12 research outputs found
Load transfer from high-strength concrete columns through lower strength concrete slabs
No full textSix specimens were tested to investigate the effects on high strength concrete columns due to the presence of ordinary strength floor concrete layer in between. The specimens consisted of four sandwiched type of columns and two edge columns. The four columns, 55 in. long, had a 7 in. layer of floor concrete. These column specimens were designed to study the influence of longitudinal as well as lateral steel on the strength characteristics and behavior of the floor concrete. Two edge columns specimens consisted of two column sections separated by a 7 in. floor slab extending beyond the column faces in three directions. The data from these tests combined with the previously reported similar studies was analyzed to find the appropriate parameters for the estimation of the apparent strength of the floor concrete to be used in the calculation of load carrying capacity of columns. The analysis reveals that Sec. 10.13 of the ACI code is not based on the appropriate parameters. The allowable ratio of 1.4 between the two concrete strengths within which there is no requirement to reduce the column capacity is not considered appropriate. Similarly, the calculation of the apparent floor concrete strength in case of interior columns as per Sec. 10.13.3 was also found to be too unconservative.Mechanics of materials approach used for the analysis of the composite materials was applied for theoretical analysis of the problem. This approach with the use of the available test data lead to an expression for the calculation of the apparent floor concrete strength applicable to all kinds of columns in structures. A similar but simpler and more conservative expression was also devised purely on data analysis. These empirical relationships can be expressed asf\sbsp{cp}{\prime} = 2.0\ \lambda\sb{G}\ {f\sbsp{cc}{\prime}\ f\sbsp{cf}{\prime}\over f\sbsp{cc}{\prime} + f\sbsp{cf}{\prime}}The concrete strengths in the above equation are replaced by their square roots in the expression deduced from the mechanics of materials approach.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T14:15:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Association of the MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) polymorphism with idiopathic male infertility in a local Pakistani population
No full textThe present study determined an association between idiopathic sperm disorders in a local Pakistani infertile male population and the MTHFR C677T polymorphism. After ruling out non genetic factors, a total of 437 idiopathic infertile men including 57 azoospermic, 66 oligospermic, 44 asthenozoospermic, 29 teratozoospermic, 20 oligoasthenospermic and 221 infertile normospermic men were recruited. Furthermore, 218 normospermic fertile men, who had two children (or more) were included as controls. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used to determine MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) polymorphism. A significant association of the minor MTHFR 677T allele with male infertility was observed (p <0.05). In addition, men with MTHFR 677 CT and TT genotypes were at a greater risk [odds ratio (OR): 1.81, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.17-2.80, p = 0.008 and OR: 9.24, 95% CI: 1.20-70.92, p = 0.032, respectively] of infertility. All the subgroups of male infertility (azoospermic, oligospermic, asthenospermic, oligoasthenoteratospermic (OAT) and normospermic infertile) had significantly (p <0.05) higher frequencies of CT and TT genotypes when compared to fertile men. The combined genotypes (CT + TT) were also found significantly (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.31-3.08, p <0.001) associated with male infertility. The results suggest that the polymorphism might be a factor of male infertility in the Pakistani population
Author Correction:A reproducible extended ex-vivo normothermic machine liver perfusion protocol utilising improved nutrition and targeted vascular flows
No full textCorrection to: Communications Medicine https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-024-00636-2, published online 24 October 2024.In the version of the article initially published, in the “Perfusate constitution” section of the Methods, the text “sodium taurocholic acid (Merck Millipore) was infused at 7.7 mg/h” should have read “sodium taurocholic acid (VWR Chemicals, USA) was infused at 140 mg/h” and has now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.</div
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Technological impact on the art of moviemaking: deploying new and convergent media to redefine a model for Pakistan’s cinema
