11 research outputs found
جدید فارسی نظم اور اہم اُردو مترجمین
No full textThere is a great importance of old education in the progress of modern education. This is the same for language and literature. The most important factor in the progress and spread of language and literature is translation. In modern times, the term of recreation is used for translation. Every new term is called as "Modern". In poetry or literature whether this modernization is based on words or techniques and ideas. Those people who migrated from Iran, based the foundation of modern Persian poem. Modern Persian poetry have the qualities of "Shayri No" (new peom), "Shayri Mojhy No" (new poetry) wave. There are five books of modern Persian poetry in Urdu translation that we include, Modern Persian poetry (translated by N.M. Rashid), Nazmain Tera Tawaf Karti Hain (translated by Dr. Muen Nizami), Rabte Kay Diye (translated by Uzma Aziz Khan), Muasar Irani Shayari (translated by Muhammad Keumarsi) and Muasar Irani Nazmain (translated by Saadat Saeed) in following tranalators, important names are Aftab Asghar, Dr. Shoaib Ahmad, Khawaja Abdul Hameed Yazdani, Ali Kamel Qazilabash, Ali Mazhar Asghar, Afsar Mahpuri, Sarfraz Zafar, Naheed Kishwar and Fatima Fayyaz
Antenatal HIV Screening and Treatment in South Africa: Social Norms and Policy Options
No full textSouth Africa has one of the highest prevalence of HIV and AIDS in the world, with mother-to-child transmission being an important route for spread of the infection. For years, AIDS scientists and activists locally and internationally have been working desperately for the people of South Africa to have access to treatment for HIV and AIDS. Policymakers in South Africa have consistently maintained that HIV infection is not responsible for AIDS, thus creating the biggest obstacle to implementation of appropriate prevention and therapeutic programmes, including antiretroviral therapy for HIV positive persons. Only recently, people within the government and ruling party, defying previous policy, have agreed that antiretroviral drugs should be given to pregnant women with HIV. The social fabric of South African society is markedly different from that of Western countries. In this paper, the author analyses the likely implications of antenatal testing and treatment of pregnant women in South Africa, in light of the socio-economic and cultural status of women in that society. (Afr J Reprod Health 2004; 8[2]: 77-85
Antenatal HIV Screening and Treatment in South Africa: Social Norms and Policy Options
No full textSouth Africa has one of the highest prevalence of HIV and AIDS in the world, with mother-to-child transmission being an important route for spread of the infection. For years, AIDS scientists and activists locally and internationally have been working desperately for the people of South Africa to have access to treatment for HIV and AIDS. Policymakers in South Africa have consistently maintained that HIV infection is not responsible for AIDS, thus creating the biggest obstacle to implementation of appropriate prevention and therapeutic programmes, including antiretroviral therapy for HIV positive persons. Only recently, people within the government and ruling party, defying previous policy, have agreed that antiretroviral drugs should be given to pregnant women with HIV. The social fabric of South African society is markedly different from that of Western countries. In this paper, the author analyses the likely implications of antenatal testing and treatment of pregnant women in South Africa, in light of the socio-economic and cultural status of women in that society. (Afr J Reprod Health 2004; 8[2]: 77-85 )
KEY WORDS: HIV screening, South Africa, pregnant women
Dépistage et traitement prénatals du VIH en Afrique du Sud: normes sociales et options des politiques.
