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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Legal regulation of crime reporting
No full textجعل المشرع العراقي في المادة (1/أ) من قانون أصول المحاكمات الجزائية المعدل ، الإخبار وسيلة من وسائل تحريك الدعوى الجزائية بصدد الجرائم التي تحرك الدعوى فيها بلا شكوى، وهو في هذا القانون جوازي بالنسبة للشخص العادي ما لم تكن الجريمة التي علم بها جناية وهو حضر إرتكابها إلا أنه وجوبي بالنسبة للموظف أو المكلف بخدمة عامه والذي يعلم بوقوع جريمة أثناء تأدية عمله أو بسببه . أما الإخبار عن الجرائم الإرهابية بموجب المادة (4/3) من قانون مكافحة الإرهاب لإقليم كوردستان رقم 3 لسنة 2006 وجوبي على كافة أفراد المجتمع دون إستثناء وذلك لما تتضمن هذه الجرائم من خطر عام مما يستلزم وجود مشاركة جماعية لمكافحتها إلا أن قوانين مكافحة الإرهاب للدول الأخرى إستثنت من ذلك الأزواج والأصول والفروع من هذا الإلزام ورأينا بأن ذلك يحقق العدالة حماية للأسرة من التفكك لذلك إقترحنا على المشرع الكوردستاني أن يعدل قانون مكافحة الإرهاب وأن يعمل بهذا الإستثناء .The Iraqi Legislator, in article (1-A ) of code of Criminal Procedure , has made notifying as an instrument to criminal cases , as a public right crimes ( according to the law ) it is considered to be permissible for a regular person , unless he/she knew about or seen the crime in advance is felony . It is considered to be binding for employee or assigned to public service, which knows that the crime is committed during his /her duty or due to it.
However, notifying on a terrorist crimes are considered to be binding on every individual within the society without exception , article (4/3) of Anti- Terrorism Act in Kurdistan Region number (3) for the year (2006),
This due to the nature of such crime and how it affects the public that lead to collective participation to combat it
The Crime of Refraining from Relief: Analytical Study
No full textتحاول هذه الدراسة تسليط الضوء على جريمة تواجه اغلب المجتمات في أوقات الخطر ، وتجرم الأفعال التي تتنافى مع الروح الإنسانية لمساعدة الآخرين عند المقدرة ، والتي تتمثل في جريمة الإمتناع عن غوث المحتاجين أو ما تسمى بجريمة الإمتناع عن الإغاثة والتي أجمع الفقهاء على أنها تعني الإمتناع عــــن تقــــديم العــــون لــــشخص آخــــر تتعــــرض حياتــــه أو ســــلامة جــــسمه أو أمواله للخطر ، مــــع علــــم الجاني بهذا الخطــــر وقدرتــــه علــــى إنقــــاذ المجنى عليه منه، دون إصابته هو أو غيره بأي ضرر . من المعلوم وظيفة القوانين العقابية هي تحديد السلوك الإجرامي والعقوبة المقررة له ،وتجريم اي سلوك يؤدي الى تضييق نطاق حرية الأفراد وتضع على عاتق افراد المجتمع التزاما، الا وهو الإبتعاد عن هذا السلوك الجرمي والإنصياع لحكم القانون، من هنا جاءت هذه الدراسة.This study attempts to shed light on a crime that confronts most societies in times of danger and criminalizes acts that are contrary to the human spirit to help others when they can, namely the crime of abstaining from the relief of the needy or the so-called crime of abstention from relief. The help of another person whose life, safety, or money is at risk, knowing that the offender is aware of this danger and his ability to save the victim from it, without harming him or any other harm. It is known that the function of punitive laws is to determine the criminal behavior and the punishment prescribed for it, and to criminalize any behavior that leads to restricting the freedom of individuals and placing the members of society on an obligation, namely to stay away from this criminal behavior and obey the rule of law, This is where the study came from
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Rule of restriction of the court to the limits of criminal proceedings
No full text يقصد بقاعدة تقييد المحكمة بحدود الدعوى الجزائية إنحصار سلطة المحكمة بالحدود العينية والشخصية للدعوى الجزائية ، ويكمن الأساس السليم لها في نظرية حياد القاضي والتي يستلزم عليه أن ينظر الى الدعوى نظرة محايدة مستمدة من الإيمان بإفتراض براءة المتهم ، ولا يتعارض مع الإلتزام بها تغيير الوصف القانوني للواقعة الى الوصف الذي تراه المحكمة صحيحا وكذلك قيام المحكمة بتعديل التهمة لأنه في هاتين الحالتين لا تقوم المحكمة بإسناد واقعة أخرى الى الجريمة المسندة الى المتهم بل تحاكمه عن نفس الواقعة ولكن بوصف ترى المحكمة أنه أكثر إنطباقاً على الواقعة وماتوصلت اليه التحقيقات القضائية أو المحاكمة .
أما في حالة الحكم على المتهم مباشرة بسبب إرتكابه في قاعة المحاكمة جنحة أو مخالفة
وأقامت الدعوى عليه في الحال وحكمت عليه فقد تكون المحكمة تجاوزت نسبياً الحدود الموضوعية للدعوى الجزائية .
وإن النص على الحدود الشخصية للدعوى الجزائية فقط دون الحدود الموضوعية في قانون أصول المحاكمات الجزائية العراقي يعد نقصا تشريعيا يستلزم تدراكه وإن تلافى القضاء ذلك في أحكامه .The principle of restrict the court within the criminal lawsuit limits, means restricting the power of the court by the personal limits of the criminal case. A sound foundation of this principle lies in the impartiality of the judge, which requires him to look into the case from the perspective of impartiality derived from the presumption of the judge that the defendant is innocent originally. It is not conflicted with the commitment to this principle, if there is any change in the legal description for the fact of the case, or in case of modifying the charge by the court, which seem to be more compatible. Because in both mentioned situations, the court does not bring any additional fact to the accused person. That means the court will prosecute the defendant through the same case but under another description, which consistent more with the fact of the case, as a result of judicial investigations or trial.
Notably, in case of convicting the defendant immediately due to committing a misdemeanor or infraction in the court room, the court may relatively exceed the objective limits of the criminal lawsuit. Moreover, the stipulation on the personal limits for the criminal lawsuit only, without objective limits in the Iraqi Criminal Procedure Code, is considered as a lack point in this legislation which must be realized and avoided by the court
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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