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Balance and Respect vs. Commodification and Control: Conflicting Values in the Work of Maya-Tsotsil Author Mikel Ruiz
No full textBalance and Respect vs. Commodification and Control: Conflicting Values in the Work of Maya-Tsotsil Author Mikel Rui
INTENTIONALITY: AN INQUIRY INTO MIKEL DUFRENNE'S PHENOMENOLOGY OF AESTHETICS
No full textThe topic of this Dissertation is Mikel Dufrenne's Phenomenology of Aesthetics. In particular, it will focus on Dufrenne's claim that art is intersubjective, and will necessarily entail an inquiry into the basic components of phenomenology and aesthetics which influenced Dufrenne.This study will be divided into five component parts. Chapter One offers a brief investigation into the historical background of phenomenological and aesthetic theories relevant to Dufrenne's thesis. It will provide the reader with a basic understanding of the theories which encouraged Dufrenne to postulate his provocative claim that art is a phenomenological event.The notion of intentionality as regards Dufrenne will be the focus of Chapter Two. It particularly will establish Dufrenne's epistemological foundation of phenomenology in terms of three of his major works: The Notion of the A Priori, The Phenomenology of Aesthetic Experience, and Main Trends in Aesthetics and the Sciences of Art. Herein, Dufrenne's claim that the world is intersubjective due to the primordial rootedness of the a priori will be presented in the light of his aesthetic theory.Chapter Three will serve as an analysis of the positions stated in Chapter Two. It will evaluate and summarize Dufrenne's positions insofar as he has systematically presented them to the reader, in support of his final claims regarding the nature of contemporary art.The focus of Chapter Four will be those criticisms of Dufrenne's theory which have been presented to Dufrenne as well as extended criticisms offered by the author. It will evaluate those criticisms in terms of their own significance and with respect to a general phenomenology of aesthetics.Chapter Five will offer a summary of Dufrenne's position and the criticisms which have been made regarding it. It will also discuss some possible consequences for a phenomenology of art, particularly with respect to contemporary art.This Dissertation serves as a unique analysis of Mikel Dufrenne's Phenomenology of Aesthetics. It intends to evaluate his position in the light of its consistency, epistemology and final contentions. Through this study, aesthetic theory will be presented a new and perhaps revolutionary theory in keeping with the position of art in modern society.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 43-10, Section: A, page: 3341.Ph.D. American University 1982.Englis
Para uma estética da intimidade. Crítica de Mikel Dufrenne
No full textAcross the works of Mikel Dufrenne, the category of intimacy occurs almost always as a way to heighten the attributes of reciprocity, sharing, close friendship and communion of feelings which shape the bond between spectator and aesthetical object or artwork at the core of the aesthetic experience. In this sense, intimacy is a reticular concept, interchangeable with “profoundness”, “interiority”, “connaturality”. Hence, the aesthetic experience is, in a way, a zenith of intimacy, a paradigm of “intimate life”, namely, the moment where spectator, artist and the work disrobe and reveal themselves – in other words, when they mutually share the complicit removal of the veils concealing them. However, contrary to what such openness could suggest, the intimacy experienced herein does not designate a secret event, not even a private slice of the above actors’ hidden life. Intimacy is not placed in the domain of “intimism”, of particular affection, which a certain psychoanalysis tends to highlight. Converting intimacy into a pretext or grounds for a clinic, psychoanalytic function is of no interest to Mikel Dufrenne, as it corrupts the very aesthetic process. In this interpretative context, we intend, first and foremost, to consider the theoretical implications of Mikel Dufrenne’s proposal about the theme of intimacy. We also intend to demonstrate that, by shielding the category of intimacy from the quite frequent risks of instrumentalisation, intimacy becomes available to assist in renovating the meaning of overarching phenomenological themes, such as intentionality and constitution. We also aim at illustrating how the aesthetic experience is a naturally intimate relationship, bestowing it with an ontological dimension from the very beginning. Following on this interpretation, quite beyond what the author made explicit, we wish to contribute to the proper critical appraisal of the thought of one of the greatest aesthetic philosophers - Mikel Dufrenne.Na obra de Mikel Dufrenne, a categoria da intimidade surge quase sempre utilizada para reforçar os atributos da reciprocidade, da amizade cúmplice, da partilha e comunhão de sentimentos que estruturam a relação que se instaura entre o espetador e o objeto estético ou a obra de arte, no âmago da experiência estética. Neste sentido, a intimidade é um conceito reticular, permutável