17 research outputs found
Asymmetric membranes for destabilization of oil droplets in produced water from alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding
No full textDestabilisation of oil droplets in produced water from alkaline- surfactant-polymer flooding by using asymmetric pvdf membrane
No full textThis thesis presents a study of destabilisation of oil droplets that produced from alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding by using four types of laboratoryfabricated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. Four formulations of PVDF membranes were fabricated via immersion precipitation method with ethanol (0 - 30 %, v/v) as the coagulant to control the membrane formation. The membrane morphology and structures as well as pore sizes were characterised by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the thickness was measured by a digital micrometre, and the porosity was determined by gravimetric method. The radius of oil droplets in feed and permeate solutions was measured by dynamic light scattering device. The membranes with the effective area of 17.35 cm2 were tested with synthesized ASP solutions that contained 1500 mg/L of the oil droplets. The oil droplets for feed solution ranged from 10-200 nm to 700-4000 nm with the mean radius 61 nm. Results show that with increasing of ethanol concentration, a pore size at the top and bottom surface become larger. Macrovoid structure formed near to the top surface and the sponge-like structure exhibited at the bottom. As ethanol concentration increased, the membrane porosity increased slightly from 77-83%, while thickness has no significant effects. The distilled water permeation flux increased from 27 .37 to 74.69 kg/m2min at 2 bar transmembrane pressure when the ethanol coagulant increased. Hagen-Poiseuille law and Darcy's law models were suggested to govern the permeation fluxes. The mean values of the membrane thickness, porosity and pore size were used to predict the fluxes. The membrane resistance was approximately 1011 m-1. The SEM was defective in the mean pore size measurement. When synthesized ASP produced water used as feed solutions, the flux and fouling resistance increased with the transmembrane pressures from 0 to 4 bars. The oil droplets radius in permeates increased to 20 - 4000 nm with mean radius 200 to 3000 nm. It proved that the destabilisation of the oil droplets took place when the ASP solution permeated through the asymmetric PVDF membranes especially for 2 and 4 bar transmembrane pressure. while no significant influence by the different formulation of asymmetric membrane structures. The membrane fouling increased as the flux decreased over time fitted the Darcy's law
LAGU DAN MISE EN SCENE: ISU KELAS SOSIAL DAN IDENTITI BUDAYA DALAM GETARAN JIWA (1961)
No full textKajian ini adalah menganalisis isu kelas sosial dan identiti budaya dalam lagu Getaran Jiwa (1961) dan mise en scene di dalam filem Antara Dua Darjat (1960). Kedua-dua lagu ini mengetengahkan isu kelas sosial dan identiti budaya masyarakat tempatan pada zaman tersebut. Penyelidik turut menggunakan pendekatan menggunakan analisis tekstual melalui kaedah analisis lirik lagu untuk mengenalpasti isu yang dibawakan oleh P. Ramlee menerusi lagu dan mise en scene pada lagu Getaran Jiwa . Menggunakan pendekatan analisis tekstual melalui kaedah analisis lirik lagu, pengkaji hanya memfokuskan kepada dua elemen mise en scene iaitu latar (setting) dan kostum sebagai limitasi kajian. Hasil kajian mendapati P. Ramlee memberi penekanan terhadap nilai estetika menerusi visual sebagai author dengan mengetengahkan isu kelas sosial menerusi lagu dan elemen mise en scene
Investigation of Patch Phase Array Antenna Orientation at 28GHz for 5G Applications
No full textAbstractIn this paper, three different configurations of patch array antennas are designed to investigate their radiation patterns with different orientation and excitation phase at 28GHz for 5G application. All antennas are fed by inset feed line. The excitation phases are changed to study the radiation pattern of each patch array antenna with different orientations. Simulated and measured S11, S12 and simulated radiation patterns are presented. The simulated result showed that the designed antennas are able to operate at 28GHz. Antenna 1 and 2 provide beam shifting covers the angles up to 66°, while for Antenna 3 is 94°
Radiation pattern performance of unequally linear arrays with parasitic element
No full textFor next generation of 5G mobile base station antennas, multibeam, multifrequency and low sidelobe characteristics requested. Simplify the feeding network will contribute a low feeder loss and frequency dependent. From the previous research by the author, low sidelobe level reported by density tapered array configuration from -13 dB to -16 dB and the result maintained for wideband operation frequency at 28 GHz, 42 GHz, and 56 GHz. However, the grating lobe has occurred due to element spacing larger than a wavelength of higher frequency (56 GHz). In this paper, an investigation was made of the performance of radiation pattern for unequally microstrip linear array antenna in frequency 42 GHz and 56 GHz by loading parasitic elements. The effect of parasitic element to the impedance, gain, and sidelobe level of unequally microstrip linear spaced tapered array also examined. The design has been simulated using Ansoft High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) ver 16.0
Barriers to female participation in technology education at Millennium High
