503 research outputs found
An Analytical Review of Different Concepts of Riba (Interest) in the Sub-Continent
Get PDFThe traditional concept of Riba (interest) is an excess amount on loan, which creditor receives from debtor on the repayment of loan. There is almost a consensus on the sprit of this concept that it is traditional thought or school; but along with that some other point of views also exist, which present Riba, in somewhat different ways, will be termed as non-traditional approach in this paper. Both of these schools are agreed on the point that, Riba is just restricted to debt, and the increment on it is Riba; but the main difference among these is that: former approach claims that, each and every addition on loan, regardless of purpose and time duration of loan is Riba; but, the later approach demand’s some room for that on different grounds. Actually both of them do not have any sound base. When the concept of unearned income (the income, which is not the result of human labor), is a recognized fact in Islamic economics in different forms, like: ijara (rent), Mudoraba and Mazara’a (Share Cropping); then definitely no logical reason is left to avoid excess income on loan. Both approaches are just unable to give a concrete concept of Riba.Riba, Interest, Rent, Share Cropping
Interview with Farooq Abdel Aziz
No full textمقابلة مع الناقد السينمائي المصري، فاروق عبدالعزيز، عن الصحافة السينمائية العربية، ومهام عمل لجنتها التحكيمية، وعن الطرق والمعايير الفكرية والفنية التي تحكم بها الأفلام، والجوائز ومساحات العرض التي توفرها. قامت بالمقابلة درية شرف الدين.An interview with Egyptian film critic, Farooq Abdel Aziz, in which he discusses the Arab film press, the work tasks of its jury, the intellectual and artistic methods and standards by which films are judged, and the awards and exhibition spaces it provides. The interview was conducted by Doria Sharaf El-Din
Islamic Economics system In the Eyes of Maulana Maududi-An Analysis
Get PDFAttempt has been made to investigate the Islamic Economics System from the perspectives of Maulana Maududi. He is one of the greatest thinkers that Islamic world has ever produced. He was a great scholar, and has written a large number of books, articles and booklets on different aspects of Islam. Economics has been one of the fields of his interest. It may be said that at least in the Sub-Continent, he was the person, who has established “Economics of Islam” as a separate branch of knowledge. In this context, he has highlighted the characteristics, principles and objectives of this system. On the pattern set by him, a large number of Muslim economic thinkers have followed his line of thinking. According to Maulana Maududi basic principles of Islamic economic systems are: private ownership, limits of halal and haram, economic equality, free economy and welfare role of state. Whereas this system is established to achieve the objectives of human liberty, simultaneous development of material and moral growth, establishment of justice, equal distribution of wealth, fulfillment of basic needs of people and co-ordination between different groups of society.Islamic economic system, Principles, Objectives.
Comments and Reflections on "Prosody" (A Correspondence with Encyclopedia Britannica)
Get PDFThis is the correspondence between contributor Umar Farooq and editors of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. In this article, Farooq quotes the author ‘Elements of Prosody: Scansion’, and draws attention of the editors to some points left unnoticed by the author as he explains these elements through George Herbert’s analysis of Vertue. Farooq also shares his views on ‘Prosodic Style: The Personal Elements’
The Nature of Infaq and its Effects on Distribution of Weal
Get PDFInfaq is one of the basic terms of Quran, which is used in Quran, at almost sixty places. It is basically pious spending in the way of Allah. It has a significant importance in Islamic economic principles, with reference to redistribution of wealth and elimination of poverty. At different places Quran has described its different aspects, e.g. its need, conditions, ways and monetary and non monetary results. It is used by holy prophet, Peace be upon him (P.B.U.H) at different occasions to fulfill the needs of individuals and society as well. In order to ensure the better distribution of wealth which is the need of time, it is necessary to follow the orders of Infaq as given in Quran, and also the guidelines provided by holy prophet P.B.U.H., therefore, the basic objective of this paper is to analyze the role of these spending particularly infaq as a tool of equitable income distribution in an Islamic society.Infaq Quran, Allah
Ashar Farooq, COVID-19 reflection and images, 2020 March - June
No full textFor more information about this item, visit https://archivesspace.mit.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/350231Description by the author "One written document presents a short introductory summary about the shift to quarantine and its impact on my schedule. This also talks about the intersection of quarantine with the month of Ramadan. This was written around June 2020 as a reflection. These experiences took place in Huntington Station, New York. 8 photographs are a mix of on-campus immediately leading up to the departure from campus. Those last days before Pi Day 2020, the day I left campus, were captured by interacting with friends and campus happenings for the last time for a while. Some photographs depict the state of my MIT Masee Hall dorm room after packing everything up in a hurry and clearing out the room. Some photographs depict the iconic Purell stand that seemingly took over MIT's campus in March of 2020. The photographs at home are from Huntington Station, NY in my room as this has become the place of work, learn, and mostly everything during the qurantine period.
