161 research outputs found
Crystallographic Characteristics of Hydroxylapatite in Hard Tissues of Cololabis saira
No full textX-ray micro diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared were employed to investigate the crystallographic characteristics of the inorganic mineral existing in bones of Cololabis saira. The results show that the crystal phase in hard tissues of Cololabis saira is hydroxylapatite (HAP). Chemical composition analysis reveals that the HAP in hard tissues lacks P and is rich in Ca. Refined lattice parameters of HAP show that a = 0.93622–0.93787 nm and c = 0.68549–0.69011 nm. The domain sizes calculated from the Scherrer equation are 18.9–20.7 nm long along the c-axis and about 6.2 nm thick perpendicular to the c-axis, and is well evidenced by TEM data. The crystallinity of HAP is poor compared with natural HAP. In situ X-ray micro diffraction patterns measured from raw hard tissue show a very strong reflection from the (002) and (004) lattice planes on the cross-section of bone and nearly no reflection from the (002) and (004) lattice planes on elongation surface of bone. Compared with the XRD pattern of standard HAP data and from the textural index R values, it indicates that the HAP in the hard tissues of Cololabis saira has a strong preferring orientation along the crystallographic c-axis. This is verified by Fourier transform infrared on the elongation surface of bone and by selected area electron diffraction of HRTEM on the section perpendicular to elongation of bone. A quantitative textural degree index DR is proposed. The crystallographic characteristics of bio-hydroxylapatites (particle size, crystallinity and preferring orientation) are designed by tissue function and controlled by organic matrix to provide a good mechanical performance
Growth and maturation of Pacific saury Cololabis saira under laboratory conditions
No full textThis study details the growth and maturation processes of Pacific saury Cololabis saira from eggs to first spawning under laboratory conditions. They were reared at 20°C, and fed almost to satiation every day. There was no significant difference in the knob length (KnL) between males and females, and so data for both sexes were combined in the following Gompertz growth formula: KnL t = 277.1 exp[−exp(−0.015 (t − 83.8))]. The first spawning was observed 243 days after hatching (DAH). At the beginning of spawning, when the mean KnL was about 250 mm, only several hundred eggs were spawned at most. The spawning continued, and the number of spawned eggs increased notably after 260 DAH. Correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis of the gonad somatic index (GSI) of Pacific saury versus KnL, CF, and DAH revealed that only DAH (R = 0.88 and 0.72 for males and females, respectively) was significantly correlated with GSI of Pacific saury (P < 0.001). This result suggests that DAH is one of the most influential factors for maturation in this species
Role of pharmacists in Pakistan’s healthcare system: a qualitative and quantitative assessment of perspectives among healthcare professionals and general public.
No full textSejak sedekad yang lalu, profesion dalam bidang farmasi mulai berubah dengan ketaranya dari segi perkhidmatan kesihatan terhadap pesakit dan penduduk secara keseluruhannya. Dalam tempoh perubahan ini, ahli farmasi, terutamanya di negaranegara maju, begitu dihormati dalam sistem penjagaan kesihatan. Sebaliknya, di negara yang sedang membangun, perkhidmatan dan kepakaran yang ditawarkan oleh ahli farmasi tidak dimanfaatkan sepenuhnya. Di samping itu, peranan mereka sebagai
profesional penjagaan kesihatan tidak dianggap penting sama ada oleh komuniti atau penyedia penjagaan kesihatan lain, terutamanya doktor dan jururawat.