pelo de “profundidade”, “interioridade”, “conaturalidade”. Por isso, a experiência estética é, de certo modo, um zénite de intimidade, um paradigma da “vida íntima”, ou seja, o acontecimento no qual o espetador, o artista e a obra se desnudam e se desvendam, ou seja, onde mutuamente partilham da cúmplice retirada dos véus da ocultação de si. Contudo, contrariamente ao que esta abertura poderia deixar entender, a intimidade que aí se vivencia não designa um evento secreto, nem sequer uma parcela privada da vida oculta dos referidos atores. A intimidade não se coloca no registo do “intimismo”, da afeção particular, ao qual uma certa psicanálise tende a conferir o protagonismo. Uma intimidade que se converta em pretexto ou ocasião de uma função clínica, psicanalítica, não interessa a Mikel Dufrenne na medida em que ela perverte o próprio processo estético. Neste contexto interpretativo, pretendemos, em primeiro lugar, avaliar o alcance do posicionamento teórico da proposta de Mikel Dufrenne acerca do tema da intimidade. Pretendemos, também, mostrar que, preservando-a dos riscos muito frequentes de instrumentalização, a categoria da intimidade fica disponível para contribuir para uma renovação de sentido dos arquitemas fenomenológicos, tais como o da intencionalidade e da constituição. Temos ainda em mente evidenciar de que modo a experiência estética é naturalmente uma relação íntima, conferindo-lhe uma dimensão ontológica desde o seu primeiro momento. Com esta interpretação do tema, muito para lá daquilo que o autor deixou explícito, desejamos contribuir para a justa valorização crítica do pensamento de um dos maiores filósofos da estética - Mikel Dufrenne.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Air pollution and cyclists
No full textThe chapter, "Air pollution and cyclists" was written by the listed authors including Luisa V. Giles (Douglas College Faculty). Finally, the authoritative resource that serious cyclists have been waiting for has arrived. The perfect blend of science and application, Cycling Science takes you inside the sport, into the training room and research lab, and onto the course.
A remarkable achievement, Cycling Science features the following:
• Contributions from 43 top cycling scientists and coaches from around the world
• The latest thinking on the rider-machine interface, including topics such as bike fit, aerodynamics, biomechanics, and pedaling technique
• Information about environmental stressors, including heat, altitude, and air pollution
• A look at health issues such as on-bike and off-bike nutrition, common injuries, fatigue, overtraining, and recovery
• Help in planning training programs, including using a power meter, managing cycling data, off-the-bike training, cycling specific stretching, and mental training
• The latest coaching and racing techniques, including pacing theories, and strategies for road, track, MTB, BMX, and ultra-distance events
In this book, editors and cycling scientists Stephen Cheung, PhD, and Mikel Zabala, PhD, have assembled the latest information for serious cyclists.book chapterPublished
Embryo-Induced Changes in the Protein Profile of Bovine Oviductal Extracellular Vesicles
No full textThe study of early maternal-embryonic cross-talk remains one of the most challenging topics in reproductive biology. Understanding the physiological mechanisms involved in the interactions between the maternal reproductive tract and the developing embryo is essential for enhancing bovine reproductive efficiency. This complex communication starts within the oviduct, where the modulation of biological processes important for ensuring embryo quality is partially facilitated through extracellular vesicles (EVs). Utilizing a combination of in vivo and in vitro models this study had three main objectives: 1) to examine the protein cargo of EVs isolated from the oviductal fluid (OF) of cyclic and pregnant heifers to understand their role in maternal-embryonic communication in vivo; 2) to characterize the protein profile of EVs in conditioned medium (CM) resulting from the culture of oviductal explants alone (Exp) or in the presence of 8- to 16-cell stage embryos (Exp + Emb); and 3) to compare the protein cargo of EVs from Exp with EVs from cyclic heifers and EVs from Exp + Emb with EVs from pregnant heifers. Proteins were considered "identified" if detected in at least three out of five replicates and considered "exclusive" if detected in at least three out of five replicates within one group but absent in all samples of other groups. We identified 659 and 1476 proteins in the OF-EVs of cyclic and pregnant heifers, respectively. Among these, 644 proteins were identified in OF-EVs from both cyclic and pregnant heifers, and 40 proteins were exclusive to OF-EVs from the pregnant group. Within the 644 proteins identified in both groups, 31 were identified as differently abundant proteins (DAPs). In pregnant heifers, DAPs were mainly related to genome activation, DNA repair, embryonic cell differentiation, migration, and immune tolerance. In vitro, we identified 841 proteins in the CM-EVs from Exp alone, 613 from Exp + Emb, and 111 in the CM-EVs from Emb alone. In the