Connecting Theory and Practice in LIS: The Training Model of the Information Resource Centers
Get PDFThe traditional LIS education is also essential as it provides the foundation for our profession. Also, the LIS theory explores the history and evolution of the librarianship in different era. The library science educators do review the LIS courses from time to time, because it isn’t one time job. As the nature of information sources changes, the sophistication of information technology advances, and the quantity of knowledge explodes; the job market of librarians itself demands revision and expansion in the curricula of the LIS.
Even if the curriculum of an LIS school is up to the mark, the institution is required to train its new information professionals. Every type of library (i.e. public, academic, or special etc.) has to impart a proper training to its employees for better performance and productivity.
At the same time, it is true that not all the libraries or their parent institutions can afford the expensive and sophisticated training model of the IRCs. However, if they put the professional training on priority and spend some resources and time on it, they can get best out of their employees. One way is to arrange the in-house training sessions at their libraries. Moreover, the libraries of the same kind or in the same region can coordinate training on different LIS modules. The Internet is itself a good learning, teaching and training tool. The information professional can improve the professional skills through reading the professional literature, becoming a member of professional association, and consulting the value added professional websites
Proposal for a New Economic Framework Based On Islamic Principles
Get PDFThis book provides a holistic socio-economic framework working in conformity with the Islamic principles. Chapter 2 builds the ground for the proposed framework by discussing the foundations of the ethical precepts of Islam. It discusses the thesis of religion, answers some of the questions in the comparative study of religion and tries to resolve few of the misconceptions about the faith of Islam. Chapter 3 outlines the economic teachings of Islam with regard to earning and spending. It discusses at length the ideals Islam set before its adherents in the ethical sphere of life. The ethical principles are discussed based on the study of relevant Quranic text and the narrations of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Chapter 4 studies the comparative economic systems. It analyzes Capitalism, Socialism, Mixed Economy and Islamic economic system. Chapter 5 introduces the salient features of the proposed economic framework with special focus on fiscal reforms. It discusses the potential of the institution of Zakat to meet fiscal needs of the government and to assist it in doing away with deficit financing, fiscal bleeding, crowding out private sector and reducing deadweight loss by parting the way with private sector so as to ensure market economy operating on its own as far as possible and playing an active regulatory role. Chapter 6 introduces the monetary reforms. It discusses how savings would feature despite discontinuation of interest, how inflation will be checked with central banks not having at their disposal conventional OMO, how liquidity will be managed in banking sector when a central bank wants to inject liquidity or mop up funds. How and to what extent the institution of Zakat would enable the government to meet its fiscal targets and does not crowd out private sector with public borrowing. How balance of payments and exchange rate stability can be managed in an interest free economy. If in the short term, the government or central bank needs alternative source of revenue other than Zakat, they can issue GDP linked bonds. This could replace T-bill and provide a base instrument for OMO and liquidity management in the banking and financial sector. Chapter 7 introduces the currently practiced Islamic Banking and Finance. Since Islamic economic principles have more prominently been used in banking and finance, much of the discussion centers on Islamic banking and finance in lieu of analyzing the existing practices and then in the next chapter, preferable alternatives in areas where shortcoming is observed and need for improvement is felt are suggested. Chapter 8 discusses the financial system in the proposed framework with the role of institutions and the discussion on comprehensive need fulfillment mechanisms to serve every major need of a sophisticated contemporary financial system. Some important novel changes are recommended, such as introduction of options in mortgage financing, which will allow the bank to separate the tenancy and sale contract in a distinctive way. This will still ensure that it locks the sale with the borrower or with the third party without making both contracts dependent on each other. It will benefit the bank as well as the borrower, who will have an option but not an obligation to buy the asset at maturity. The modified role of bank entering in a Mudarabah contract as a “Rabb-ul-maal” (investor) will ensure that the bank takes on operational risk. It will enable the resources to go into productive avenues rather than in financial instruments. This modification will generate employment and productive activities in the economy in a more direct manner. The division of Mudarabah corporate and Mudarabah consumer will target two very distinct markets and will result in channeling of funds from saving surplus units to saving-deficient units. Reforms in equity markets and alternatives for insurance are also suggested. Chapter 9 introduces feasibility and structure of Micro credit as an alternative for interest based micro finance. It discusses how the potential obstacles in the form of lack of trust, funding commitment, lack of collateral arrangement, lack of documentation etc would be handled.Interest Free Economy, Islamic Economy, Islamic Economic System, Islamic Monetary Policy, Islamic Fiscal Policy, Interest, Zakat, Riba, Usury, Development, Redistribution, Economic Systems, Financial System, Financial Intermediation, Saving, Investment.