No full textThis thesis examines the decline in Pakistani cinema during the last two decades. It examines the history of the cinema and exposes some possible, previously ignored, causes for that decline. This research led the author to ask “Can new and convergent media be helpful in reviving the Pakistani cinema?” The thesis introduces the ideas of established and emergent cinema, building on the work of Williams (1977) in discussing the ideas of dominant, residual and emergent culture. The exploration reveals two gaps in the film industry: first, the lack of training in the making of films; and, second, the change in possible production methods allowed by new and emergent technologies. The thesis addresses both of these gaps by suggesting new production paradigms which incorporate the new technology and by examining two scripts to develop methodologies for teaching. The scripts are produced into films as the practice section of the research. The first film, creative element 1, is developed using some of the new tehnologies, students as crew and the available resources of an educational establishment to test the methodologies that have been derived. The outcomes of the creative element 1 laid the foundation of the second film, creative element 2. It is shot on mobile phones and distributed from Pakistan through Vimeo with a negligible budget. The social networks helped to arrange equipment and locations and allowed extreme freedom to the filmmaker
Common, low-frequency, rare, and ultra-rare coding variants contribute to COVID-19 severity
No full textThe combined impact of common and rare exonic variants in COVID-19 host genetics is currently insufficiently understood. Here, common and rare variants from whole-exome sequencing data of about 4000 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals were used to define an interpretable machine-learning model for predicting COVID-19 severity. First, variants were converted into separate sets of Boolean features, depending on the absence or the presence of variants in each gene. An ensemble of LASSO logistic regression models was used to identify the most informative Boolean features with respect to the genetic bases of severity. The Boolean features selected by these logistic models were combined into an Integrated PolyGenic Score that offers a synthetic and interpretable index for describing the contribution of host genetics in COVID-19 severity, as demonstrated through testing in several independent cohorts. Selected features belong to ultra-rare, rare, low-frequency, and common variants, including those in linkage disequilibrium with known GWAS loci. Noteworthily, around one quarter of the selected genes are sex-specific. Pathway analysis of the selected genes associated with COVID-19 severity reflected the multi-organ nature of the disease. The proposed model might provide useful information for developing diagnostics and therapeutics, while also being able to guide bedside disease management. © 2021, The Author(s)
A 60-year-old woman with lymphoma and postchemotherapy thickening of the urinary bladder wall. Cytomegalovirus cystitis associated with immunosuppression.
No full textLiposarcoma is the most common sarcoma of the soft tissues in adults, accounting for 10% to 18% of all soft tissue sarcomas in different series. Liposarcoma is most frequently found in the extremities and the retroperitoneum. Its occurrence in head and neck is rare. Head and neck liposarcomas account for between 3% and 5.6% of all liposarcomas. Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal liposarcomas are exceedingly rare; to the best of our knowledge, there are fewer than 40 well-documented cases reported to date. We present a case of a 60-year-old woman with a history of hoarseness and dysphagia. Direct laryngoscopy showed a polypoid growth on the right vocal cord. Biopsy of the laryngeal mass was performed and submitted for histologic examination, which was consistent with round cell liposarcoma
Analysing the Impact of Education Policies and Their Implementation on the School Education System in Punjab, Pakistan
No full textIn Punjab, Pakistan, a province whose educational outcomes are pivotal to national development, the school system continues to struggle with significant challenges in access, quality, and equity. Despite a long history of ambitious education policies, a persistent and critical gap exists between policy intentions and their practical implementation, leaving many students without quality learning opportunities and teachers without adequate support. This narrative review analyzes the landscape of education policy and reform since 2001, synthesizing a wide body of evidence from policy documents, peer-reviewed academic research, and government reports to diagnose the root causes of this systemic implementation failure. The findings reveal several interconnected bottlenecks that consistently stall improvement. Chronic policy inconsistency, driven by volatile political cycles, prevents long-term strategies from taking root. Weak monitoring and evaluation systems render it nearly impossible to track progress or make evidence-based adjustments, while deep-seated urban-rural disparities in funding and resources perpetuate cycles of inequality. These issues are compounded by systemic corruption and administrative inefficiency that divert critical funds and erode public trust. Crucially, the review highlights a pervasive lack of meaningful stakeholder engagement in the policy process, which undermines local ownership and the sustainability of reforms. The paper argues that breaking this cycle requires a fundamental shift away from top-down reforms towards more adaptive and participatory strategies. This involves a concerted effort to strengthen policy coherence, invest in teacher capacity through continuous professional development, leverage technology for transparency, and empower communities through participatory monitoring to finally bridge the policy-practice gap.