qualitative analysis between the three in vitro groups, 81 proteins were identified in all groups, 452 were common to Exp and Exp + Emb, 17 were common to Exp and Emb, 5 were common to Exp + Emb and Emb, 4 were unique to Exp, 6 were unique to Exp + Emb, and none were unique to Emb. Proteins identified when there is an interaction between the oviduct and the embryo in vitro, corresponding to the Exp + Emb group, were associated with immune tolerance, structural activity, binding, and cytoskeletal regulation. In vivo and in vitro EVs exhibit distinct qualitative and quantitative protein contents, both when comparing EVs produced in the absence of an embryo (Cyclic and Exp) and those that have undergone embryo-oviduct interaction (Pregnant and Exp + Emb). The observed changes in the protein cargo of EVs due to maternal-embryonic communication in vivo and in vitro suggest that the interaction between the embryo and the maternal milieu initiates within the oviduct and is potentially facilitated by EVs and their protein contents.This research was supported by research projects: PID2019-111641RB-I00 and PID2023-149027OB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ to DR and PRE2020-094452 to RM.Peer reviewe
INTENTIONALITY: AN INQUIRY INTO MIKEL DUFRENNE'S PHENOMENOLOGY OF AESTHETICS
No full textThe topic of this Dissertation is Mikel Dufrenne's Phenomenology of Aesthetics. In particular, it will focus on Dufrenne's claim that art is intersubjective, and will necessarily entail an inquiry into the basic components of phenomenology and aesthetics which influenced Dufrenne. This study will be divided into five component parts. Chapter One offers a brief investigation into the historical background of phenomenological and aesthetic theories relevant to Dufrenne's thesis. It will provide the reader with a basic understanding of the theories which encouraged Dufrenne to postulate his provocative claim that art is a phenomenological event. The notion of intentionality as regards Dufrenne will be the focus of Chapter Two. It particularly will establish Dufrenne's epistemological foundation of phenomenology in terms of three of his major works: The Notion of the A Priori, The Phenomenology of Aesthetic Experience, and Main Trends in Aesthetics and the Sciences of Art. Herein, Dufrenne's claim that the world is intersubjective due to the primordial rootedness of the a priori will be presented in the light of his aesthetic theory. Chapter Three will serve as an analysis of the positions stated in Chapter Two. It will evaluate and summarize Dufrenne's positions insofar as he has systematically presented them to the reader, in support of his final claims regarding the nature of contemporary art. The focus of Chapter Four will be those criticisms of Dufrenne's theory which have been presented to Dufrenne as well as extended criticisms offered by the author. It will evaluate those criticisms in terms of their own significance and with respect to a general phenomenology of aesthetics. Chapter Five will offer a summary of Dufrenne's position and the criticisms which have been made regarding it. It will also discuss some possible consequences for a phenomenology of art, particularly with respect to contemporary art. This Dissertation serves as a unique analysis of Mikel Dufrenne's Phenomenology of Aesthetics. It intends to evaluate his position in the light of its consistency, epistemology and final contentions. Through this study, aesthetic theory will be presented a new and perhaps revolutionary theory in keeping with the position of art in modern society.</p
Identification of the Wnt signal peptide that directs secretion on extracellular vesicles
No full textWnt proteins are hydrophobic glycoproteins that are nevertheless capable of long-range signaling. We found that Wnt7a is secreted long distance on the surface of extracellular vesicles (EVs) following muscle injury. We defined a signal peptide region in Wnts required for secretion on EVs, termed exosome-binding peptide (EBP). Addition of EBP to an unrelated protein directed secretion on EVs. Palmitoylation and the signal peptide were not required for Wnt7a-EV secretion. Coatomer was identified as the EV-binding protein for the EBP. Analysis of cocrystal structures, binding thermodynamics, and mutagenesis found that a dilysine motif mediates EBP binding to coatomer with a conserved function across the Wnt family. We showed that EBP is required for Wnt7a bioactivity when expressed in vivo during regeneration. Overall, our study has elucidated the structural basis and singularity of Wnt secretion on EVs, alternatively to canonical secretion, opening avenues for innovative therapeutic targeting strategies and systemic protein delivery.This work was supported by Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarships–Doctoral Award (to D.D.), Defeat Duchenne Canada (MAR), US National Institutes for Health R01AR044031 (to M.A.R.), Canadian Institutes for Health Research FDN-148387; PJT-183804 (to M.A.R.), Ontario Institute for Regenerative Medicine (to M.A.R.), Stem Cell Network (to M.A.R.), and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) PID2020-119132GB-100 (to A.H.)