Transparent data plane failure tolerance for software defined networks
Get PDFWith the ever-increasing size and scale of networks and the critical nature of user applications, it is very important to have adequate failure tolerance mechanisms in order to ensure minimal disruption is user operations. Rather than handling failures in the control plane, it is more desirable to have failure tolerance mechanisms in the data plane. To this end, Software Defined Networking (SDN) has introduced different measures for data plane failure tolerance in existing protocols. More specifically in OpenFlow, this is achieved through fast fail-over groups that monitor health of ports and route traffic along alternative ones when the primary port is unavailable. However, configuring fast fail-over groups in data plane has required all logic to be off loaded into controller applications. This not only makes these applications more complicated, but has also proven to be restrictive in terms of the application's architecture and programming constructs.
In this thesis we introduce a novel design for SDN that abstracts out the failure tolerance logic from the control plane and automatically and transparently configures fast fail-over groups in the data plane, while leaving controller applications unmodified. Our technique pre-computes backup paths for each link in the data plane and installs them as MPLS tunnels. It then configures and installs fast fail-over groups to use these tunnels for rerouting traffic in the event of a link failure. Finally, it transparently intercepts communication between the control and data planes to use these fast fail-over groups and translate any other messages back and forth as needed. We also provide a module to make failure tolerance compatible with controller applications running in different versions of OpenFlow, particularly OpenFlow version 1.0, which has no notion of fast fail-over groups and integrates seamlessly with our design to make non-resilient controller applications failure tolerant. Our experiments demonstrate that our design is effective in transparently configuring fast fail-over groups for non-resilient controller applications, achieves a reasonably high throughput and incurs a fairly low performance overhead on network resources.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2022-05-01The student, Umar Farooq, accepted the attached license on 2020-05-12 at 11:06.The student, Umar Farooq, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2020-05-12 at 11:13.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2020-05-12 at 21:25.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15323 on 2020-08-25 at 17:44:18Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-27T00:51:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2020-05-12Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 115957
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Interplay between network configurations and network governance mechanisms in supply networks a systematic literature review
Get PDFPurpose: This work systematically reviews the extant academic management literature on supply networks. It specifically examines how network configurations and network governance mechanisms influence each other in supply networks.
Design: 125 analytical and empirical studies were identified using an evidence-based approach to review the literature mainly published between 1985 and 2012.
Synthesis: Drawing on a multi-disciplinary theoretical foundation, this work develops an integrative framework to identify three distinct yet interdependent themes that characterize the study of supply networks: a) Network Configurations (structures and relationships); b) Network Governance Mechanisms (formal and informal); and c) The Interplay between Network Configurations and Network Governance Mechanisms.
Findings: Network configurations and network governance mechanisms mutually influence each other and cannot be considered in isolation. Formal and informal governance mechanisms provide better control when used as complements rather than as substitutes. The choice of governance mechanism depends on the nature of exchange; role of management; desired level of control; level of flexibility in formal contracts; and complementary role of formal and informal governance mechanism.
Research implications: This nascent field has thematic and methodological research opportunities for academics. Comparative network analysis using longitudinal case studies offers a rich area for further study.
Practical Implications: The complexity surrounding the conflicting roles of managers at the organisation and network levels poses a significant challenge during the development and implementation stage of strategic network policies.
Originality/value: This review reveals that formal and informal governance mechanisms provide better control when used as complements rather than as substitutes
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