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Multilateral developments expertise in the MENA region : cooperation practices, regional crises and national challenges, 1964-1981
No full textL’objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à l’histoire de la coopération pour le développement dans la région de l’Afrique du Nord et du Moyen-Orient - Middle East-North Africa ou MENA - en croisant une histoire de l’aide au développement, une histoire des organisations internationales et une histoire de l’expertise technique et en privilégiant, à la fois, une approche sociologique et une approche des transferts. Cette thèse s’attache donc à présenter les trajectoires suivies par tous les acteurs de l’aide au développement et leurs missions, à partir d’archives d’institutions internationales et diplomatiques inédites. L’assistance apportée par les organisations internationales relève d’un appui technique et d’une aide au financement des projets de développement des États. En portant la focale sur les pays récipiendaires de cette assistance et les institutions qui la prodiguent, cette thèse met en avant leurs intérêts profonds, convergents ou contradictoires. D’une part, des agences comme le Programme des Nations unies pour le développement (PNUD), la Conférence des Nations unies pour le commerce et le développement (CNUCED) et la Banque mondiale, ont tenté de gagner une légitimité internationale. D’autre part, les pays de la région MENA se sont servis de cette assistance pour la conduite d’ambitieux, et parfois coûteux, projets de développement. Par ailleurs, malgré la polarisation du monde avec la guerre froide, les États de la région MENA se sont joints au concert de revendications du « Sud » qui prônent le non-alignement et le rééquilibrage des échanges avec le Nord. L’ONU a été la plateforme de ces revendications avec, en 1964, la première CNUCED. Dans la région MENA, la Ligue arabe et l’Organisation des pays exportateurs de pétrole (OPEP) participent de cet « éveil du Sud » (Samir Amin). La crise pétrolière de 1973 conduit ces deux institutions vers un dialogue avec la CEE, la CNUCED et l’OCDE pour le financement de l’aide au développement, dans une coopération triangulaire originale. Dans cette lignée, le Fonds koweïtien pour le développement offre un exemple éclatant de poursuite d’intérêts stratégiques pour la légitimation d’un État financé par les pétrodollars. Grâce à la Banque mondiale, le Koweït fait de l’aide au développement une arme diplomatique, dès 1961. Les cas du Maroc et de l’Égypte dévoilent les limites de l’aide face aux ambitions, parfois contradictoires du pouvoir, devant des institutions internationales spectatrices de l’enlisement économique de ces pays.The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the history of development cooperation in the North Africa and Middle East - Middle East-North Africa or MENA region - by sharing a history of aid development, a history of international organizations and a history of technical expertise, while, at the same time, focusing on a sociological approach and a transfer approach. This thesis therefore aims to present the trajectories followed by all actors of development aid and their missions, from archives of international and diplomatic institutions unpublished. Assistance provided by international organizations is provided through technical support and support for the financing of state development projects. By focusing on the countries receiving this assistance and the institutions that provide it, this thesis highlights their deep, convergent or contradictory interests. On the one hand, agencies such as the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the World Bank have tried to gain international legitimacy. On the other hand, countries in the MENA region have used this assistance for driving ambitious, and sometimes costly, development projects. Moreover, despite the polarization of the world with the Cold War, MENA states have joined the concert of demands of the "South" advocating the non-alignment and rebalancing of trade with the North. The UN was the platform for these demands with, in 1964, the first UNCTAD. In the MENA region, the Arab League and the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) are part of this "awakening of the South" (Samir Amin). The oil crisis of 1973 led these two institutions to a dialogue with the EEC, UNCTAD and the OECD for the financing of development aid, in an original triangular cooperation. In this vein, the Kuwaiti Development Fund offers a vivid example of pursuit of strategic interests for the legitimization of a petrodollar-financed state.Thanks to the World Bank, Kuwait made development aid a diplomatic weapon, as early as 1961. The cases of Morocco and Egypt reveal the limits of aid in the face of ambitions, sometimes contradictory, of the power, before institutions viewers of the economic stagnation of these countries
