7 research outputs found
Comparative analysis of red skin Tilapia and bovine gelatins as halal alternatives in food industry
No full textGelatin plays a vital role in the food industry, serving as a thickening agent, emulsifier, wetting agent, and stabiliser. However, conventional sources like mammalian gelatin pose health and societal issues, while poultry gelatin can present risks related to avian flu. Our work was motivated by recent studies focusing on alternative gelatin sources, which prompted further investigation. Our study aimed to extract gelatin from red-skin Tilapia and bovine sources. Both types of gelatin underwent pre-treatment using 0.2 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 0.05 M acetic acid (CH3COOH) at 27ºC, followed by water extraction at 60°C for 3 hours. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed that the extracted gelatins exhibited peaks similar to commercial gelatin. The extracted fish gelatin (EFG) demonstrated superior gel strength compared to commercial fish gelatin (CFG), whereas commercial bovine gelatin (CBG) exhibited superior gel strength than extracted bovine gelatin (EBG). The protein content of EFG and EBG was comparable, but the fat content was significantly higher in EFG. The foaming capacity was also evaluated, with EFG showing greater capacity than EBG. Our work demonstrates excellent potential of alternative gelatin for usage in various applications and creates new opportunities for the food sector, particularly for halal food production
Physicochemical Characterization of Biofluid Metabolites from Liquid Residual of Tuna Fish (Euthynnus affinis) throughout Refrigerated Storage Condition
No full textThe cold storage condition and use of chemical treatment to preserve the fish appearance sometimes cause difficulties to the consumers to estimate the freshness of fish in the market. However, during fish deterioration, some compound is released or formed due to microbial and biochemical process. Identification of released compound during fish spoilage is a crucial step in understanding the degree of spoilage. This study characterizes the physicochemical changes of metabolites biofluids from liquid residual of tuna fish (Euthynnus affinis) during refrigerated storage condition. Tuna fish were kept in ice at 0°C and stored in cold room (~4°C) for seven days in order to study the changes in fish freshness and loss of quality through the storage period. Liquid residual of fish was collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days of storage. LC-MS/MS analysis was carried out to determine the possible dominant compound which was later identified as creatine and phenylalanine. Quantification of creatine and phenylalanine using HPLC with UV detector found that creatine and phenylalanine increased significantly up to day 4 and day 5 upon storage time for creatine and phenylalanine, respectively (p<0.05). The liquid residual pH increased from 6.5 on day 0 to 7.5 on day 7 (p<0.05). Changes in chemical compounds were supported with physical analysis on gills colour of spoilage fish. L⁎ and a⁎ values decreased with storage time from 41.08 to 24.76 and 18.34 to 10.40, respectively, while b⁎ value increased from -3.80 to -0.46 (p<0.05). The finding of biofluid derived compounds was found as useful and alternative indicators of fish freshness in later study on the development of optical biosensor
Physicochemical changes of tuna fish (Euthynnus affinis) throughout refrigerated storage condition. A preliminary study
No full textIslamic financial contracting forms in Saudi Arabia: Law and practice
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel UniversityThe main objective of this research is to examine whether the current practices of Islamic banking and financial activities in Saudi Arabia are compatible with the principles of Shariah. This examination includes the current uses of sukuk (Islamic bonds), the models of takaful (Islamic insurance) and accepted risk transfer mechanisms in Islamic structured finance (Islamic derivatives). The second purpose is to investigate the basic laws of banking and financial activities in Saudi Arabia and examine whether they are compatible with Shariah principles. The final aim is to suggest solutions to the absence of regulatory and supervisory systems of Islamic finance in Saudi Arabia by proposing a legislative and regulatory framework for Islamic banking and finance in Saudi Arabia.
The research findings show that there are no specific laws and regulations governing Islamic banking and financial activities in Saudi Arabia. In addition, there is no independent central Shariah board to regulate and supervise Islamic banking and financial activities in Saudi Arabia, nor are there are any specialised commercial courts to look into banking issues. The research finds that there are some articles in the law of supervision of cooperative insurance companies in Saudi Arabia, and its implementing regulations, which do not comply with Shariah, and in addition, there is some incompatibility between the law and its implementing regulations. The final finding is that the issuance of sukuk and Islamic financial derivatives in Saudi Arabia are not consistent with Shariah requirements, due to the absence of regulatory policies and supervisory harmonisation, while Islamic insurance needs to amend some articles of the law of supervision of cooperative insurance companies in Saudi Arabia, and its implementing regulations, in order to comply with Shariah and also to avoid incompatibility between them
Modelling the language of cyber scammers: a forensic linguistics analysis of Malaysian illegal investment scheme / Ameiruel Azwan Ab Aziz … [et al.]
No full textOver the last few years, there are growing concerns over the astronomical increase of reported cases of illegal internet investment schemes in Malaysia. Although the Central Bank of Malaysia (CBM) regulates and supervises financial institutions in order to combat illegal investment scheme through Financial Services Act 2013 (FSA 2013) and Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 (IFSA 2013), they do not protect the consumers should they choose to deal with the illegal financial service providers. The large financial losses have a negative impact fiscally on investors' socioeconomic. Hence, this study is proposed to analyse Malaysian illegal internet investment scammers' language properties to provide cyber defense for the public. Using Zhang and Wildemuth's (2009) content analysis process, this study intends to examine the linguistic strategies used by scammers in their websites to deceive their targets. This study will focus on several websites identified by CBM as the primary data source. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted with personnel from relevant government agencies. For triangulation purposes, individuals who have experienced investing and willing to share their experiences and data will be interviewed. All data will be coded and categorised, and emergent themes will be presented to answer research questions. With great hope, this study's results will help provide comprehensive public education about these scams' linguistics strategies as a strong defense against them. The results may also help the authorities develop better crime prevention methods and contribute to the criminal justice system in presenting more significant linguistic evidence in the court of law
Abstracts of the International Halal Science Conference 2023
No full textThis book presents the extended abstracts of the selected contributions to the International Halal Science Conference, held on 22-23 August 2023 by the International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), IIUM, Malaysia in collaboration with Halalan Thayyiban Research Centre, University Islam Sultan Sharif (UNISSA), Brunei Darussalam. With the increasing global interest in halal products and services, this conference is timely.
Conference Title: International Halal Science ConferenceConference Acronym: IHASC23Conference Theme: Halal Industry Sustainability Through ScienceConference Date: 22-23 August 2023Conference Venue: International Islamic University (IIUM), MalaysiaConference Organizer: International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University (IIUM), Malaysi
