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Kronik Ürtiker ve Etiyolojisi
No full textÜrtiker sık görülen bir deri lezyonudur ve hayat boyu prevalansı %15-23 olarak bildirilmiştir (1). Hastaların yarısında ürtikere anjioödem eşlik eder (2). Ürtikerin altı haftadan uzun sürmesi ve haftanın hemen her günü ortaya çıkması durumunda kronik ürtiker olarak sınıflandırılır (3). Kronik ürtiker, sıcak, soğuk, güneş ışınları gibi çeşitli fiziksel etkenlerle tetikleniyorsa kronik uyarılabilir ürtiker olarak değerlendirilir (3). Bazı hastalarda kronik uyarılabilir ürtikerin farklı tipleri bir arada görülebilir. Kronik ürtiker, toplumun %0.5-5’ini etkilemektedir (4).Hastaları değerlendirirken alınacak ayrıntılı öykü ve fizik muayene hem tanı hem de yapılacak laboratuvar tetkiklerini planlamak için yol gösterici olacaktır. Başta erişkinlerde olmak üzere kronik ürtiker etiyolojisinde çok farklı etkenler araştırılmış olmakla birlikte hastaların %50’sinde altta yatan neden bulunamamaktadır. Tanısal testler ayırıcı tanı, hastalık aktivitesinin değerlendirilmesi ve uyaranların/altta yatan nedenlerin aydınlatılması amacıyla yapılmaktadır. Farklı çalışmalarda fonksiyonel oto-antikorlar, ilaçlara ve besinlere karşı gelişen psödo-alerji (alerjik olmayan hipersensitivite reaksiyonları), akut ve kronik enfeksiyonlar (Helicobacter pylori veya paraziter enfeksiyonlar) ve ağır sistemik hastalıklar gibi çeşitli faktörler kronik ürtiker nedeni olarak bildirilmiştir (3). Derginin bu sayısında yayımlanan Arıkoğlu ve ark.nın (5) çalışmasında kronik ürtiker tanısı ile izlenen 18 yaşın altındaki 80 hastanın dosyaları retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiş. Hastaların %53.7’sinde kronik uyarılabilir ürtiker, %46.3’ünde kronik spontan ürtiker tespit edilmiş, etiyolojiye yönelik yapılan tetkiklerinde hastaların %23.7’sinde atopi, %16.4’ünde Helicobacter pylori pozitifliği, %20.3’ünde tiroid otoantikor varlığı, %33’ünde antinükleer antikor pozitifliği, %25’inde gıda katkı maddesi ile ilişkili ürtiker ve %6.7’sinde gaitada parazit saptanmış. Literatürde konuyla ilgili ülkemizden yapılan az sayıda çalışma olması nedeniyle bu makalenin ülkemizdeki duruma ışık tutması açısından okuyuculara yol gösterici olması beklenmektedir
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID-19
No full textO'Mahony, Liam/0000-0003-4705-3583; Sokolowska, Milena/0000-0001-9710-6685; Yadong, GAO/0000-0003-1251-7608; Bruggen, Marie-Charlotte/0000-0002-8607-6254; AZKUR, DILEK/0000-0002-4396-9087As a zoonotic disease that has already spread globally to several million human beings and possibly to domestic and wild animals, eradication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appears practically impossible. There is a pressing need to improve our understanding of the immunology of this disease to contain the pandemic by developing vaccines and medicines for the prevention and treatment of patients. In this review, we aim to improve our understanding on the immune response and immunopathological changes in patients linked to deteriorating clinical conditions such as cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, autopsy findings and changes in acute-phase reactants, and serum biochemistry in COVID-19. Similar to many other viral infections, asymptomatic disease is present in a significant but currently unknown fraction of the affected individuals. In the majority of the patients, a 1-week, self-limiting viral respiratory disease typically occurs, which ends with the development of neutralizing antiviral T cell and antibody immunity. The IgM-, IgA-, and IgG-type virus-specific antibodies levels are important measurements to predict population immunity against this disease and whether cross-reactivity with other coronaviruses is taking place. High viral load during the first infection and repeated exposure to virus especially in healthcare workers can be an important factor for severity of disease. It should be noted that many aspects of severe patients are unique to COVID-19 and are rarely observed in other respiratory viral infections, such as severe lymphopenia and eosinopenia, extensive pneumonia and lung tissue damage, a cytokine storm leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiorgan failure. Lymphopenia causes a defect in antiviral and immune regulatory immunity. At the same time, a cytokine storm starts with extensive activation of cytokine-secreting cells with innate and adaptive immune mechanisms both of which contribute to a poor prognosis. Elevated levels of acute-phase reactants and lymphopenia are early predictors of high disease severity. Prevention of development to severe disease, cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and novel approaches to prevent their development will be main routes for future research areas. As we learn to live amidst the virus, understanding the immunology of the disease can assist in containing the pandemic and in developing vaccines and medicines to prevent and treat individual patients
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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