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Knowledge Transfer in Software Development Teams Using Gamification: A Systematic Literature Review
No full textOne of the objectives of knowledge management is knowledge transfer. In software development projects, collaborative work is the key to teamwork. These projects are classified as knowledge-intensive, and their activities are related to the materialization of an organization’s knowledge. Therefore, software development teams require knowledge transfer capabilities. However, there are difficulties associated with communication and collaboration that create challenges for software development teams and require mitigation. One way to mitigate such problems is the use of gamification. This paper presents the results of a systematic review of the literature to identify gamification based strategies that encourage knowledge transfer from software development teams. These strategies were classified, and interesting approaches were found to identify gamification as a key strategy for software development teams. The use of gamification achieves positive results in the generation of knowledge transfer capabilities in software development teams. © 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Global variations in heart failure etiology, management, and outcomes
No full textImportance: Most epidemiological studies of heart failure (HF) have been conducted in high-income countries with limited comparable data from middle- or low-income countries.
Objective: To examine differences in HF etiology, treatment, and outcomes between groups of countries at different levels of economic development.
Design, Setting, and Participants: Multinational HF registry of 23 341 participants in 40 high-income, upper–middle-income, lower–middle-income, and low-income countries, followed up for a median period of 2.0 years.
Main Outcomes and Measures: HF cause, HF medication use, hospitalization, and death.
Results: Mean (SD) age of participants was 63.1 (14.9) years, and 9119 (39.1%) were female. The most common cause of HF was ischemic heart disease (38.1%) followed by hypertension (20.2%). The proportion of participants with HF with reduced ejection fraction taking the combination of a β-blocker, renin-angiotensin system inhibitor, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist was highest in upper–middle-income (61.9%) and high-income countries (51.1%), and it was lowest in low-income (45.7%) and lower–middle-income countries (39.5%) (P < .001). The age- and sex- standardized mortality rate per 100 person-years was lowest in high-income countries (7.8 [95% CI, 7.5-8.2]), 9.3 (95% CI, 8.8-9.9) in upper–middle-income countries, 15.7 (95% CI, 15.0-16.4) in lower–middle-income countries, and it was highest in low-income countries (19.1 [95% CI, 17.6-20.7]). Hospitalization rates were more frequent than death rates in high-income countries (ratio = 3.8) and in upper–middle-income countries (ratio = 2.4), similar in lower–middle-income countries (ratio = 1.1), and less frequent in low-income countries (ratio = 0.6). The 30-day case-fatality rate after first hospital admission was lowest in high-income countries (6.7%), followed by upper–middle-income countries (9.7%), then lower–middle-income countries (21.1%), and highest in low-income countries (31.6%). The proportional risk of death within 30 days of a first hospital admission was 3- to 5-fold higher in lower–middle-income countries and low-income countries compared with high-income countries after adjusting for patient characteristics and use of long-term HF therapies.
Conclusions and Relevance: This study of HF patients from 40 different countries and derived from 4 different economic levels demonstrated differences in HF etiologies, management, and outcomes. These data may be useful in planning approaches to improve HF prevention and treatment globally
Índice neutrófilo linfocitario, corazón y COVID-19
No full textLa infección por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV2, que provoca la enfermedad COVID-19, genera daño miocardio en un subgrupo importante de pacientes. Esto se ha relacionado con la presencia de inflamación sistémica y miocárdica donde intervienen varios marcadores inflamatorios, uno de ellos, es el índice neutrófilo linfocitario. El objetivo de este artículo es describir la relación del índice neutrófilo linfocitario, como biomarcador cardiaco, con el daño miocárdico que puede aparecer durante la infección por la enfermedad. Se realizó una revisión no sistemática de la evidencia publicada en diferentes bases y se seleccionaron 37 bibliografías de la temática
