74 research outputs found
Correction: Measuring the impact of an interdisciplinary learning project on nursing, architecture and landscape design students’ empathy (PLOS ONE (2019) 14:10 (E0215795) DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215795)
No full text© 2019 The PLOS ONE Staff. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. There are errors in the Author Contributions. The correct contributions are: Conceptualization: Samantha Donnelly, Suzanne Dean Data curation: Shohreh Razavy Formal analysis: Shohreh Razavy Investigation: Samantha Donnelly, Suzanne Dean Methodology: Tracy Levett-Jones Project administration: Suzanne Dean Supervision: Tracy Levett-Jones Writing–original draft: Samantha Donnelly Writing–review & editing: Shohreh Razavy, Suzanne Dean, Tracy Levett-Jones The second author, Suzanne Dean, is incorrectly noted as the corresponding author. The correct corresponding author is Samantha Donnelly. Dr. Donnelly’s email address is: [email protected]. The publisher apologizes for these errors
The Role of Urban Density and Morphology in the Air Pollution of Tehran Metropolitan
No full textPourmohammadi, M.R. and Gharbani, R. (2003) "Paradigm Dimensions and Strategies for Density of Urban Spaces". Quarterly Journal of Humanities, Vol., No. 29, pp. 85- 107.
Kazemi, M and Mohammadi, M. (2001), "Sustainable Urban Development, Concepts and Perspectives", Quarterly Journal of Geographic Research, No. 62
Tabibian, M. (1999). "Determination of Sustainability Indicators and their Representation in the Environment". Journal of Environmental Studies, Vol. 25, No. 24, pp. 12-12.
Azizi, M.M. (2009). The role and place of building density in urban development, Proceedings of the first construction seminar in the capital
Azizi, M.M. (2004). Density in Urban Planning Second Edition, Tehran: Tehran University Press.
Gholizadeh, M.H. and Farajzadeh, M., and Mohammadi, M. (2009), Relationship between air pollution and mortality in the population of Tehran, Hakim Research Journal, Summer 88, Volume 12, Number 2, pp. 65-71.
Mashhadi, S. (2010). Population density and construction in Shohreh., Tehran: Masinaei Publishing.
Farshinehnezhad, M.R. (2004), "Introduction to Environmental Issues," Adineh Publication.
Rafipour, M. (2000), "Final Report on Formation of a Basic Information Item for the Study of Air Pollution in Cities", Research Center for Meteorology and Geosciences.
Hall, P. and Fifer, O. (2009). 21st century urban future. Safai, Venus Tehran: Iranian Consulting Engineers Society.
Kermani, M. (2003) "Investigation of TSP and 10 PM values and composition of their constituent materials in the air of Tehran Shariati Hospital", Master's Degree in Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Research Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Tory, P.N. (1996). Urban Consolidation and the family, in the Compact City: A Sustainable Urban Formss, London:E and Fn Spon, and Imprint of Chapman and Hall.
Burton, E. (2000). the potential of the compact city for promoting social equity Achieving sustainable urban form: Spon press.
Dimitriou A, Christidou V. Pupils' understanding of air pollution. Journal of Biological Education. 2007 Winter; 42(1):24-29.
 
Evaluation of Heavy Metal Removal from Wastewater in a Modified Packed Bed Biofilm Reactor.