L'expertise multilatérale pour le développement de la région MENA : pratiques de coopération, crises régionales et défis nationaux, 1964-1981
No full textThe purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the history of development cooperation in the North Africa and Middle East - Middle East-North Africa or MENA region - by sharing a history of aid development, a history of international organizations and a history of technical expertise, while, at the same time, focusing on a sociological approach and a transfer approach. This thesis therefore aims to present the trajectories followed by all actors of development aid and their missions, from archives of international and diplomatic institutions unpublished. Assistance provided by international organizations is provided through technical support and support for the financing of state development projects. By focusing on the countries receiving this assistance and the institutions that provide it, this thesis highlights their deep, convergent or contradictory interests. On the one hand, agencies such as the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the World Bank have tried to gain international legitimacy. On the other hand, countries in the MENA region have used this assistance for driving ambitious, and sometimes costly, development projects. Moreover, despite the polarization of the world with the Cold War, MENA states have joined the concert of demands of the "South" advocating the non-alignment and rebalancing of trade with the North. The UN was the platform for these demands with, in 1964, the first UNCTAD. In the MENA region, the Arab League and the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) are part of this "awakening of the South" (Samir Amin). The oil crisis of 1973 led these two institutions to a dialogue with the EEC, UNCTAD and the OECD for the financing of development aid, in an original triangular cooperation. In this vein, the Kuwaiti Development Fund offers a vivid example of pursuit of strategic interests for the legitimization of a petrodollar-financed state.Thanks to the World Bank, Kuwait made development aid a diplomatic weapon, as early as 1961. The cases of Morocco and Egypt reveal the limits of aid in the face of ambitions, sometimes contradictory, of the power, before institutions viewers of the economic stagnation of these countries.L’objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à l’histoire de la coopération pour le développement dans la région de l’Afrique du Nord et du Moyen-Orient - Middle East-North Africa ou MENA - en croisant une histoire de l’aide au développement, une histoire des organisations internationales et une histoire de l’expertise technique et en privilégiant, à la fois, une approche sociologique et une approche des transferts. Cette thèse s’attache donc à présenter les trajectoires suivies par tous les acteurs de l’aide au développement et leurs missions, à partir d’archives d’institutions internationales et diplomatiques inédites. L’assistance apportée par les organisations internationales relève d’un appui technique et d’une aide au financement des projets de développement des États. En portant la focale sur les pays récipiendaires de cette assistance et les institutions qui la prodiguent, cette thèse met en avant leurs intérêts profonds, convergents ou contradictoires. D’une part, des agences comme le Programme des Nations unies pour le développement (PNUD), la Conférence des Nations unies pour le commerce et le développement (CNUCED) et la Banque mondiale, ont tenté de gagner une légitimité internationale. D’autre part, les pays de la région MENA se sont servis de cette assistance pour la conduite d’ambitieux, et parfois coûteux, projets de développement. Par ailleurs, malgré la polarisation du monde avec la guerre froide, les États de la région MENA se sont joints au concert de revendications du « Sud » qui prônent le non-alignement et le rééquilibrage des échanges avec le Nord. L’ONU a été la plateforme de ces revendications avec, en 1964, la première CNUCED. Dans la région MENA, la Ligue arabe et l’Organisation des pays exportateurs de pétrole (OPEP) participent de cet « éveil du Sud » (Samir Amin). La crise pétrolière de 1973 conduit ces deux institutions vers un dialogue avec la CEE, la CNUCED et l’OCDE pour le financement de l’aide au développement, dans une coopération triangulaire originale. Dans cette lignée, le Fonds koweïtien pour le développement offre un exemple éclatant de poursuite d’intérêts stratégiques pour la légitimation d’un État financé par les pétrodollars. Grâce à la Banque mondiale, le Koweït fait de l’aide au développement une arme diplomatique, dès 1961. Les cas du Maroc et de l’Égypte dévoilent les limites de l’aide face aux ambitions, parfois contradictoires du pouvoir, devant des institutions internationales spectatrices de l’enlisement économique de ces pays
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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