High-Throughput Proteomic Analysis of Human Dermal Fibroblast Response to Different Blood Derivatives: Autologous Topical Serum Derived from Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) versus Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Plasma (L-PRP)
No full textPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) is nowadays used in the treatment of different types of cutaneous lesions. However, different compositions can influence clinical outcomes. Among them, the inclusion of leukocytes is controversial. High-throughput proteomics techniques were used to analyze the proteins that are differentially expressed in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) after treatment for 24 h with two PRP types, autologous topical serum (Endoret serum—ES) derived from plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) and leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP). The identified proteins were then classified by both Gene Ontology and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. The obtained results show that the compositions of ES and L-PRP differ in such a way that they induce different responses in HDFs. ES-treated HDFs overexpress growth factor-related proteins, leading to protein synthesis, cell proliferation and migration. By contrast, L-PRP treatment induces a response similar to that caused by proinflammatory molecules. These data could explain the contradictory clinical results obtained for the different types of PRP, especially with respect to their leukocyte contents
Embryo-induced alterations in the protein profile of bovine oviductal extracellular vesicles
No full textThe oviduct provides the optimum environment for early embryonic development. Maternal-embryonic communication, which is essential for embryo quality, is mediated partly via extracellular vesicles (EVs). This study aimed to investigate the protein cargo of EVs obtained from the oviductal fluid (OF) of pregnant and cyclic heifers and their implications for maternal-embryonic communication in vivo. Oestrous cycles of crossbred beef heifers were synchronized, following which they were artificially inseminated (pregnant; n=13) or not (cyclic; n= 8) and slaughtered 3.5 days after insemination. The oviduct ipsilateral to the corpus luteum was flushed and the OF was examined to confirm the presence of a 6-8 cell embryo in pregnant animals. OF-EVs were isolated using size exclusion chromatography, concentrated by ultrafiltration, while EVs presence were characterized by flow cytometry using antibodies for specific EV markers (CD63, CD81, and CD44). Proteomic analysis was carried out using nanoLC-MS/MS with spectral counting to identify and quantify the proteins present in the EVs. Five animals from each group were used and statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA for flow cytometry data or T-test for proteomic data, both with a significance level of 5%. Bioinformatic analysis was performed with the DAVID and STRING tools. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed EV presence and no significant differences in EV markers between groups. A total of 1,101 proteins were identified: 5 unique to OF-EVs from cyclic heifers, 611 unique to pregnant heifers, and 485 in common. Among the common proteins, 93 were upregulated and 42 were downregulated in OF-EVs from the pregnant group. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that proteins exclusive to pregnant OF-EVs are involved in the Ras and Hippo pathways. Of note, Ras signaling is critical for mouse embryo development at the time of embryonic genome activation, which in cattle occurs in the oviduct during 8- to 16-cells transition. Furthermore, LLGL1, PATJ, and PARD6GB, members of the Hippo pathway exclusively found in pregnant OF-EVs, can regulate cell polarity and establishment of pluripotency. Additional pathways related to unique and upregulated proteins in pregnant OF-EVs include tight junction, cell adhesion molecules, and focal adhesion, which are essential for proper oviductal cell functioning and embryo development. Gene ontology analysis also revealed that upregulated proteins in pregnant OF-EVs, in comparison to EVs from cyclic animals, are associated with the immune response. In conclusion, although our model does not exclude a potential effect of sperm on the OF-EVs in the inseminated group, the study characterized a specific protein signature in OF-EVs from pregnant animals, which is likely due to the interactions established between the mother and the embryo.Financial support: RSGM and MARF received funding for this research from Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP – Grant 2015/18519-8; 2017/14957-6) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq – Grant 441492/2014-2).Peer reviewe
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