1,720,955 research outputs found
Metagenomics Study of the Taxonomic and Functional Compositions of Microbial Communities in Fine Dust Particulate Matter
No full textAsian dust events or known as the Yellow dust events in South Korea is a seasonal phenomenon that usually occurs during spring time which also affecting the other East Asian countries (China and Japan) due to the global dust transportation. The dust particles are usually dispersed from the semi-arid or arid region such as the Gobi Desert and the Taklamakan Desert in Mongolia across the vast ocean to a more humid mainland. During these phenomenal events, the level of the dust particles increases significantly, increasing the levels of associated chemical components and microorganisms. In the great concerns of the elevated particulate matter (PM) level especially the fine fraction (PM with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm, PM2.5) known as the event days had raised the effort of understanding the microbial community abundance and composition shift in between the non-event days and event days. Depending on the sizes of the dust particles, it is usually the smaller particles that have higher risk and greater impact on human health. The inhalation of this PMs could lead to the increase of risk in respiratory disease problems, asthmatic patients, allergies, and reduced in lung functions.
By far, most studies have conducted the impact of the chemical components of the PM towards human health and yet there is still limited study in the biological components of the PM. Indeed, the various chemical and biological components in airborne PM can pose a threat to human health. Nevertheless, it is known that the microorganisms including bacteria and fungi are successful life forms because of their ability to reproduce rapidly, adaptability to new environments, and capacity to disperse globally, especially through wind or as bioaerosols. These bioaerosols may contains critical human or plant pathogenic species which can cause diseases and bring harms to the human health as well as agriculture economic growth. Furthermore, the bioaerosols can also contain the airborne components of microorganisms including secondary metabolites such as endotoxins and mycotoxins which some are carcinogenic and the toxins can have serious human health impacts.
Despite of these airborne microorganisms to be widely dispersed in the atmosphere, there are still lacking of knowledge about the airborne microorganisms. This is because most of the studied conducted on airborne microbes were based on the cultivation technique and slowly changes to the culture-independent method such as 16S rRNA targeted-gene sequencing analysis. 16S rRNA gene analysis or also known as polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analysis is one of the most commonly use molecular technique to characterize the microbial community because it can provide rapid information and able to use on a minute amount of genomic DNA. In addition to the culture-independent analysis, there is a more recent and advanced method which can study both microbial community as well as its metabolic potential that is the whole metagenomics shotgun sequencing (WMS). Therefore, the importance of knowing the key microbial genes of the sampled community can give better understanding of the microbes behavior in the atmosphere. More knowledge can be obtained on how these airborne microbes can survives in the harsh conditions (high levels of UV radiation, low water activity, and extreme temperatures). Therefore, in order to study the airborne microorganisms of the collected samples, this dissertation is divided into 4 main objectives as follows:
1. Selecting the appropriate aerosol samplers for maximum efficiency of bioaerosols collection
2. Characterization of the airborne bacterial and fungal community in the collected samples by culture-independent analysis
3. Increased the understanding of the characterized airborne bacterial and fungal community and composition shifts in between the non-event and event day samples by using whole metagenomics shotgun sequencing
4. To develop more optimize sampling and processing method for direct application of whole metagenomics shotgun sequencing
The presented thesis contributes to emphasize the importance of understanding the airborne microbial community especially during the elevated level of PMs during the event days. Among the significance findings from this dissertation were the bacterial community differed between the non-event and event days sample. In certain cases, the Proteobacteria was more prevalent during non-event day, while Bacteroidetes dominated during event day. Even though the bacteria were more dominant in the aerosol samples compared to the fungal community, based on the findings in this study, there is still a notable abundance of fungal community in the samples. Ascomycota group were highly abundant especially during the event day. This could lead to the assumptions that Ascomycota which mainly consists of spore-forming fungi, can attached to the dust particles and be carried away through wind dispersal. Furthermore, several pathogenic genera were identified and the proportion was higher during the event days. In related to the functional composition, it seems that the abundance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria is also associated with the abundance of functional genes related to nitrogen metabolism.
Nevertheless, the techniques used in this dissertation can also be applied for other environmental samples such as bioreactor or other microbiomes. Depending on the research objectives, one can choose their own approach that is suitable to the study. The application of metagenomics studies can give more insight in related to the microbial community and its metabolic potential. Also, increasing the datasets of the studies for research feasibility as well as finding of novel genes or organisms especially for the uncultured organisms. In conclusion, the decrease in sequencing costs and improvements in sequencing technology has resulted in a dramatic increase in the availability of sequencing data over the past decade. Whole metagenomics shotgun sequencing is becoming a popular strategy for various analyses, and in one of these days, it might replace the PCR-based analysis.Docto
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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