L\'Afrique du Sud a une des plus hautes prévalences du VIH et SIDA du monde, dont la transmission de la mère à l\'enfant est une voie importante pour la propagation de l\'infection. Depuis des années, les scientifiques et des activistes du SIDA sur le plan local et international, travaillent désespéremment pour que les gens d\'Afrique du Sud aient un accès au traitement pour le VIH et le SIDA. Les décisionnaires en Afrique du Sud ont systématiquement insisté sur le fait que l\'infection du VIH n\'est pas responsable du SIDA, créant ainsi le plus grand obstacle à la réalisation de la prévention appropriée et des programmes thérapeutiques, y compris la thérapie antirétrovirale pour les personnes séropositives. Très récemment, les fonctionnaires et les membres du parti politique au pouvoir, au mépris de l\'ancienne politique, ont accepté que les médicaments antirétroviraux soient donnés aux femmes enceintes séropositives. Le tissu social de la société sud africaine est remarquablement différent de celui des pays occidentaux. Dans cet article, l\'auteur fait une analyse des implications probables du dépistage et traitement prénatals des femmes enceintes en Afrique du Sud, à la lumière de la situation socio-économique et culturelle des femmes dans cette société-là. (Rev Afr Santé Reprod 2004; 8[2]: 77-85
Global-Local Image Perceptual Score (GLIPS): Evaluating Photorealistic Quality of AI-Generated Images
No full textThis paper introduces the Global-Local Image Perceptual Score (GLIPS), an
image metric designed to assess the photorealistic image quality of
AI-generated images with a high degree of alignment to human visual perception.
Traditional metrics such as FID and KID scores do not align closely with human
evaluations. The proposed metric incorporates advanced transformer-based
attention mechanisms to assess local similarity and Maximum Mean Discrepancy
(MMD) to evaluate global distributional similarity. To evaluate the performance
of GLIPS, we conducted a human study on photorealistic image quality.
Comprehensive tests across various generative models demonstrate that GLIPS
consistently outperforms existing metrics like FID, SSIM, and MS-SSIM in terms
of correlation with human scores. Additionally, we introduce the Interpolative
Binning Scale (IBS), a refined scaling method that enhances the
interpretability of metric scores by aligning them more closely with human
evaluative standards. The proposed metric and scaling approach not only
provides more reliable assessments of AI-generated images but also suggest
pathways for future enhancements in image generation technologies.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine
System
Visual Verity in AI-Generated Imagery: Computational Metrics and Human-Centric Analysis
No full textThe rapid advancements in AI technologies have revolutionized the production of graphical content across various sectors, including entertainment, advertising, and e-commerce. These developments have spurred the need for robust evaluation methods to assess the quality and realism of AI-generated images. To address this, we conducted three studies. First, we introduced and validated a questionnaire called Visual Verity, which measures photorealism, image quality, and text-image alignment. Second, we applied this questionnaire to assess images from AI models (DALL-E2, DALL-E3, GLIDE, Stable Diffusion) and camera-generated images, revealing that camera-generated images excelled in photorealism and text-image alignment, while AI models led in image quality. We also analyzed statistical properties, finding that camera-generated images scored lower in hue, saturation, and brightness. Third, we evaluated computational metrics\u27 alignment with human judgments, identifying MS-SSIM and CLIP as the most consistent with human assessments. Additionally, we proposed the Neural Feature Similarity Score (NFSS) for assessing image quality. Our findings highlight the need for refining computational metrics to better capture human visual perception, thereby enhancing AI-generated content evaluation
فکر اقبال کے چند زوایے اور معاصر عہد
No full textAllama Iqbal's poetry and his thoughts present a perfect cure for the present-day unfortunate cultural and social environment predominant at both the national and international level. If we want to progress like the forward-looking countries and live according to our Islamic identity and cultural values as a respectable nation, we will have to make Allama Iqbal's message a part of our national character. In the following research paper, the author has tried to emphasize this central theme
Impact of COVID-19 on Elective Surgical Lists in Otorhinolaryngology: An Overview
No full textObjective: To study how the COVID-19 is affecting the treatment and management of other ailments. Try to find a strategy to resume elective OR lists.Introduction: We overviewed the effect of COVID-19 on the elective surgical lists of otorhinolaryngology in the ENT Department of Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi.Materials and Methods: The data from Jan 2020 to July 2020 was collected. It is a descriptive study analyzing the data, 3 months before and 3 months after the imposition of lockdown in the whole of Pakistan due to a surge in COVID-19 cases. The data was collected from the operation dating register of OPD and elective operative lists of ENT OT. Data were analyzed by Microsoft excel spreadsheet version 7. Results: There was an overall 92% decrease in the elective surgical procedures done in the ENT dept. of Holy family Hospital during the COVID-19 lockdown period. The procedures done in the COVID lockdown period were mostly emergency procedures and lifesaving procedures.Conclusion: COVID-19 has badly impacted the elective surgical procedures and in turn the health of the patients presenting to ENT OPD with various diseases which were treated surgically before COVID lockdown.Recommendations: To prevent this from happening again during the 2nd wave of COVID-19, we could opt for multiple precautionary measures to avoid the spread of infection and continue the provision of our surgical services to the patients