No full textFor the effective application of a modified packed bed biofilm reactor (PBBR) in wastewater industrial practice, it is essential to distinguish the tolerance of the system for heavy metals removal. The industrial contamination of wastewater from various sources (e.g. Zn, Cu, Cd and Ni) was studied to assess the impacts on a PBBR. This biological system was examined by evaluating the tolerance of different strengths of composite heavy metals at the optimum hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 hours. The heavy metal content of the wastewater outlet stream was then compared to the source material. Different biomass concentrations in the reactor were assessed. The results show that the system can efficiently treat 20 (mg/l) concentrations of combined heavy metals at an optimum HRT condition (2 hours), while above this strength there should be a substantially negative impact on treatment efficiency. Average organic reduction, in terms of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the system, is reduced above the tolerance limits for heavy metals as mentioned above. The PBBR biological system, in the presence of high surface area carrier media and a high microbial population to the tune of 10 000 (mg/l), is capable of removing the industrial contamination in wastewater
Comparing Bacterial Diversity in Two Full-Scale Enhanced Biological Phosphate Removal Reactors Using 16S Amplicon Pyrosequencing
No full textEvaluation of Different Wastewater Treatment Processes and Development of a Modified Attached Growth Bioreactor as a Decentralized Approach for Small Communities
No full textThis study was undertaken to evaluate the potential future use of three biological processes in order to designate the most desired solution for on-site treatment of wastewater from residential complexes, that is, conventional activated sludge process (CASP), moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), and packed-bed biofilm reactor (PBBR). Hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6, 3, and 2 h can be achieved in CASP, MBBR, and PBBR, respectively. The PBBR dealt with a particular arrangement to prevent the restriction of oxygen transfer efficiency into the thick biofilms. The laboratory scale result revealed that the overall reduction of 87% COD, 92% BOD5, 82% TSS, 79% NH3-N, 43% PO4-P, 95% MPN, and 97% TVC at a HRT of 2 h was achieved in PBBR. The microflora present in the system was also estimated through the isolation, identification, and immobilization of the microorganisms with an index of COD elimination. The number of bacterial species examined on the nutrient agar medium was 22 and five bacterial species were documented to degrade the organic pollutants by reducing COD by more than 43%. This study illustrated that the present PBBR with a specific modified internal arrangement could be an ideal practice for promoting sustainable decentralization and therefore providing a low wastage sludge biomass concentration
Green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide using persea americana mill. extract: characterization, oxygen reduction reaction and antibacterial application
No full textReduced graphene oxide (rGO) has garnered tremendous attention due to its salient properties that make it applicable in various electrochemical and environmental remediation fields. However, the commonly used chemical method to obtain rGO from graphene oxide (GO) involves toxic chemicals making both the process and product toxic and expensive. In the present work, the suitability of Avocado (Persea americana Mill) seed extract to reduce as-synthesized GO to rGO was investigated fully by optimising the reducing parameters such as the pH, temperature, amount of extract and reduction time. The formation of rGO from GO was confirmed with UV–Vis spectrophotometry (UV–Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The optimal conditions for reducing GO with avocado seed extract are pH 8, 100 °C, and 12 h. The average thickness and width for the rGO was 5.55 nm and 11.39 nm accordingly. While GO exhibited a ζ of −29.9.3 mV, the reduced GO possessed a − 38.2 mV. Calculations from the Kotouckey-Levich's equation demonstrated that the obtained rGO can potentially be applied as an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst for the generation of hydrogen peroxide since it follows a 2e− pathway mechanism where hydrogen peroxide is generated as an intermediate. Additionally, the avocado seed extract reduced GO demonstrated a slight growth inhibition of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA
Evaluation of the Digestibility of Attached and Suspended Growth Sludge in an Aerobic Digester for a Small Community
No full textThe aerobic sludge digestion process for waste sludge generated from suspended biomass (i.e., activated sludge process, ASP) and attached biomass (i.e., moving bed bioreactor, MBBR and modified packed bed biofilm, PBBR) reactors in a residential complex were analyzed. The rate of digestion with respect to different sludge characteristics generated through these various treatment processes were examined; the results revealed that waste sludge from ASP took 16 days to achieve complete digestion while MBBR and PBBR took nine and seven days, respectively. The most important factors influencing the sludge digestion such as sludge volume index (SVI), mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS), and mixed liquor volatile suspended solid (MLVSS) were examined. The ASP which had the highest initial MLSS and MLVS took a longer time for digestion. Aerobic sludge digestion in all the treatment reactors was studied under laboratory scale conditions in batch experimentation to evaluate sludge characteristics and the rate of digestion as well as through a continuous bench scale pilot system to optimize the process parameters. Removal efficiencies of volatile solids (VS) 90.71% in ASP, 84.27% in MBBR and 84.07% in PBBR in aerobic digestion during batch mode were also observed. The study revealed that the aerobic sludge digestion process utilized in curbing sludge is not feasible application for a small community due to very long digestion times and a large amount of space although Packed Bed Biofilm (PBBR) used the lowest time (seven days) compared to the other systems.</jats:p
The effect of precursor on the optical properties of carbon quantum dots synthesized by hydrothermal/solvothermal method
No full textHeavy metal distribution in particulate and dissolved forms in different stages in the PBBR system.
No full text(a) Distribution of Cd in different treatment stages (b) Distribution of Ni in different treatment stages. (c) Distribution of Cu in different treatment stages (d) Distribution of Zn in different treatment stages.</p
Variation of strength of composite heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Ni and Cu).
No full textVariation of strength of composite heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Ni and Cu).</p
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