No full textPlan BThe purpose for this study was to determine if gender inequity exists in technology education and report those inequities by identifying the top three negative perceptions that females have about technology education, the differences in negative perceptions between males and females, and to what extent those negative perceptions influenced/impacted female enrollment in technology courses an Millennium High School. In order to determine if there were barriers to female participation in technology education the researcher developed and administrated a survey instrument. The survey instrument was designed to determine the extent to which the barriers uncovered during the review of literature exist at Millennium High School. The findings of this study were based on the review of literature and on the reported results of the survey that was administrated by the researcher at Millennium High School. Based on these findings the researcher formulated the following recommendations: • Design a series of gender equity in-services • Create a gender-neutral learning atmosphere • Increase the amount of instruction that students receive on the use of equipment • Increase the comfort level around the machines • A simple coat of fresh paint on the walls and new ceiling tile • Make sure that there are several gender-neutral projects • Institute a gender exclusive technology education course
Revisiting Malaysian Cinema : From National Supports to State Intervention
No full textThis paper is tailored to look into the development of Malaysian cinema since the incipient of studio system, based in Singapore, and its later shift to Malaysia in another phase, hitherto identified as the independent era. This paper proposes that the collapse of studio system in the mid 1970s demonstrated the logic of capitalist system as it never tolerate the industry which no longer generates much money, on one hand; and it also marked the watershed for the intensified intervention of the state in Malaysian film industry, both in financial supports and its cascading
effects such as rules and regulations and censorship impose on the film industry players, on the other. Apart from this, the author will also shed light on several prominent figures and institutions for whom (which) have substantially shaped the film industry existing today, just to name a few, the multitalented and renowned filmmaker, P. Ramlee; the controversial filmmaker, Amir Muhammad and his films, as well as FINAS and the Censorship Board. In other words, this paper will address, not only the interplay of capitalist system and the state intervention, but also the effects of such interaction on Malaysian cinema
The Role of Extrinsic Motivation on the Relationship between Office Environment and Organisational Commitment
No full textAbstractThis study proposes that office environment affects organisational commitment and this relationship is moderated by extrinsic motivation. The conceptual model of this study was tested using 250 administration employees in two selected manufacturing organisations in Malaysia. To achieve the aim of this study, a quantitative research design method using survey questionnaires was used. The results show that there was a significant (.01) positive, and strong relationship between office environment and organisational commitment. The most influenced dimension of office environment for organisational commitment was workstation setting. However, extrinsic motivation failed to moderate the relationship between office environment and organisational commitment
CPW Fed WLAN Monopole Antenna with Gain Improvement
No full textAbstractMonopole antennas have been widely used in the telecommunication industry in recent years. Most of the monopole antennas are designed to operate at Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) application which has the advantage of unlicensed Industrial, Scientific, Medical (ISM) bands. ISM bands include of IEEE 802.11 a/b/g WLAN standards which have different speed data rates and operating frequency. The current issue stated that people always complain about their WiFi's signal coverage which is normally low. In an effort to solve this coverage problem, improvement must be made on the antenna's gain. A conventional gain of a monopole antenna operated at 2.4GHz is normally 2 dBi. A coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed WLAN monopole antenna which is operated at 2.4GHz with gain improvement is designed. In this project, the gain is improved by using the parasitic element technique. The concept is based on the Yagi-Uda antenna which consists of reflector and directors. The simulated and measured gain achieved is 6.9 dBi and 7.9 dBi respectively. Hence, the gain increment is 5.9 dBi if compared to the conventional gain. The designed antenna produced a directional radiation pattern which covers almost 90° of the antenna's coverage area
Dissecting genetic variation and association mapping for agro-morphological traits under high temperature stress in pea (Pisum sativum L.)
No full textHigh temperature stress is a severe problem that limits the productivity of pea and most crops. Investigating the genetic basis of agronomic and morphological traits related to heat stress tolerance could expedite the development of stress-adaptive pea cultivars, thereby increasing productivity for food security. This study aimed to explore genetic variation in Southeast Asia pea accessions and identify marker-trait associations (MTAs) related to heat stress. Phenotypic data were assessed for genetic variation in 11 traits including phenological, morphological, and agronomic, under high temperature conditions in Malaysia and Indonesia. A collection of 94 pea accessions of 92 landraces from Indonesia and two commercial cultivars from Taiwan was used for genome-wide association study. A total of 1,974 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to determine marker-trait associations. Population structure, principal coordinate analysis, and kinship analysis revealed that the accessions could be divided into three groups. The BLINK model identified twenty-six significant (P ≤ 0.001) MTAs for the observed characters across all locations and consistent in multiple individual locations. Two SNPs on Chr2 and Chr6 that were associated with more than one trait predicted to co-localize with a gene involved in mediating environmental stress responses and may provide a novel mechanism of heat tolerance in pea. Nineteen candidate genes were identified within 15 kb distance of 26 significant SNPs associated with days to flowering, number of nodes, peduncle length, days to harvesting green pod, days to physiological maturity, and seed volume. The SNP markers and candidate genes identified in this study have potential for marker-assisted selection toward rapid development of pea cultivars with improved heat tolerance. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V