Secure big data ecosystem architecture : challenges and solutions
No full textBig data ecosystems are complex data-intensive, digital–physical systems. Data-intensive ecosystems offer a number of benefits; however, they present challenges as well. One major challenge is related to the privacy and security. A number of privacy and security models, techniques and algorithms have been proposed over a period of time. The limitation is that these solutions are primarily focused on an individual or on an isolated organizational context. There is a need to study and provide complete end-to-end solutions that ensure security and privacy throughout the data lifecycle across the ecosystem beyond the boundary of an individual system or organizational context. The results of current study provide a review of the existing privacy and security challenges and solutions using the systematic literature review (SLR) approach. Based on the SLR approach, 79 applicable articles were selected and analyzed. The information from these articles was extracted to compile a catalogue of security and privacy challenges in big data ecosystems and to highlight their interdependencies. The results were categorized from theoretical viewpoint using adaptive enterprise architecture and practical viewpoint using DAMA framework as guiding lens. The findings of this research will help to identify the research gaps and draw novel research directions in the context of privacy and security in big data-intensive ecosystems. © 2021, The Author(s)
Finite-Difference Approximation for Explaining Neural Network Predictions in Financial Credit Evaluation
No full textFinancial credit evaluation is an essential process that enables lenders to assess the creditworthiness of applicants. While deep learning (DL) models have shown high predictive accuracy in financial risk assessment, their lack of interpretability limits trust and regulatory compliance. Explainable AI (XAI) methods such as SHAP and LIME offer feature attribution, but they suffer from instability and reliance on external data. To address these challenges, this paper introduces the One-sided Linear Gradient Approximation (OLGA), a deterministic and computationally efficient explainability method based on finite-difference approximations and direct perturbation. OLGA provides direct attributions without requiring background data or extensive sampling, making it scalable for high-dimensional financial datasets. We compare OLGA against SHAP and LIME using key explanation metrics, including infidelity, sparsity, and sensitivity, across four deep learning architectures: Multi-Layer Perceptron, Convolutional Neural Network, Transformer, and Autoencoder. Experimental results indicate that OLGA achieves competitive fidelity and provides computational efficiency and stability compared to LIME and SHAP
A Sequenced Study of Improved Dielectric Properties of Carbon Nanotubes and Metal Oxide-Reinforced Polymer Composites
No full textPolymers have gained attraction at the industrial level owing to their elastic and lightweight nature, as well as their astonishing mechanical and electrical applications. Their scope is limited due to their organic nature, which eventually leads to the degradation of their properties. The aim of this work was to produce polymer composites with finely dispersed metal oxide nanofillers and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the investigation of their charge-storage applications. This work reports the preparation of different polymeric composites with varying concentrations of metal oxide (MO) nanofillers and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The successful synthesis of nanofillers (i.e., NiO and CuO) was carried out via the sonication and precipitation methods, respectively. After, the smooth and uniform polymeric composite thin films were prepared via the solution-casting methodology. Spectroscopy and diffraction techniques were used for the preliminary characterization. Scanning electron microscopy was used to check the dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and MOs in the polymer matrix. The addition of nanofillers and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) tuned the bandgap, reduced the strain, and enhanced the elastic limit of the polymer. The addition of CNT enhanced the mechanical strength of the composite; however, it increased the conductivity, which was tuned by using metal oxides. By increasing the concentration of NiO and CuO from 2% to 6% bandgap of PVA, which is 5–6 eV reduced to 4.41 and 4.34 eV, Young’s moduli of up to 59 and 57.7 MPa, respectively, were achieved. Moreover, improved dielectric properties were achieved, which shows that the addition of metal oxide enhances the dielectric behavior of the material
