBO
favourable for normo- and 60% RBO favourable for mild hyper cholesterolemic
subjects. Other indicators such as apo A?, apo B, Lp(a) and plasma antioxidant
enzymes (glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase) of subjects were not
affected by the dietary changes induced in the experimental oils used. The 45%
RBO and 60% RBO diets also caused significant reduction ( ~ ~ 0 . 0i5n) p lasma
conjugated diene and malondialdehyde levels of subjects. Plasma total
antioxidant status of subjects increased following intake of blended oil diets with the highest total antioxidant status level during intake of 60% RBO diet. The
increased total antioxidant status was related to significantly (pc0.05) higher level
of plasma tocotrienol (5.19 ppm) compared to other diets (<2 ppm). These results
demonstrated that both blended oils (45% RBO and 60% RBO) have shown
some functional properties (relative to 100% RBO and 100% PO) in improving
indicators of CHD. Blending of RBO and PO at specific ratios improved the fatty
acid composition and antioxidant contents of the resulting oils. There could be
some interactions between palm tocotrienol and rice bran oryzanol in the blended
oil diets that resulted to these beneficial effects. In future, further studies are
needed to determine the exact mechanisms involved
An edible oil as cocoa butter substitute for maintaining healthy blood cholesterol levels and improvement of antioxidant status.
No full textThe present invention discloses an edible semi-solid/solid oil formulation from Canarium odontophyllum kernel oil (COKO) comprising 60.7% of saturated fatty acid (SFA), 36.5% of monosaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and 3.7 % of polyunsaturated fatty acid. The formulation in the present invention also contains polyphenolic compounds. COKO in the present invention is a potential source and starting ingredient for edible oil spreads, margarines, mayonnaises, shortenings, chocolates and cosmetic products. The present invention has also shown to excellently improve and maintain favorable plasma lipids profile (significantly lower TC, LDL-C and TG levels, significant increased in HDL-C level) and increased total antioxidant status. Therefore, COKO formulation is a potential edible semi-solid/solid oil spread or shortening, which also proven to improve plasma lipid profile and total antioxidant status
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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