In the last decade, pharmacy profession had transformed tremendously in terms of health and pharmaceutical service provision to both patients and general population. Within this practice transformation, pharmacists, especially those in developed countries, now occupy a respectable position within the healthcare system. In contrast, services and expertise offered by pharmacists in developing countries are still underutilized, and their role as healthcare professionals is not deemed to be important either by the community or by other healthcare providers, especially doctors and nurses
A study investigating the community pharmacist knowledge about the appropriate use of inhaler, Eastern Region AlAhsa, Saudi Arabia
No full textAbstractThe current study aims to assess the community pharmacist’s skills to make correct use of metered dose inhalers (MDIs). Seventy-four pharmacists were approached using six clusters from the most populous areas of Alahsa, Eastern region Saudi Arabia. Of whom n=71, responses were taken in consideration to perform the statistical analysis. Scoring of pharmacist demonstration was done using a nine-step checklist for the appropriate use of inhaler. A simulated patient approach was used to assess pharmacist’s skill. Majority, 98.6% of the pharmacists were Egyptian nationals with a mean age of 38.74±SD 4.52. Overall, pharmacists were found to have a poor recognition (mean score=4.2±SD 2.08) with the steps considered while using an inhaler. However, significantly better knowledge differences were observed among the pharmacists aged 30–35years (5.52±2.14, t=2.851, p=0.009∗). In addition, job experience (3–4years) was found significantly (p=0.003∗) associated with a better knowledge toward the appropriate use of inhaler. It was seen that the young pharmacists working on chain pharmacies have comparatively better knowledge than the other groups
“Enjoin the good, prevent the harmful” – the intersection of theory and practice in the implementation of<i>sharīʿa</i>for Muslims in Western societies: the case of medical ethics in Britain
No full textThis paper explores the theoretical Islamic legal framework and methodology used by Islamic religo-legal authorities (sing. muftī) in issuing rulings (sing. fatwa) regarding contemporary medico-ethical issues of concern to Muslim minorities, health professionals and policy makers in Britain. The author demonstrates that the guiding principle used by Islamic religo-legal authorities related to medico-ethical issues in Britain is the Quranic precept of, “Enjoin the good, prevent the harmful”. In particular, the Islamic legal instrument of maslaha (public interest) is used to arrive at rulings in a process in which the role of the muftī is crucial. The author shows that the muftī is able to legitimately function in a contemporary liberal society such as Britain because of the private nature of his authority that has historically been vested in this position. The paper also explores how the operation of the sharī’a in Britain may potentially intersect with the British legal system and some of the consequences that arise from this potentiality. The author concludes by reflecting upon what the issues raised in this paper indicate for the broader themes related to the integration of Muslims into contemporary liberal societies
Isolation and characteristics of trypsin inhibitor from the hepatopancreas of a squid (Todarodes pacificus)
No full textTrypsin inhibitor was purified from the hepatopancreas of squid (Todarodes pacificus). The final inhibitor preparation was nearly homogeneous by SDS-PAGE with an estimated molecular weight of approximately 6300. The squid trypsin inhibitor was acid- and heat-stable, and active against trypsins from the pyloric ceca of starfish (Asterias amurensis) and saury (Cololabis saira) and porcine pancreatic trypsin. Amino acid composition of the squid trypsin inhibitor was compared with other invertebrate trypsin inhibitors. The squid trypsin inhibitor inhibited the autolysis of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) myofibrillar proteins
Intrathecal baclofen pump – a viable therapeutic option in pregnancy
No full text Baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acid analogue, is used as a muscle relaxant and antispasmodic to relieve symptoms in patients with intractable spasticity arising from cerebral or spinal aetiology such as in traumatic brain injury or multiple sclerosis. As it is often used in women of reproductive age, it is imperative to know the safety and associated maternal and fetal risks. The Food and Drug Administration has assigned the drug to Pregnancy Category C because of the lack of controlled data in humans. Animal studies have revealed an increased incidence of omphalocele if used in doses several times the recommended human dose. Baclofen should only be given during pregnancy when the benefits outweigh the risks. Baclofen is considered compatible with breast feeding by the American Academy of Pediatrics. </jats:p
Job Satisfaction of Secondary School Teachers: A Comparative Analysis of Gender, Urban and Rural Schools
No full textRadical Innovations and Economic Development: Comparative Role of Social and Human Capital in Developing Countries
No full textThe last two decades witnessed a surge of radical innovations in developing economies. This surge has expedited the research on understanding the factors that foster innovations and transmit the benefits of innovation to economic development. In this study, we have examined the role of enabling factors, social and human capital, for radical innovations and how these impacts are catalyzed to economic development. Using the data of 59 developing countries for 1980-2022, the results of GMM showed that though both social and human capital foster innovations, the impact of human capital is substantive. However, social capital provides a better linkage between innovations and development. The improvement in institutional quality is recognized as essential for radical innovations, while trade openness and FDI are not aligned with the innovative process of developing economies. To sustain this growth in radical innovations, developing economies should focus on enabling factors along with realigning external sector policies with the structure of innovativeness
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